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东非鲁伍马盆地深水区构造-沉积演化过程及油气地质特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用深水区的二维、三维地震资料开展构造-沉积演化研究,鲁伍马盆地二叠纪—早侏罗世为冈瓦纳陆内—陆间裂谷活动期,发育河流—湖泊沉积;中侏罗世—早白垩世为马达加斯加漂移期,位于剪切型大陆边缘,发育海陆过渡相沉积;晚白垩世—渐新世为被动大陆边缘期,深水沉积广泛发育,重力流沉积延伸至戴维隆起带;中新世—第四纪为东非裂谷海域分支活动期,陆坡和凯瑞巴斯地堑发育深水重力流沉积。盆地垂向上形成"断—坳—断"结构,二叠纪—早侏罗世及中新世—现今发育两期明显的裂谷活动。马达加斯加漂移期的海相泥岩为深水区的主力烃源岩,古近纪的陆坡深水浊积砂体为主要储层。东非裂谷海域分支的断层活动沟通了下伏烃源岩,晚期断层不发育的西部陆坡成为主要的油气聚集区。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地东南缘中新生代变形史与构造演化 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
通过野外地质调查、地球物理资料解释和沉积相特征分析,构建了塔里木盆地东南缘地区地质大剖面。在平衡恢复的基础上,探讨了中新生代构造变形历史和盆地构造演化过程。结果表明,塔里木盆地东南缘经历了三叠纪末逆冲推覆变形,早侏罗世伸展变形,晚白垩世晚期-古近纪早期挤压变形,古近纪弱伸展变形和中新世以来逆冲-走滑变形;而塔东南地区盆地构造演化则经历了早侏罗世伸展断陷盆地阶段,中侏罗世-晚白垩世早期坳陷盆地阶段,晚白垩世晚期-古近纪早期挤压-抬升-剥蚀阶段,古近纪弱伸展盆地阶段和中新世以来陆内走滑型挤压挠曲盆地阶段等五个阶段的演化。 相似文献
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南海南沙海域沉积盆地构造演化与油气成藏规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
据钻井、地震剖面、区域地质及磁异常条带分析解释,南沙海域及其邻区的主要沉积盆地的形成演化受裂谷起始不整合面和破裂不整合面分隔,可分为前裂谷期、裂谷期和后裂谷期3个构造阶段。大中型油气藏相关数据的统计表明,南沙海域及邻区大中型油气藏的成藏要素和油气田发育受构造阶段控制。(1)烃源岩发育具有分期、分区特征,礼乐盆地发育前裂谷期、裂谷1幕烃源岩;万安、曾母、西北巴拉望盆地发育裂谷2幕烃源岩,文莱-沙巴盆地发育后裂谷期烃源岩。(2)储层发育具有分期、分带特征,表现为外带老(裂谷2幕)、内带新(后裂谷期)。(3)圈闭类型包括构造、岩性地层圈闭及构造-岩性地层等因素形成的复合圈闭,大致具有内带以地层圈闭为主,外带以构造圈闭为主的特征。(4)大中型油气田分布具有外带砂岩富油气、内带碳酸盐岩富气特点。(5)南沙海域及邻区发育两个后裂谷期主含油气区,即东部巴兰三角洲砂岩背斜油气区和西部卢卡尼亚碳酸盐台地气区。其中,大中型气田的成藏要素组合为裂谷2幕烃源岩、后裂谷期碳酸盐岩储层和地层圈闭;大中型油气田则为后裂谷期烃源岩、砂岩储层和背斜圈闭。 相似文献
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准南前陆盆地燕山期构造活动及其成藏意义 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
准南前陆盆地燕山期盆地格局的演变、沉积中心有规律的迁移、沉积特征(与构造活动相关的砾岩及其分布)显示晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期、晚白垩世是准南前陆盆地燕山期构造活动相对活跃的时期。晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期的喀拉扎砾岩、白垩系清水河组底砾岩为一套形成于邻近高地附近的剥蚀产物或冲积产物,其分布特征及成因是晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期局部挤压和构造隆升较为活跃的产物,也是盆地边界萎缩、盆山格局发生变化的重要证据,同时天山明显隆升并导致天山南北早白垩世沉积环境的巨大差异。准南前陆盆地烃源岩大量生排烃、圈闭形成、油气运聚成藏与燕山期构造活动关系密切;燕山期发育的储层是准南前陆盆地的主要油气储层,晚侏罗世—早白垩世早期砂砾岩和不整合分布也在一定程度上控制了油气分布,是今后寻找有利隐蔽油气藏、岩性地层油气藏的重要目标之一;燕山期古构造及其形成时间与油气成藏期的良好匹配决定其油气成藏的有效性。 相似文献
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华北克拉通东部早白垩世伸展盆地的发育过程及其对克拉通的破坏 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在晚侏罗世华北克拉通东部破坏之初出现了区域性隆起,全区缺失上侏罗统沉积。在早白垩世早期,出现了区域性的伸展活动,断陷盆地形成,克拉通南、北缘伸展活动最强,北部燕山构造带以出现变质核杂岩为特征,南部出现宽裂谷型盆地。早白垩世中期华北克拉通东部普遍出现了火山活动与岩浆侵入。早白垩世晚期克拉通上以出现窄裂谷型盆地为特征,沿北北东走向的郯庐断裂带断陷活动最强。这些断陷盆地的演化过程揭示,经历地表抬升后,克拉通破坏之初的岩石圈热而弱,从而形成变质核杂岩或宽裂谷型盆地。这期间的破坏强度在空间上具有不均匀分布的特征,受控于早期岩石圈地幔的结构。经过早白垩世中期的大量岩浆活动之后,早白垩世晚期克拉通岩石圈温度降低、强度变大,从而利用早期大型断裂构造形成窄裂谷型盆地。这现象支持华北克拉通东部晚中生代的岩石圈减薄是以逐渐拆沉机制为主。 相似文献
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华北克拉通东部早白垩世伸展盆地的发育过程及其对克拉通破坏的指示 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在晚侏罗世华北克拉通东部破坏之初出现了区域性隆起,全区缺失上侏罗统沉积.在早白垩世早期.出现了区域性的伸展活动,断陷盆地形成,克拉通南、北缘伸展活动最强,北部燕山构造带以出现变质核杂岩为特征,南部出现宽裂谷型盆地.早白垩世中期华北克拉通东部普遍出现了火山活动与岩浆侵入.早白垩世晚期克拉通上以出现窄裂谷型盆地为特征.沿北北东走向的郯庐断裂带断陷活动最强.这些断陷盆地的演化过程揭示,经历地表抬升后,克拉通破坏之初的岩石圈热而弱,从而形成变质核杂岩或宽裂谷型盆地.这期间的破坏强度在空间上具有不均匀分布的特征.受控于早期岩石圈地幔的结构.经过早白垩世中期的大量岩浆活动之后,早白垩世晚期克拉通岩石圈温度降低、强度变大.从而利用早期大型断裂构造形成窄裂谷型盆地.这些现象支持华北克拉通东部晚中生代的岩石圈减薄是以逐渐拆沉机制为主. 相似文献
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内蒙西部银根-额济纳中生代盆地群叠置类型与勘探领域 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
内蒙西部银根-额济纳盆地群是在前古生代基底上发育起来的中、新生代“叠置型”盆地群。构造演化经历了三叠纪的热拱隆张阶段、早中侏罗世的初始裂谷盆地阶段、早白垩世的裂谷盆地发育阶段、晚白垩世的引张坳陷阶段、第三纪到第四纪的陆内聚敛挤压阶段。主要形成了下白垩统半深湖相烃源岩,其次为中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩。根据构造层之间的叠置关系,可划分为完全叠置型、基本叠置型、迁移叠置型3种盆地(凹陷)类型。不同叠置类型盆地(凹陷)的烃源岩发育特征、各类圈闭发育特征不同,油气成藏条件差别较大,勘探方向和勘探领域不同。根据裂谷小湖盆的沉积发育特征,应围绕沉积“洼槽”中心的烃源岩开展近源勘探,分别指出了不同叠置型盆地(凹陷)的勘探领域:叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以控盆断裂带的滚动背斜、缓坡带的岩性、地层不整合圈闭为主要勘探领域;基本叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以中央断裂隆起构造带的断鼻、断块圈闭为主要勘探领域;迁移叠置型盆地(凹陷)主要以不整合圈闭和缓坡带的岩性圈闭为主要勘探领域。 相似文献
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南海南沙海域主要盆地含油气系统特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
南沙海域主要盆地含油气系统及其成藏要素受构造演化阶段控制和影响,表现为不同类型盆地的充填却具有类似的特点,即同期地层沉积特征相似且起分隔作用的不整合年龄相当。主要盆地经历了古近纪—早中新世裂谷期和中中新世以来的后裂谷期构造发展阶段,发育4种各具特色的含油气系统:(1)万安盆地西部发育裂谷早期湖相含油气系统;(2)万安盆地东部、曾母盆地巴林坚地区、礼乐盆地和西北巴拉望盆地发育裂谷晚期海侵三角洲含油气系统;(3)曾母盆地中、西卢卡尼亚和东纳土纳发育后裂谷早期海相含油气系统;(4)文莱-沙巴盆地发育后裂谷晚期海退三角洲含油气系统。烃源岩以中新统泥岩为主;煤系仅对气有贡献;其中海陆过渡相烃源岩占主导地位;海相烃源岩对油的贡献约占一半;陆相烃源岩贡献微弱。储层以上中新统砂岩、中—上中新统灰岩为主;前者聚油,后者聚气。聚油圈闭以构造为主,其次是地层-构造圈闭;聚气圈闭则依次为地层、地层-构造和构造;基岩圈闭常为前裂谷期的裂缝性火成岩或变质岩。 相似文献
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Gondwana breakup: no evidence for a Davie Fracture Zone offshore northern Mozambique,Tanzania and Kenya 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Plate tectonic reconstructions assume a major inactive transform fault, the Davie Fracture Zone, in the West Somali Basin, along which Madagascar is thought to have migrated southwards following Gondwana breakup in the Mesozoic. Based on the interpretation of reflection seismic data, we show that the Walu Ridge offshore Kenya and the Kerimbas Basin offshore northern Mozambique are tectonically unrelated to the southward motion of Madagascar and correlate with Late Cretaceous volcanism and inversion in Kenya and the evolution of the East African Rift System respectively. Offshore Tanzania, geophysical data do not show basement structures indicating the presence of a major transform fault. These results challenge the commonly supported transform margin concept and imply a more southerly pre‐breakup position of Madagascar within Gondwana. Opening of the West Somali Basin by SW‐propagating oblique rifting and seafloor spreading is proposed. 相似文献
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大杨树盆地的构造特征及变形期次 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大杨树盆地是叠置于大兴安岭造山带的东部,与松辽盆地紧邻,呈北北东向长条带状展布的中新生代断陷-坳陷型盆地。大杨树盆地经历了多期变形作用,具有以伸展构造为主、并被挤压构造和反转构造叠加的构造特征。早白垩世龙江期主要受到了NWW—SEE向的拉伸作用,形成一系列北北东向控陷犁式正断层组合,在控陷断层的上盘发育小型箕状断陷;早白垩世九峰山期,大杨树盆地受挤压作用控制,使早期形成的断陷盆地发生反转作用,形成正反转构造,同时在某些地段形成逆冲断层和断层传播褶皱;早白垩世甘河期,大杨树盆地再次受到伸展作用,形成了一系列北北东向小型断陷。早白垩世晚期(甘河期之后)—晚白垩世早期,大杨树盆地受到强烈的挤压作用,使早期控陷正断层出现正反转作用,在盆地的浅部形成大型断层传播褶皱,使大杨树盆地全面隆升遭受剥蚀。第四纪大杨树盆地具有伸展的特征,发育一系列小型伸展断陷。 相似文献
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《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2011,31(3-4):134-150
Located in the centre of the Argentinean Patagonia between 46° and 49°S, the Deseado Region represents the foreland domain of the Southern Patagonian Andes. Its geology is characterized by thick Mesozoic sequences which, at its eastern sector, present a Mesozoic and Cenozoic geologic evolution which has been strongly determined by the development of three major tectonic phases. The present research is based on field geological mapping, interpretation of seismic and aeromagnetic data, as well as satellite image analysis. This approach has allowed us to identify and characterize the deformation that occurred throughout Jurassic, Cretaceous and Miocene times. We interpret that the most relevant structural features are the result of normal faulting generated as a response to the Jurassic rifting stage. These extensional features have strongly influenced the subsequent geometry and distribution of younger Cretaceous and Cenozoic structures.The Jurassic extensional deformation, which affected major areas of Southern Gondwana, is the product of a major intra-continental rifting stage which was accompanied by synkinematic volcanism. This tectonic regime is characterized by SW-NE directed extension that generated major oblique WNW trending faults accommodating regional dextral-extension. In the study area, this tectonic regime is inferred from the geometries of major fault systems interpreted from available seismic reflection data, as well as from the spatial distribution and orientation of the extensional fracturing associated with the opening of hybrid and dilatational siliceous epithermal Au–Ag veins.Following the Jurassic rifting stage, a more restricted Cretaceous -post-Neocomian-compressional tectonic phase took place. Throughout this period, we interpret the previously formed Jurassic extensional structures to have been reactivated under sinistral transpression. Deformation during this period generated sinistral-reverse WNW belts of deformation, which accommodated reverse faulting, imbricate thrusts, dextral and sinistral R1 and R2 shears and disharmonic folds due to a buttress effect.Under the post-Oligocene Andean regime, W–E directed compression acted on previously-formed N to NNE-oriented normal faults. Compression and shortening uplifted a series of narrow and sub-meridional ranges which run as a 200 km long inversion-related tectonic front along the Patagonian foreland. Between 47°11′ and 48°40′S, one of these NNE ranges divides the entire Deseado Region into two distinctive structural domains. Whilst the western domain presents dominant NNW morphotectonic features, that to the east appears highly dominated by WNW fabrics of Jurassic and Cretaceous age.The structural features of the Eastern domain appear to extend further north of the Deseado Region towards the vicinity of the San Jorge Gulf. This WNW-trending belt hosts pre-Upper Cretaceous rocks and pre-drift basement rocks which include igneous Paleozoic metamorphic rocks and Permian to Triassic sedimentary units.The Deseado region’s epithermal Au–Ag Jurassic vein systems result from the infilling and deposition of low temperature hydrothermal fluids within dilatational and hybrid structures. These spectacular vein systems are compatible with the regional SW-NE extension direction controlled by the Jurassic intra-continental rifting of southern Gondwana. Dilatational and hybrid veins are preferentially hosted by fractures in the Jurassic volcanic rocks, while the veins located within the pre-volcanic basement preferentially infill normal faults. Finally, most of these epithermal vein fields where exhumed during a moderate phase of inversion during Cretaceous times. 相似文献
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The study provides a regional seismic interpretation and mapping of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic succession of the Lusitanian Basin and the shelf and slope area off Portugal. The seismic study is compared with previous studies of the Lusitanian Basin. From the Late Triassic to the Cretaceous the study area experienced four rift phases and intermittent periods of tectonic quiescence. The Triassic rifting was concentrated in the central part of the Lusitanian Basin and in the southernmost part of the study area, both as symmetrical grabens and half-grabens. The evolution of half-grabens was particularly prominent in the south. The Triassic fault-controlled subsidence ceased during the latest Late Triassic and was succeeded by regional subsidence during the early Early Jurassic (Hettangian) when deposition of evaporites took place. A second rift phase was initiated in the Early Jurassic, most likely during the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian. This resulted in minor salt movements along the most prominent faults. The second phase was concentrated to the area south of the Nazare Fault Zone and resulted here in the accumulation of a thick Sinemurian–Callovian succession. Following a major hiatus, probably as a result of the opening of the Central Atlantic, resumed deposition occurred during the Late Jurassic. Evidence for Late Jurassic fault-controlled subsidence is widespread over the whole basin. The pattern of Late Jurassic subsidence appears to change across the Nazare Fault Zone. North of the Nazare Fault, fault-controlled subsidence occurred mainly along NNW–SSE-trending faults and to the south of this fault zone a NNE–SSW fault pattern seems to dominate. The Oxfordian rift phase is testified in onlapping of the Oxfordian succession on salt pillows which formed in association with fault activity. The fourth and final rift phase was in the latest Late Jurassic or earliest Early Cretaceous. The Jurassic extensional tectonism resulted in triggering of salt movement and the development of salt structures along fault zones. However, only salt pillow development can be demonstrated. The extensional tectonics ceased during the Early Cretaceous. During most of the Cretaceous, regional subsidence occurred, resulting in the deposition of a uniform Lower and Upper Cretaceous succession. Marked inversion of former normal faults, particularly along NE–SW-trending faults, and development of salt diapirs occurred during the Middle Miocene, probably followed by tectonic pulses during the Late Miocene to present. The inversion was most prominent in the central and southern parts of the study area. In between these two areas affected by structural inversion, fault-controlled subsidence resulted in the formation of the Cenozoic Lower Tagus Basin. Northwest of the Nazare Fault Zone the effect of the compressional tectonic regime quickly dies out and extensional tectonic environment seems to have prevailed. The Miocene compressional stress was mainly oriented NW–SE shifting to more N–S in the southern part. 相似文献
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The Blue Nile Basin, situated in the Northwestern Ethiopian Plateau, contains ∼1400 m thick Mesozoic sedimentary section underlain by Neoproterozoic basement rocks and overlain by Early–Late Oligocene and Quaternary volcanic rocks. This study outlines the stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Blue Nile Basin based on field and remote sensing studies along the Gorge of the Nile. The Blue Nile Basin has evolved in three main phases: (1) pre‐sedimentation phase, include pre‐rift peneplanation of the Neoproterozoic basement rocks, possibly during Palaeozoic time; (2) sedimentation phase from Triassic to Early Cretaceous, including: (a) Triassic–Early Jurassic fluvial sedimentation (Lower Sandstone, ∼300 m thick); (b) Early Jurassic marine transgression (glauconitic sandy mudstone, ∼30 m thick); (c) Early–Middle Jurassic deepening of the basin (Lower Limestone, ∼450 m thick); (d) desiccation of the basin and deposition of Early–Middle Jurassic gypsum; (e) Middle–Late Jurassic marine transgression (Upper Limestone, ∼400 m thick); (f) Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous basin‐uplift and marine regression (alluvial/fluvial Upper Sandstone, ∼280 m thick); (3) the post‐sedimentation phase, including Early–Late Oligocene eruption of 500–2000 m thick Lower volcanic rocks, related to the Afar Mantle Plume and emplacement of ∼300 m thick Quaternary Upper volcanic rocks. The Mesozoic to Cenozoic units were deposited during extension attributed to Triassic–Cretaceous NE–SW‐directed extension related to the Mesozoic rifting of Gondwana. The Blue Nile Basin was formed as a NW‐trending rift, within which much of the Mesozoic clastic and marine sediments were deposited. This was followed by Late Miocene NW–SE‐directed extension related to the Main Ethiopian Rift that formed NE‐trending faults, affecting Lower volcanic rocks and the upper part of the Mesozoic section. The region was subsequently affected by Quaternary E–W and NNE–SSW‐directed extensions related to oblique opening of the Main Ethiopian Rift and development of E‐trending transverse faults, as well as NE–SW‐directed extension in southern Afar (related to northeastward separation of the Arabian Plate from the African Plate) and E–W‐directed extensions in western Afar (related to the stepping of the Red Sea axis into Afar). These Quaternary stress regimes resulted in the development of N‐, ESE‐ and NW‐trending extensional structures within the Blue Nile Basin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Multistage rifting evolution of the Colorado basin (offshore Argentina): Evidence for extensional settings prior to the South Atlantic opening 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Juan Pablo Lovecchio Sébastien Rohais Philippe Joseph Néstor D. Bolatti Pedro R. Kress Ricardo Gerster Víctor A. Ramos 《地学学报》2018,30(5):359-368
The identification of three independent rifting events in the Colorado basin area highlights the complexity of its Mesozoic rifting history, which ended in the Early Cretaceous with the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. A first rifting event, associated with the extensional reactivation of previously compressive thrusts of the Ventania‐Cape fold belt, is transected by faults forming the main depocenters of the Colorado and possibly the adjacent Salado basin. The second and main rifting stage is correlated with the Early Jurassic Karoo rifting. In the Early Cretaceous, WNW–ESE extension produced NNE‐trending landward‐dipping faults, concentrated in the outer 100–200 km of the continental crust domain, possibly coeval with SDR emplacement. This is the first identification of three superimposed rifting settings in the southern South Atlantic realm and is key to understanding the complex Mesozoic breakup history of SW Gondwana. 相似文献
17.
Yolande Razafindrazaka Thogne Randriamananjara Alain Piqu Catherine Thouin Edgard Laville Jacques Malod Jean-Pierre Rhault 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》1999,28(4):949-959
The Majunga Basin is located in the northwestern part of Madagascar with a N45–60°E trending axis. It was filled by almost exclusively continental Karoo Supergroup sediments, which are Permian to Early Jurassic in age, and by younger sequences, mainly marine, that were deposited from the Middle Jurassic to the present.The Karoo Basin geometry is deduced from the analysis of seismic sections. A central northeast trending horst is flanked by two sub-basins. Deposition of the Karoo sequences was controlled by these northeast trending faults. On the contrary, the Middle Jurassic to present sequences witness only a slight tilting of the basement towards the northwest.The development of the Majunga Basin includes, therefore, two successive stages. In the synrift episode, from Permian to Early Jurassic times, the sedimentation was syntectonic, controlled by synsedimentary faulting and the creation of a horst and graben extensive pattern. The postrift episode started during the Middle Jurassic.These two stages of the Majunga Basin development correspond to the geodynamic evolution recorded elsewhere in this part of the Gondwana. 相似文献
18.
山东鲁西地块断裂构造分布型式与中生代沉积—岩浆—构造演化序列 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
鲁西地块的断裂构造有两类不同分布型式:一类呈放射状分布, 由陡倾、基底右行韧性剪切带和盖层内复杂力学性质的断裂组成; 另一类呈环绕地块基底核部同心环状分布, 由3个主要盖层伸展拆离带组成, 主滑脱面分别位于古生界盖层与基底间的不整合面、石炭系与奥陶系之间的平行不整合面和中新生代断陷-沉积岩系与新生代火山-沉积物之间的断层。中生代构造变形样式可以分为3个层次:印支期褶皱-逆冲推覆构造、燕山中期NNE轴向的隔槽式箱状褶皱和燕山晚期NW、NNE向共轭正断-走滑断裂。相应地鲁西地块经历了3个成盆期, 即早-中侏罗世、早白垩世和晚白垩世, 这些中生代盆地在空间上的叠置导致了地块内部复杂的盆-山耦合关系。鲁西地块中生代有两个岩浆活动集中时期, 即早侏罗世(约190Ma)和早白垩世(132~110Ma)。综合沉积记录、岩浆活动和构造变形过程, 将鲁西地块中生代构造演化历史划分为6个阶段:晚三叠世挤压变形, 早、中侏罗世弱伸展作用, 中、晚侏罗世挤压变形与地壳增厚作用, 早白垩世大陆裂谷与地壳伸展作用, 早白垩世末期挤压变形与盆地反转事件和晚白垩世区域隆升。这些构造演化阶段和构造事件对研究和理解中生代构造体制和深部岩石圈动力学转换过程具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001095 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
During the Late Mesozoic Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous,basin and range tectonics and associated magmatism representative of an extensional tectonic setting was widespread in southeastern China as a r... 相似文献