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在大巴山西北侧镇巴县简池地区开展1∶10 000的地质填图和构造解析工作,重点研究露头和区域尺度上叠加褶皱变形的时空变化、成因,确定褶皱的构造属性及变形时限。研究表明未拆离的中上三叠统-中侏罗统沉积岩系中发育两组褶皱：(1)北东近东西向褶皱(F1),成组、分区断续相连,线性展布发育,代表了区域米仓山主背斜较陡倾南翼上的次级大型褶皱的枢纽带;(2)北西北北西向褶皱(F2),区域呈弧形展布,发育隔挡式褶皱组合型式,构成大巴山前陆坳陷带东部边缘的复式向斜。北西北北西向褶皱向西横跨在北东近东西向褶皱之上,形成露头尺度上的2类4种基本样式,发育大角度叠加交切的两组褶皱弯滑擦痕。北东近东西向褶皱减弱消失在同造山的上三叠统-中侏罗统(Ts1Ts4岩性段)中,上被中侏罗世晚期Ts5与Ts6岩性段包络覆盖,属中生代南秦岭碰撞造山相关的前陆生长褶皱,时限约为213~178 Ma,与米仓山构造形成晚期阶段的指向南的非共轴剪切变形有关。北西北北西向褶皱将研究区的中生代及之前岩系普遍卷入了变形,属晚中生代大巴山陆内造山带的前陆构造褶皱,时限约为160~120 Ma,区域褶皱变形长期保持稳定的总体近似纯剪的应变状态。尽管两期挤压收缩褶皱事件的时间间隔不长,但两组褶皱的样式、形成时间、构造属性与形成机制都存在巨大差异,表明区域构造环境和地壳变形机制的重大变动和转换。 相似文献
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本文首次研究滩间山金矿田的构造特征。万洞沟群沉积时已有北东向同生断裂；元古宙末，万洞沟群褶皱；矿田内发育北东、北西两个方向的韧性剪切带和脆性断裂。因此，万洞沟群并非单斜；本区金矿的形成富集与构造演化密切相关。为黑色岩系中同构造多因复成矿床－滩间山型金矿床；同生断裂与不同方向韧脆性剪切带叠加部位和闪长玢岩及煌斑脉经韧脆性剪切作用改造之处是金的成矿有利地段。 相似文献
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川东北地区主体构造为北西向大巴山弧形构造带和北东-北东东向川东弧形褶皱带,发育早期北东向纵弯褶皱和晚期北西向纵弯褶皱,两者构成明显的纵-纵复合叠加,形成典型的限制褶皱、横跨褶皱、斜跨褶皱和移褶等。早、晚两期褶皱和共轭“X”节理均反映出早期应力场为北西-南东向水平挤压,晚期应力场为北东-南西向挤压。 相似文献
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通南巴背斜位于四川盆地东北部,紧邻北部米仓山和东北部大巴山两大造山带,开展通南巴背斜与不同造山带、川东北先存古隆起的时空耦合关系物理模拟研究,对于约束周缘造山带的构造变形时间和区域构造变形时序具有重要的科学意义,同时对川东北油气勘探也有指导作用.初始模型中,设计了北部推板和东北部推板分别代表米仓山和大巴山造山带的活动;下部硅胶层和上部石英砂层分别代表三叠系底部膏盐岩和上覆砂岩为主的碎屑岩;随着油气勘探的深入,川东北古生代隆起被逐渐接受,在模型底部用橡皮泥预制条带状构造代表古隆起.实验结果表明,北部推板挤压过程形成的速度场快速传递到橡皮泥（代表先存古隆起）之上的石英砂中,形成北东向的褶皱和断裂;东北部推板挤压过程形成的弧形构造带呈北西向展布,叠加在早期北东向构造上.通过梳理周缘造山带的隆升历史,并结合本次模拟实验结果,认为燕山期米仓山构造活动与古生代北东向隆起共同控制通南巴早期北东向构造的形成,燕山晚期和喜山期大巴山活动形成一系列北西向构造叠加在通南巴早期北东向构造之上,控制通南巴背斜须家河组北东向和北西向两组断裂-裂缝系统的形成. 相似文献
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大巴山前陆北西向褶皱的厘定及其意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
大巴山位于南秦岭造山带与上扬子前陆交接部位,其西北缘地区发育规模大、方向各异、叠加特征明显的褶皱构造体系。通过关键地区的褶皱及其叠加变形的几何学、运动学及时空序列的研究鉴别出至少是三期褶皱构造,包括北东—近东西向、近南北—北北西向和北西向褶皱。本文详细介绍北西向褶皱的厘定依据和空间构造要素,研究其对晚侏罗世形成的大巴山弧形褶皱带的叠加改造及过程。根据区域变形的特征分析,以及下白垩统地层卷入北西向褶皱变形的事实,推测这组褶皱形成与早白垩世晚期或其后的收缩变形事件有关,但其地球动力学背景仍需进一步探讨。大巴山地区北西—南东向褶皱的厘定有助于完善和深化大巴山西缘地区构造演化及地壳变形历史的认识。 相似文献
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在松潘—甘孜造山带的三叠系西康群复理石岩系中,普遍发育着一种特殊的同劈理直立褶皱,作者称为“西康式”褶皱。这类褶皱的特点是:其褶皱枢纽倾状角是变化的;具有圆滑—同心褶皱、尖楞褶皱及过渡型褶皱等多种复合褶皱形式;由不同类型劈理构成复杂的折射劈理图形;在流劈理面上发育有垂直的拉伸线理。根据微构造分析和有限应变测量表明,这类褶皱是由压扁、纯剪切、纯剪切 简单剪切等三种变形机制的产物。其动力学基础是在三个板块和近于垂直的南北及东西方向挤压应力作用下,形成的叠加褶皱,推测形成深度为10～15km“西康式”褶皱的构造特征、形成机制及壮观程度上,完全可与世界著名的“侏罗山”型、“彭尼内”型造山带褶皱相比美,它是造山带中一种新的褶皱类型。 相似文献
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五台山区五台晚期韧性剪切带主要发育在五台山花岗绿岩带内,为区内规模最大、影响广泛的区域性构造。总体呈北东-北东东向展布于五台岩群与花岗质片麻岩的接触带上或变质地层的接触带上,延伸长达200km以上。受吕粱期褶皱叠加改造呈“之”字型展布,是五台山花岗绿岩带南北向两个巨型岩片的分界构造;变形以花岗质岩石强烈片理化、糜棱岩化、绿泥石化为特征,发育糜棱岩、糜棱片岩、角砾状糜棱岩;剪切带内矿物拉伸线理及各类旋转应变标志指示上盘相对由北西向南东逆冲推覆;从剪切带所涉及的地质体为五台岩群及北台片麻岩,王家会岩体,并被吕梁期褶皱叠加,说明其形成于新太古代五台运动末期的造山过程。 相似文献
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华北克拉通东部地块和大别—苏鲁造山带印支期褶皱-逆冲构造与动力学背景 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
大别-苏鲁造山带不同岩片(块)经历了不同的褶皱变形.榴辉岩块(或透镜体)和硬玉石英岩片经历了高压-超高压背景下的两幕褶皱变形之后,在区域性第一幕变形期间主要发生透镜化为主,后期与围岩共同经历紧闭同斜第二幕褶皱.而其它岩片主要经历了现今野外可见的区域性三幕褶皱,其中区域性第一幕褶皱为片内残留褶皱,在斜长角闪岩透镜体中多见,宏观规律不明.区域性第二幕褶皱在露头尺度多见,轴面为折劈理,局部强烈置换成片理化带(复合片理或第二期片理),恢复第三幕褶皱改造作用后,揭示出各种岩片中的各级尺度的第二幕褶皱都为轴面北西倾南东倒、轴迹走向为NNE向的紧闭不对称褶皱,不对称性一致反映其指向与各种岩片向南东的逆冲运动有关.第三幕褶皱为以片理或折劈理为变形面的宽缓褶皱,轴迹走向NWW,枢纽向西倾伏.韧性剪切带为非透入性构造,分早晚两期,早期为韧性逆冲,新县穹隆以南,运动学标志指示向北逆冲,错切第二幕褶皱,结合新县穹隆北部向南的逆冲特征,反映这些韧性逆冲断层多数为第二幕大型褶皱翼部的次级逆冲断层;晚期为韧性滑脱带,其发育局限于几个岩性差异较大的接触带,带内伸展型折劈理发育,并对挤压构造样式有重要的改造作用.华北克拉通东部地块是华北克拉通的重要组成,其盖层古生界和三叠系在印支运动期间经历了一幕宽缓褶皱作用,其轴迹方向主体也为NWW向.这一褶皱构造明显在变形时间、变形样式和展布方向上都和大别-苏鲁造山带中的第三幕褶皱非常一致,说明它们具有动力学上的必然联系.同时,研究表明在华北克拉通东部地块中没有经历大别-苏鲁造山带中区域性第一、第二幕褶皱变形的记录,故本文认为印支期这两幕变形主要发生在华北板块东南缘的边界上,并没有波及到板内,而且从东向西高压-超高压岩石剥露具有穿时性.只有当华北板块和华南板块在第二幕变形之后构成了统一块体后,第三幕变形才波及华北板内. 相似文献
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Antonio Funedda 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(7):1625-1642
In the Variscan foreland of SW-Sardinia (Western Mediterranean sea), close to the leading edge of the nappe zone, nappe emplacement
caused folding and repetition of stratigraphic successions, km-scale offset of stratigraphic boundaries and an extensive brittle-ductile
shear zone. Thrusts assumed a significant role, accommodating a progressive change of shortening direction and forming complicated
thrust triangle zones. During thrust emplacement of the nappes, strong penetrative deformation affected rocks beneath the
basal thrust of the nappe stack and produced coeval structures with both foreland-directed and hinterland-directed (backthrusting)
shear sense. Cross-cutting and overprinting relationships clearly show that the shortening direction changed progressively
from N–S to E–W, producing in sequence: (1) E–W trending open folds contemporaneous with early nappe emplacement in the nearby
nappe zone; (2) recumbent, quasi-isoclinal folds with axial plane foliation and widespread, “top-towards-the-SW”, penetrative
shearing; (3) N–S trending folds with axial plane foliation, contemporaneous with late nappe emplacement; (4) backthrusts
and related asymmetrical folds developed during the final stages of shortening, postdating foreland-verging structures. Structures
at (3) and (4) occurred during the same tectonic transport “top-towards-the-E” of the nappe zone over the foreland. The several
generations of folds, thrusts, and foliations with different orientations developed, result in a complex finite structural
architecture, not completely explicable by the theoretical model proposed up to date. 相似文献
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Arie Speksnijder 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1987,76(2):451-476
Detailed structural analysis of part of the Variscan southcentral Pyrenees revealed the occurrence of several deformation generations, of which the most important one, called the mainphase folding and striking WNW-ESE, seems to be the oldest. Directional analysis of structural elements related to mainphase folding (sedimentary bedding, mainphase cleavage, small-scale foldaxes and intersection lineations) shows, however, that sedimentary bedding must have been non-planar before mainphase deformation took place. This observation suggests that premainphase folding occurred as well, and indeed the areal distribution of intersection lineations in the studied area demonstrates the existence of two early Variscan fold systems. They are characterized by very open NNW-SSE and WSW-ENE folds and have subvertical axial planes and subhorizontal foldaxes. In strong contrast to mainphase folds, penetrative axial plane foliations did not develop during deformation. Pre-mainphase folds in varying orientations have been reported from many other areas in the central Variscan Pyrenees, but a reinterpretation of existing maps and other data shows that also in these cases two pre-mainphase deformation generations must be present, rather than just one as suggested in most previous work. Again, the interference pattern of the two fold systems as well as field evidence indicates that axial planes are steep and strike approximately N-S and E-W, but locally strong reorientation due to Alpine deformation (mainly thrusting) has taken place. The significance of pre-mainphase folding in the Variscan Pyrenees is discussed in the light of an overall dynamic/ kinematic model involving alternating convergent and divergent right-lateral oblique-slip movements along the north-eastern boundary of the Iberian (micro-)plate. The occurrence of pre-mainphase folds is related to
- the transition from divergent to convergent obliqueslip movement (NNW-SSE folds), and
- initial oblique convergence of the Iberian and European plates (WSW-ENE folds) prior to mainphase collision.
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An assessment of the southern Betsimisaraka Suture (B.S.) of southeastern Madagascar using remote sensing and field investigation reveals a complex deformation history. Image processing of Landsat ETM+data and JERS-I Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery was integrated with field observations of structural geology and field petrography. The southern B.S. divides the Precambrian basement rocks of Madagascar in two parts. The western part includes Proterozoic rocks whereas the eastern part is an Archean block, named the Masora block. The southern part of the B.S. includes high-grade metamorphic rocks, recording strong deformation and has mineral deposits including chromite, nickel, and emerald, characteristic of oceanic material that is compatible with a suture zone.Large-scale structural features indicate ductile deformation including three generations of folding (F1, F2, and F3) associated with dextral shearing. The first folding event (F1) shows a succession of folds with NE striking axial planes. The second folding event (F2) mainly has north–south striking axial planes and the last event (F3) is represented by mega folds that have ENE–WSW axial plane directions and have NNW and SSE contractional strain patterns. Closure of the Mozambique Ocean between two components of Gondwana sandwiched rocks of the B.S. and formed upright folds and shortening zones which produced N–S trending lineaments. Later dextral movements followed the contraction and formed NW–SE trending lineaments and N–S trending normal faults associated with dextral strike slip faults and fractures. 相似文献
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Despite the common occurrence of simple shear deformation, laboratory and numerical simulations of folding have so far been almost exclusively in pure shear. Here we present a series of finite-element simulations of single layer folding in simple shear up to high shear strains (γ ≤ 4, and up to 75% shortening of the folding layer). In the simulations we vary the viscosity contrast between layer and its surroundings (25–100), the stress exponent (1 or 3) and the kinematics of deformation (pure- versus simple shear). In simple shear fold trains do not show a clear asymmetry, axial planes form perpendicular to the developing fold train and rotate along with the fold train. Differences in geometries between folds formed in simple and pure shear folds are thus difficult to distinguish visually, with simple shear folds slightly more irregular and with more variable axial plane orientation than in pure shear. Asymmetric refraction of an axial planar cleavage is a clearer indication of folding in simple shear. The main effect of an increase in stress exponent is an increase in effective viscosity contrast, with only a secondary effect on fold geometry. Naturally folded aplite dykes in a granodiorite are found in a shear zone in Roses, NE Spain. Comparison of the folded dykes with our numerical simulations indicates a viscosity contrast of around 25 and a stress exponent of 3. The natural folds confirm that at this moderate viscosity contrast, a significant amount of shortening (20–30%) is achieved by layer thickening instead of folding. 相似文献
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南昆仑造山带西段发育逆冲推覆构造、平行走滑构造、地垒一地堑构造和阿尔卑斯式褶皱、侏罗山式褶皱,前两类构造尚有韧性剪切带伴生;其构造组合在平面上具有内带一外带一前陆带明显的分带性,且形成了逆冲推覆构造一平行走滑构造一地垒一地堑构造的构造序列。 相似文献
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In the metamorphic cores of many orogenic belts, large macroscopic folds in compositional layering also appear to fold one or more pervasive matrix foliations. The latter geometry suggests the folds formed relatively late in the tectonic history, after foliation development. However, microstructural analysis of four examples of such folds suggests this is not the case. The folds formed relatively early in the orogenic history and are the end product of multiple, near orthogonal, overprinting bulk shortening events. Once large macroscopic folds initiate, they may tighten further during successive periods of sub-parallel shortening, folding or reactivation of foliations that develop during intervening periods of near orthogonal shortening. Reactivation of the compositional layering defining the fold limbs causes foliation to be rotated into parallelism with the limbs.Multiple periods of porphyroblast growth accompanied the multiple phases of deformation that postdated the initial development of these folds. Some of these phases of deformation were attended by the development of large numbers of same asymmetry spiral-shaped inclusion trails in porphyroblasts on one limb of the fold and not the other, or larger numbers of opposite asymmetry spirals on the other limb, or similar numbers of the same asymmetry spirals on both limbs. Significantly, the largest disparity in numbers from limb to limb occurred for the first of these cases. For all four regional folds examined, the structural relationships that accompanied these large disparities were identical. In each case the shear sense operating on steeply dipping foliations was opposite to that required to originally develop the fold. Reactivation of the folded compositional layering was not possible for this shear sense. This favoured the development of sites of approximately coaxial shortening early during the deformation history, enhancing microfracture and promoting the growth of porphyroblasts on this limb in comparision to the other. These distributions of inclusion trail geometries from limb to limb cannot be explained by porphyroblast rotation, or folding of pre-existing rotated porphyroblasts within a shear zone, but can be explained by development of the inclusion trails synchronous with successive sub-vertical and sub-horizontal foliations. 相似文献
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Tectonically the Dabie orogenic belt consists mainly of the Dabieshan Yanshanian uplifted zone and the Beihuaiyang Variscan-Indosinian folding zone. In the north boundary adjoining the North China Block, there are an Early Palaeozoic ophiolitic mixtite belt and the Hefei Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin which overlaps on the suture belt. In the south of Dabie orogen, there is a secondary tectonic unit called Foreland thrust-faulted structural zone which was mainly formed by the intracontinental subductions during Mesozoic era. The study shows that the Dabie Block is a part of mid-late Proterozoic palaeo-island arc at the north margin of Yangtze Block. During Caledonian period, as a submerged uplift at the northen continental margin of Yangtze Block, the Dabie Block collided with the early Palaeozoic palaeo-island arc at the south margin of North China Block, resulting in the convergence of the North and South China Blocks and the disappearance of oceanic crust. Since then,large-scale intracontinental subductions were followed. Dabie Orogenic Belt is the product of overlapping of Yangtze Block, Dabie Block and North China Block under the mechanism of intracontinental subduction. Indosinian period is the period of chief deformation and high pressure dynamic metamorphism for Dabie Block, and Yanshan period is the main orogenic period in which the remelting of crust caused by basement shearing resulted in large scale thermometamorphism. The present tectonic framework of the orogen was finally formed by the rapid uplifting of the Dabieshan mountains and gliding southwards, which result in the developing of thrust belt on south side and the extensional tectonic movement on north side. 相似文献
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扬子地块东北缘多期叠加变形及形成演化 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
对扬子地块东北缘的地层序列研究进展、多期叠加变形特征等作了较系统阐明。识别出在中三叠世末至早侏罗世前,由深层滑脱折离剪切形成的区域性NW-NWW向,向西倒覆褶皱,并被随后的主期变形所叠加,形成一系列以NE向为主,在早期褶皱正常翼上为背、向斜,在倒转翼上为背形向斜、向形背斜褶皱带。晚侏罗世到早白垩世间形成滑覆逆冲构造,并随着北侧的大别山地,南部的皖南山地急剧抬升,在安徽宣州市北至贵池市南,形成由山地向盆地中心,因重力相向滑覆冲断形成的对冲带。在重新认识区内构造演化的基础上,对动力学作了初步分析。 相似文献