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1.
硫多金属矿床开采对水环境的影响——以福建大田地区矿产开发为例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
闽西大田地区矿床采选冶活动对水土生态环境系统造成了严重的破坏，矿区采选矿废水pH值、SO4^2-浓度远远超过水环境标准，选矿废水和接纳采选矿废水的河流水体中Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量大部分超过地面5类水标准，少部分超过4类水标准，矿区采选矿业废水是地表水金属污染的重要源头。矿业废水pH值与金属Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd的含量具有明显的负相关关系，SO4^2-浓度与金属离子Fe、Mn、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd浓度具有较一致的变化规律。提出整治硫多金属矿山环境污染，应坚持因地制宜、矿业资源开发与环境保护并重的方针，用石灰石碱性中和酸性废水，隔离覆盖尾矿矿堆，对废弃矿山植树种草进行生态修复，对效益低下的开采矿山退矿还林，对严重环境污染的矿山实行关闭，对新开矿山要进行科学规划开发。 相似文献
2.
岩溶地区地下水径流特征复杂。以云南蒙自断陷盆地为例,通过开展水文地质调查、示踪试验、综合研究等,揭示了不同水文地质单元岩溶地下水径流方向:蒙自盆地内东山—蒙自(Ⅰ-1)、大屯(Ⅰ-2),蒙自盆地东南黑龙潭(Ⅰ-3)单元内岩溶地下水整体由南东流向北西;新安所(Ⅰ-4)单元内由南向北;蒙自盆地南部8号暗河(Ⅱ-1)、9号暗河(Ⅱ-2)两个水文地质单元内岩溶地下水由北流向南,对研究西南典型岩溶区地下水径流特征、合理评价和开发地下水资源具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。 相似文献
3.
桂林甑皮岩遗址地处典型的峰林平原区,面临地下水运动破坏遗址区稳定性的问题。为掌握水塘岩溶渗漏过程特征,揭示遗址保护区岩溶地下水与地表水的相互作用,保护遗址区的稳定性,分析了遗址保护区地下水与地表水的水位动态特征,并根据岩溶地下水与地表水系统的水均衡要素建立水箱模型的基本物理结构和水塘水位衰减方程,将模拟水位与实际水位对比分析,量化地表水与降雨及遗址洞地下水之间的相互关系。水塘水位动态与地下水水位动态存在水位高差、上升起点、衰减速度和峰值滞后的差异性,两者动态过程的差异反映遗址区岩溶介质的沟通能力较强;地表水渗漏过程主要控制因素是水塘底部的岩溶渗漏能力;地下水补给地表水塘的方式以主径流带管道流集中补给为主。遗址区地下水与地表水的水力交互作用表现出强烈的动态模式,地下水与地表水互相转化特征显著。地下水与地表水的水力交互有利于削弱地下水潜蚀力,缓解地下水对覆盖层的侵蚀破坏。 相似文献
4.
以上海市中心城区为例,探讨路面径流重金属在颗粒物-水相间的分配特征及其影响因素.研究表明,路面径流Cr的25%分位数浓度值,以及Zn、Pb、Cd的90%分位数浓度值超出地表Ⅴ类水标准,Cu和Ni污染程度较轻.径流重金属Pb、Zn、Cu及Cd总量浓度与悬浮颗粒物(TSS)含量呈现较明显的正相关关系,Ni与TSS浓度相关性不显著.径流冲刷过程中Cu和Ni溶解态含量比例平均值为35%;Zn和Cr平均值为19%~22%;Cd和Pb溶解态比例最低,平均值为4%~8%.应用扣除残渣态后的颗粒物重金属含量计算固液分配系数依次为Pb>Cd>Zn>Ni>Cu>Cr.径流中悬浮颗粒物浓度与固液分配系数存在显著负相关关系,呈现明显的"颗粒物浓度效应",径流pH值在6.4~7.2区间时对固液分配系数影响相对较小. 相似文献
5.
利用拉拉铜矿矿区水环境调查和水质监测资料,依据国家《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),采用模糊数学方法对矿区水环境质量进行了综合评价,认为除尾矿水、生活污水极严重污染(Ⅴ类)外,其他水属清洁(Ⅰ类);同时筛选出主要污染因子为来自尾矿水中的Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd和生活污水中的总氮、总磷,进一步探讨了污染物可能造成的环境危害.提出对泄漏的尾矿水可通过吸附、沉淀,除去金属毒物;对生活污水可通过离子交换法和吸附法除氮、除磷,同时还应对矿山水环境加强监管的措施. 相似文献
6.
稳定同位素在太原地区岩溶水资源研究中的应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对太原地区的岩溶地下水进行了大量稳定同位素研究后,得出了西山岩溶水与浅层水混合线的公式为;δD=5.6δ18O-16.1。这条混合线与雨水线的交点给出了未混合前西山岩溶水的δD=-75.6‰,δ18O=-10.7‰。从而计算出浅层水对晋祠岩溶泉的补给量约为36％。根据D、O、S稳定同位素数据及水化学特征,可把太原地区岩溶水划分为两个系统——西山岩溶水系统及东山-北山岩溶水系统,兰泉属于东山系统。硫同位素数据表明,这两个岩溶水系统之间存在着水力联系,即有一部分来自西山的岩溶水补给了兰泉。 相似文献
7.
兰坪金顶铅锌矿区土壤重金属Zn、Cd分布特征研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过连续提取法测定兰坪金顶铅锌区土壤中Zn、Cd的形态含量,笔者等分析了污染物的分布、化学形态的变化。结果表明,金顶矿区土壤中Zn、Cd总量大范围超标,Zn的水溶态含量为n·100μg/g,离子交换态为n·10μg/g,残渣态、活性铁锰态、碳酸盐态和有机结合态含量为n·102μg/g,Cd的水溶态含量为n·10-2μg/g,其他各态基本在同一数量级为n·100μg/g,部分地区Zn离子交换态含量超过国家土壤环境质量标准（Ⅲ级）中总量标准1倍以上,而Cd离子交换态含量平均是Ⅲ级总量标准的5倍,Cd污染要更加严重。污染及形态分布受矿体展布、地形、矿业活动、地表径流等的影响。Zn、Cd的环境有效态（水溶态、离子交换态与碳酸盐态之和）含量比较高,对兰坪矿区及沘江流域具有潜在的危害。 相似文献
8.
广西红水河中下游马山地区地下水重金属含量及分布特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了解红水河中下游马山地区地下水重金属含量及分布特征,以西南岩溶地下水污染调查评价中广西红水河中下游马山地区地下水数据为基础,对该地区27件样品的重金属含量特征、重金属间相关关系、重金属与其它化学组分的相关性以及地下水重金属分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:研究区地下水中重金属含量整体偏低,平均质量浓度顺序为Fe＞(Al)＞Zn＞Mn＞Pb＞Se＞As＞Cd,重金属平均质量浓度均小于中国生活饮用水标准值,且绝大部分重金属含量远远低于该标准值。Mn与Fe、As、Al存在显著或极显著的正相关关系,Zn与Pb、Cd存在明显的相关性,Se与其它７种重金属的相关性均不明显,可能是由于Se与其它重金属的来源差异较大所致。地下水的酸碱性对重金属的富集影响较小,但地下水中主化学成分HCO3-和Ca2+对重金属的富集有较大影响,TDS对绝大部分重金属的影响较小,对As和Cd具有一定的影响。地下水中Mn、Zn、As、Pb、Cd、Se、Al、Fe质量浓度在空间上表现出一定的地区分布特点,整体上重金属高浓度点主要集中在马山县城周围以及古寨、乔利街乡镇周围。 相似文献
9.
10.
基于缝洞方解石包裹体测试分析塔北轮南地区奥陶系古岩溶期次及环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地轮南地区奥陶系岩溶缝洞发育,但多期水-岩作用对缝洞改造复杂。基于轮南地区岩溶缝洞方解石包裹体测试,总结了该地区包裹体的物理、化学特征,发现轮南地区以单液相、气液两相包裹体为主,并按包裹体盐度-均一温度将气液两相包裹体划分为6类不同成因类型包裹体。结合埋藏史分析,认为轮南地区上述包裹体可能形成于4期岩溶作用阶段,包括表生期暴露淡水岩溶、浅埋藏岩溶、中埋藏岩溶及深埋藏岩溶。以上研究为判断轮南地区奥陶系风化壳岩溶缝洞形成后,埋藏阶段多期水-岩作用对缝洞的改造效应提供依据。 相似文献
11.
为探讨渤海西部在多重环境因素变化下沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学行为,分析了渤海西部44个站位表层沉积物样品中8种重金属元素含量,研究了重金属元素的分布特征、环境影响因素及其生态风险。结果表明,渤海西部表层沉积物中As、Cu、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的平均含量分别为117 mg/kg、255 mg/kg、014 mg/kg、689 mg/kg、0037 mg/kg、303 mg/kg、223 mg/kg、757 mg/kg;Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn含量与有机碳含量、小于63 μm细粒沉积物呈显著正相关,其在表层沉积物中的分布明显受到有机质含量和沉积物粒径的控制,而As、Hg分布没有明显受到有机质含量的影响。富集系数显示,Cr、Ni、Pb和Zn为无富集,Cu、As为轻度富集,Cd和Hg为中度富集。与多种背景值和一致性沉积物质量基准相比较,渤海西部表层沉积物Pb、Cd的含量超出背景值,而Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr、As、Hg含量也存在一定的异常,但其含量水平引发有害生物效应的可能性不大,尽管重金属元素含量偏高,但生态风险较小。 相似文献
12.
Flooding mine tailings to limit the oxidation of sulfides provides a habitat for aquatic organisms, such as plants, plankton,
insects, and fish, which can uptake metals and, thus, threats for local ecosystems and influence the cycling of elements in
biogeocenosis. An aquatic ecosystem developed naturally in sulphide tailing ponds containing cyanidation wastes of the Salair
ore-refining plant (SORP), Russia, was studied. The objectives of this research were to: (i) reveal the level of contamination
of living organisms in the tailing ponds compared to a natural control site and (ii) calculate the weight of metals in aquatic
biomass to estimate the amount of metals transferring from the tailing ponds into the biogechemical cycle. The concentration
of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in the sediments of the tailing ponds is significantly higher than from the control site. Concentrations
of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in plant shoots were significantly higher than in the control and accumulated mainly in cell envelopes
and membranes. The concentration of Pb in fish liver and eggs were 41 and 7.5 times higher, respectively, than maximum allowable
concentrations.
The biomass distribution between producers and consumers of the tailing pond ecosystem is similar to those of natural pond
ecosystems. However, the weights of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in all trophic levels per hectare of the tailing pond are orders of
magnitude higher than those for Lake Baikal. The largest portion of metal circulates within the ecosystem of the Dyukov Ravine
Pond with a maximum of 5 to 13% of this amount transferred into the surrounding environment through the food chains. 相似文献
13.
典型岩溶区地下水系统重金属元素分布特征浅析——以广西坡月地下河为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地下河为岩溶地下水系统的重要组成部分,为查清典型岩溶区地下水系统中重金属指标的含量变化及空间分布特征,文章以广西坡月地下河系统为例,通过不同断面两次采样分析,重点剖析地下河系统在水文地球化学作用下,地下水中以“五毒”元素及Zn、Al和Mn为代表的重金属元素含量。分析结果表明:坡月地下河水体pH值在7.34～8.10 之间,水体中“五毒”元素、Zn、 Al和Mn的检出含量极低或未检出,质量浓度均远小于国家地下水环境质量标准中的Ⅲ类水质标准,适合各种用途。检出含量较高的点主要为地下河明流段或补给区地表水,含量最高分布在坡心地下河出口水体,其原因是坡心地下河系统区内工矿企业和其它经济活动干扰相对较强,特别是工矿企业的矿石和尾矿渣的露天堆放（如金矿）是引起地下水中重金属元素的检出或超标的重要因素。 相似文献
14.
重庆老龙洞地下河间隙水重金属污染及毒性评估 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为查明重庆岩溶地区老龙洞地下河重金属污染情况,于2013年9月采集了地下河上覆水体和表层沉积物间隙水共7组水样,用ICP-OES测定地下河上覆水体和表层沉积物间隙水中的Mn含量,ICP-MS测定Cu、Cd、Cr、As和Pb含量,分析了老龙洞地下河表层沉积物间隙水中各重金属元素的空间分布,对不同介质中的重金属元素进行相关性分析,并参考美国EPA推荐的“国家推荐水质标准”对间隙水中重金属可能产生的生物毒性进行评估。结果表明:老龙洞地下河上覆水体中Mn和Pb的浓度超过了GB 5749-2006规定的生活饮用水限值（Mn≤100 ug/L,Pb≤10 ug/L）,不可作为饮用水源;间隙水中各重金属元素的浓度都比上覆水体高,有向上覆水体扩散的潜在可能性。除Pb、Mn外,间隙水中重金属的含量大小依次为上游>中游>下游。上覆水中除Mn与As、Cd与Cr外,其他金属元素之间的相关性不大;间隙水中Cr、Cu、As和Cd的相关系数分别为0.895～0.997,呈高度正相关。间隙水中金属元素除As不会对水生生态系统产生急性毒性外,Cr、Cu、Cd和Pb都会对水生生态系统产生急性毒性,尤以Cr、Cu、Cd最为严重。 相似文献
15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(8):1533-1545
Spring waters were analysed in the field by anodic stripping voltammetry, using equipment which is sufficiently portable to be useful in a remote heavily forested area accessible by foot only. The equipment and techniques are capable of producing analyses on site to the μg/L level for labile metals. Field analysis avoids issues of sample storage and transport protocols that limit confidence in laboratory measurements of labile elements. Samples were taken as a feedback to immediate analysis resulting in a fine grid map of the geological site. Acid rock drainage emanates from a New Zealand historic mine site, with elevated concentrations of metals. However, ground water and surface water discharging naturally from mineralised rocks in the same area also have elevated levels of metals. This study quantifies natural metalliferous discharges from a single site, and compares this to the overall metal flux from the mine area. Acid (pH 3) metalliferous springs emanate from colluvium and bedrock in a young (months-old) landslide. Labile Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd are the environmentally most significant metals in the studied area. Labile metal concentrations observed in the natural springs are up to 24 μg/L Cu, up to 50 μg/L Pb, up to 5 μg/L Cd and up to 9 mg/L Zn. Labile Cu and Zn concentrations are similar to laboratory-determined total concentrations, whereas labile Pb and Cd concentrations are generally distinctly lower than total Pb and Cd concentrations. Four different spring water compositions occur within metres of each other: acid metalliferous water with high Pb, acid metalliferous water with low Pb, high Cu, Pb, Zn acid water and high pH water with elevated Cu. High metal concentrations in these waters are readily attenuated by adsorption to Fe oxyhydroxides (HFO), especially when rain raises spring water pH at the surface. Copper, Pb and Cd are >99% adsorbed, and Zn >95% adsorbed, during this rainfall dilution. Natural spring waters have potential to contribute up to 10% of the total Zn flux from the catchment, but negligible proportions of Cu, Pb and Cd. 相似文献
16.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(4):513-530
Soil samples taken from excavated pits on traverses across New Zealand’s Scott Base, Antarctica, were leached with water and 0.01 M HNO3 and the leachates analysed for Ag, Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The soils had high conductivity and pH values generally increasing with depth and in the range 8.3–10.1. The water leachate generally contained most of the extractable metals except Mn and Cd, and As. Linear relationships were observed between some metals leached into alkaline solution and the Fe in those solutions. The ratios to Fe were comparable to those of the host basanite, and this observation is interpreted as showing that these metals are incorporated in fine mineral particulates derived directly from the rock mass. Outliers in leachable metal concentrations in the soils indicated appreciable contamination of the soil from anthropogenic sources with Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn as well as As. In some locations high concentrations of Ag and Cd correspond to specific sources and drainage channels. High concentrations of Pb were widely spread and in the top soil layers whereas the elevated concentrations of Zn were distributed throughout the soil profiles indicating atmospheric sources and different mobilities within the soils. Transport within the soils is evident for some metals, as is lateral movement over and through the soils. 相似文献
17.
Retention ponds have been dug along some of the motorways in France to minimize environmental pollution by keeping pollutants
from spreading over the surrounding area. In the current work, eight core samples were collected from the bottom of a retention
pond located along the A-71 motorway in Sologne to study the pollution of sediment by heavy metals and their diagenetic behaviour.
The vertical concentration profiles of metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Fe and Mn) in sediment as well as in interstitial water were determined.
Especially in the case of the sediment, a sequential extraction method was employed to investigate how the movement of each
metal is associated with the other metals and with other solid phases such as organic matter. In addition, to investigate
the relative mobility of the metals, the distribution coefficients (KD) were also determined. The concentrations of the metals were always found to be highest in the topmost layer of sediment.
This so-called surface enrichment is caused by a substantial increase of the non-detrital fraction of these metals at the
sediment surface. For instance, the accumulation of Pb and Zn is associated with the increase in the "fraction II" in the
sequential extraction. The accumulation of Cd at the surface (0–2 cm) is partly due to the liberation of Cd from the particles
during early diagenesis. However, the major factor contributing to the accumulation of Cd at the sediment surface is attributed
to the dissolution of Cd from polluted roadside soil during the periods of rainstorms and its subsequent redeposition on the
sediment surface after being carried to the retention pond. KD values for Zn and Cd were found to decrease with depth, while KD values for Pb increased. Based on the KD values, the relative mobilities of the studied metals were determined to be as follows: Mn>Zn>Cd>Pb, for the upper layer,
and Mn>Cd>Zn>Pb, for the layers below.
Received: 28 October 1996 / Accepted: 21 November 1996 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》1998,13(3):359-368
Studies on the speciation (particulate, colloidal, anionic and cationic forms) of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) in the water column and in pore waters of the Gotland Deep following the 1993/94 salt-water inflows showed dramatic changes in the total “dissolved” metal concentrations and in the ratios between different metal species in the freshly re-oxygenated waters below 125 m. Changes in concentrations were greatest for those metals for which the solubility differs with the redox state (Fe, Mn, Co) but were also noted for those metals which form insoluble sulphides (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn) and/or stable complexes with natural ligands (Cu). Pore water data from segmented surface muds (0–200 mm) indicated that significant redox and related metal speciation changes took place in the surface sediments only a few weeks after the inflow of the oxygenated sea water into the Gotland Deep. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,90(3):157-165
A study was initiated to analyse metal flows from alum shale to the environment in an area in Öland, Sweden. The study was performed by elemental analysis and leaching experiments of alum shale together with analysis of groundwater and surface water samples.The metal concentrations in non-weathered alum shale were much higher than in weathered or burnt shale, especially for cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn), indicating a loss of metals during weathering or burning of the shale. The release of metals through weathering was clearly demonstrated by the leaching tests. A 36-week leaching period of non-weathered shale resulted in a drastic drop in pH and a significant increase in metal concentrations in the leachate. The metal concentrations in groundwater were inversely related to the pH. For surface waters, the concentrations of Cd, copper (Cu), Ni and Zn were generally increased compared to background values.In conclusion, metals are released through weathering or burning of alum shale, as well as from heaps of weathered or burnt shale. The release of metals is strongly related to low pH, especially for Cd, Ni and Zn. 相似文献