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Yimin Wang Xiaohong Wang Wenjun Qu Yushu Gao Tiexin Gu Xingtao Fan S.I. Andreev Xuefa Shi 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2011,35(3):341-352
Two Co‐rich seamount crust reference materials, MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2, were prepared using ultra‐fine particle size milling technique and characterised for the platinum‐group elements (PGEs). The raw material for these two reference materials was collected separately from the Magellan seamounts of the western Pacific Ocean and the seamounts of the central Pacific Ocean by Russian and Chinese scientists. First, they were ground by ball mill to a ?200 mesh powder, then further processed by ultra‐fine jet mill and well‐mixed. The particle size distributions of the samples were tested by a laser particle analyser; the average particle size was 1.8 and 1.5 μm (equal to about 2000 mesh) respectively. The homogeneity of six major and minor elements in these two materials was tested at the milligram level of sampling mass by high‐precision wavelength dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry and at the microgram level of sampling mass by electron probe microanalyser. The homogeneity of more than forty trace elements, including Pt, was tested at the microgram level of sampling mass by LA‐ICP‐MS. Except for Rh, all PGEs were determined by isotope dilution‐ICP‐MS. Platinum in MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2 was characterised as certified values, whereas the other five PGEs in MCPt‐1 and MCPt‐2 were reported as reference values. In addition, the information values of sixty‐two major, minor and trace elements were obtained by XRF, ICP‐AES and ICP‐MS. The minimum sampling mass for the determination of PGEs was 1 g, while the minimum sampling mass for the determination of the other elements was 2–5 mg. 相似文献
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用于铂族元素分析的中外地质标准物质 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
标准物质作为地质分析的计量标准,在分析质量监控、仪器校准、方法评价和仲裁分析中发挥着重要作用。铂族元素分析一直是地质材料分析中最棘手的任务之一,铂族元素标准物质研制困难,数量少,严重影响了对铂族元素分析方法的评价和分析数据的质量监控,成为铂族金属矿产资源勘查、评价和相关研究工作的瓶颈。收集了中国及国际上现有的34个铂族元素标准物质和52个其他地球化学标准物质中的101个铂族元素定值数据。为便于使用也收集了这些标准物质中其他元素的含量信息,给出了铂族各元素按含量大小排列的信息简表以方便选择。充分利用这些标准物质对促进铂族元素分析方法研究,保证铂族元素分析数据质量,提高中国和世界铂族金属矿产资源勘查、评价及研究水平具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Zongqi Zou Zaicong Wang Huai Cheng Tao He Yinuo Liu Kang Chen Zhaochu Hu Yongsheng Liu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):501-521
Desilicification elevates extraction of Re and platinum‐group elements (PGEs) from many geological reference materials (RMs), but the extent to which it affects less chalcophile elements has been investigated rarely. To further evaluate the effect of desilicification, mass fractions of elements with variable chalcophile affinities (In, Cd, Cu, Ag, S, Se, Te, Re and PGEs) in different RMs were obtained by isotope dilution and digestion procedures involving HF‐HNO3 in bombs versus HNO3‐HCl in Carius tubes. The results show that the extraction efficiencies of HF‐desilicification vary in different RMs and for different elements. HF‐desilicification led to a significant increase (30–70%) for In and Cd mass fractions in all analysed RMs, but it played a negligible role in other strongly chalcophile elements in many samples (e.g., UB‐N and WGB‐1). Noticeably, desilicification led to a 10–30% increase in the mass fractions of Cu, Ag, S, Se and Te in BHVO‐2 and BIR‐1a, but less so in BCR‐2. These results could be attributed mainly to the variable chalcophile affinities of elements and their relative budget in sulfides, alloys and silicates. Desilicification should thus be preferred to determine chalcophile elements for most samples, except in cases where they are negligibly hosted in silicates. 相似文献
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中国与世界铂族元素地球化学标准物质评介 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
铂族元素分析一直是地质材料分析中最棘手的任务之一,是铂族金属矿产资源勘查、评价和相关研究工作的瓶颈。铂族元素标准物质作为铂族元素分析的计量标准,在分析质量监控、分析仪器校准、分析方法评价和仲裁分析中发挥着重要作用。笔者等评介了我国研制的超基性岩和铬铁矿铂族元素标准物质、铂族元素地球化学标准物质、铂族元素矿石标准物质和海山富钴结壳铂族元素标准物质共4个系列21个标准物质,也给出了其他地球化学标准物质中铂族元素的定值数据;并与南非、加拿大、俄罗斯和岩石矿物分析标准国际工作组(GIT-IWG)研制的13个铂族元素标准物质及其他国际地球化学标准物质中铂族元素的数据进行了对比。这些标准物质的研制与应用将大大提高铂族元素分析数据的可靠性,为我国和世界铂族金属矿产资源勘查、评价及研究提供了有力的技术支撑。 相似文献
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锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定煌斑岩中铂族元素 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
试金配料中适量加入铁粉,控制硫化铁在锍扣中的含量在20%~40%,获得的锍扣直接用水浸泡粉化后加盐酸分解,分解结束后趁热过滤,沉淀用1mL王水溶解,定容后上机测定,Cs作内标。改进后的方法空白水平进一步降低,检出限得到显著改善,分析流程简化。采用改进后的锍镍试金富集-等离子体质谱法测定了云南哀牢山金矿带煌斑岩和国家一级标准物质GBW 07288(GPt-1)、GBW 07290(GPt-3)中的铂族元素(PGEs)含量,方法检出限为0.001~0.01ng/g,精密度(RSD,n=5)为7.49%~16.6%。 相似文献
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岩石样品中低含量铂族元素和锇同位素比值的高精度测量方法 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
铂族元素（Os,Ir,Pt,Ru,Rh,Pd)具有强亲铁性和强亲铜性，为一组地球化学性质相近的相容元素，铂族元素包含两个同位素衰变体系（^190Pt-^186Os和^187Re-^187Os)。近年来，铂族元素和Re-Os同位素在研究各类不同地持作用过程中，尤其是在地幔岩石的研究中，作用独特，效果显著。由于地幔岩石的铂族元素含量较低，因此高精度，高灵敏度的分析测试方法的研究就显得十分重要。以往的分析方法（如常规的ICP－MS和中子活化分析方法），对含10^-9-10^012级低含量铂族元素的产品分析精度一般较差（＞15％－100％）。所采用的分析流程通常也无法同时获得样品的铂族元素含量和Os同位素比值。本文采用新的熔样方法（HAP－S高温高压釜酸溶法），新的化学流程（溶剂萃取和阴离子交换树脂柱）和新的分析仪器（多接收等离子体质谱MC－ICPMS和负离子热电离质谱N－TIMS）。用同位素稀释法对低含量地幔橄榄岩样品同时测定的铂族元素含量和Os同位素比值，获得了高精度的分析结果。对所分析的地橄榄样品中的铂族元素分配曲线和Os同位素组成的地质意义进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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A method for the determination of total sulfur in geological materials by inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) is described. We show that good results were obtained using this method even for sample types with very low (< 20 μg g?1) sulfur concentration (e.g., peridotite). Sulfur was determined in fifteen geological reference materials with different sulfur contents. For reference materials with certified sulfur contents, the ICP‐OES method gave results in excellent agreement with certified values, and uncertainties better than 4% RSD. ICP‐OES results for sulfur in other reference materials yielded RSDs better than 10%, where S concentrations were > 100 μg g?1 (except for diabase W‐2a, 16% RSD). Reference materials with lower sulfur contents (< 40 μg g?1) showed much higher RSDs (17–18%). Except for RMs with certified values for sulfur, most data obtained by the combustion infrared detection method generally showed higher concentrations than those measured by ICP‐OES and a better RSD (≤ 8% for all materials except DTS‐2b). 相似文献
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混合吸附剂分离富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中铂钯金 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
贵金属分析应用火试金法分离富集时,试金配料复杂、耗时较长,分析成本相对较高,空白较难控制.本文建立了采用过氧化氢-盐酸湿法分解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定地质样品中Pt、Pd、Au的分析方法.在10％的盐酸介质中,以LSC-400巯基树脂和活性炭为混合吸附剂,采用动态吸附方式对样品中的Pt、Pd、Au分离富集,用Lu作内标元素,195 Pt、197 Au、108 Pd为待测同位素消除了非谱线干扰和谱线干扰,三元素的回收率均大于96.4％.方法检出限(3σ):Pt为0.06 ng/g,Pd为0.08 ng/g,Au为0.12 ng/g,优于火试金等其他分离富集方法的检出限.应用于测定国家标准物质,Pt、Pd、Au的测定结果与标准值相符,12次测定的相对标准偏差均小于16.1％,满足区域地球化学调查样品的分析要求.该方法操作简便、成本低廉,提高了分析速度,有效地降低了测试过程的空白值. 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体质谱分析通古斯大爆炸地区沉积物中超痕量铂族元素 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
建立了一个用酸（HF、HCI、HNO3、HCIO4）溶解通古斯地区沉积物样品，以Re为内标元素，用电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP－MS）测定其中铂族元素的分析方法。方法检出限为0．001－0．06μg/L，回收率大于85％。用该方法分析了9个取自通古斯地区的沉积物样品，发现了Ru、Rh、Pd、Ir、Pt等元素的异常。 相似文献
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Li Bing Ma Xinrong Han Lirong Yang Hongxia 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2004,28(2):317-323
A simple sample treatment method for the accurate and precise determination of iodine in soil, sediment and biological samples by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is described. Iodine in samples was extracted in screw top PTFE-lined stainless steel bombs using a 10% v/v ammonia solution at 185 C for 18 hours (overnight), after which the extract was introduced into the ICP-MS for direct measurement. 126 Te was employed as the internal standard to compensate for matrix effects and instrument drift. The limit of detection (LOD, three times the standard deviation of the procedural blank solution, expressed as the concentration in the sample solution) was 0.003 ng ml--1 . The limit of quantitation (LOQ, ten times the standard deviation of the procedural blank solution, expressed as the concentration in the solid samples, dilution factor DF = 100) was 0.01 μg g--1 (dry mass). The accuracy and precision of the method were demonstrated by analysing different Chinese geological certified reference materials (soils, stream sediments and a hair sample). The measured concentrations were in a good agreement with the certified values indicating that bias in the method was not significant. The precision (n = 10) for different concentrations ranged from 1.82% to 4.32% RSD. Comparison of the ammonia extraction procedure with a "sintering" method indicated that there was no significant difference in results obtained with the two methods for geological soil and stream sediment samples. However, for biological samples, such as hair, kelp, tea etc., the results obtained by the sintering method were far below those of the ammonia extraction method. The ammonia extraction has advantages, as it is simpler than the "sintering" method, and has a lower procedural blank, better detection limits and reproducibility. Due to the simplicity of the method, a high rate of sample throughput is possible. 相似文献
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Determination of Major/ Minor and Trace Elements in Seamount Phosphorite by XRF Spectrometry 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Xiaohong Wang Guohui Li Qin Zhang Yimin Wang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2004,28(1):81-88
In this paper, a method developed to determine the major, minor and trace elements, including carbon and the four halogens, in seamount phosphorite involving a modern XRF spectrometry technique is described. Ultra-fine (99% v/v < 40 μm) powder samples (4 g) were directly pressed into pellets (Φ= 30 mm). For elements having an analytical line lower in energy than the energy of Fe Kα line absorption edge, the inter-element absorption-enhancement effects were corrected using an influence coefficient method. For the other elements, the matrix effects were corrected using the ratio of element peak to Rh Kα Compton peak (for I, Rh K|3 Compton peak was used instead). The relative standard deviation was smaller than 1.0% for the major elements (except C, Na and Cl). The detection limit levels of C, F, Cl, Br and I were 30, 20, 0.8, 0.2 and 0.3 (μg g−1 respectively for 100 s count time of background. The accuracy of this method was tested by evaluating determinations on three certified reference materials. The direct analysis of major and minor elements in geological materials by pressed pellet without any chemical procedures makes XRF spectrometry a particularly environment-friendly analytical technique. 相似文献
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The platinum-group elements (PGE) and gold have been determined in twenty international rock reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after pre-concentration by a nickel sulfide fire assay. It was possible to achieve determination limits for a 50 g sample that ranged from 1 pg g-1 (Rh) to 23 pg g-1 (Au). Compared to published certified and recommended values for rock reference materials, the trueness of the method was found to be good. However, in some cases we observed large deviations for all elements in the sub 10 ng g-1 range within individual reference sample splits. Our results show that the PGE and Au are inhomogeneously distributed in the reference materials analysed here, where they are present in low concentrations, using 50 g test portions. 相似文献
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Geological reference materials (RMs) with variable compositions and NIST SRM 612 were analysed by isotope dilution mass spectrometry for bulk rock concentrations of chalcogen elements (sulfur, selenium and tellurium), rhenium and platinum‐group elements (PGEs: Ru, Pd, Os, Ir and Pt), including the isotope amount ratios of 187Os/188Os. All concentrations were obtained from the same aliquot after HCl‐HNO3 digestion in a high pressure asher at 320 °C. Concentrations were determined after chemical separation by negative TIMS, ICP‐MS and hydride generation ICP‐MS (Se, Te). As in previous studies, concentrations of the PGEs in most RMs were found to be highly variable, which may be ascribed to sample heterogeneity at the < 1 g level. In contrast, S, Se and Te displayed good precision (RSD < 5%) in most RMs, suggesting that part of the PGE budget is controlled by different phases, compared with the chalcogen budget. The method may minimise losses of volatile chalcogens during the closed‐system digestion and indicates the different extent of heterogeneity of chalcogens, Re and PGEs in the same sample aliquot. OKUM, SCo‐1, MRG‐1, DR‐N and MAG‐1 are useful RMs for the chalcogens. NIST SRM 612 displays homogenous distribution of S, Se, Te, Pt and Pd in 30 mg aliquots, in contrast with micro‐scale heterogeneity of Se, Pd and Pt. 相似文献
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锍镍试金-等离子体质谱法测定地球化学勘探样品中的铂族元素和金Ⅰ．分析流程的简化 总被引：22，自引：8，他引：22
报道了一个改进的锍镍试金一等离子体质谱测定铂族元素和金的分析流程，用封闭溶解贵金属硫化物滤渣与同位素稀释法测锇相结合，解决了包括锇在内的全部铂族元素和金的测定，避免了锇的蒸馏分离和（或）单独测定，简化了分析流程，以适应大批量化探样品的要求，用所拟方法分析了标准物质中铂族元素和金，其结果与参考值相符。 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定富镁铁橄榄岩类矿石中铜镍铁和氧化镁 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
样品经氢氟酸-盐酸-硝酸-高氯酸混合酸一次加入冷浸直接溶解,在5%(体积分数)的盐酸介质中,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定富镁铁橄榄岩类矿石中的铜、镍、铁、氧化镁,克服了传统分析方法操作繁琐、周期长、成本高,而过程难以控制等缺点。方法检出限为铜2.0μg/g,镍3.0μg/g,铁10μg/g,氧化镁20μg/g;精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.8%～4.1%。经国家一级标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值吻合,结果准确可靠。对于富镁铁岩类矿石中含量较高的硫化物的测定,采用一次加混合酸冷浸除硫后,再加热分解样品,结果令人满意;其中含量较高的铁和氧化镁,采用分取稀释测定,减小基体干扰。建立的方法样品处理程序简单快速,线性范围宽,分析重现性好,适用于地质部门批量样品的分析。 相似文献
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黑色页岩样品中痕量级铂族元素地球化学成分标准物质研制 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
介绍了黑色页岩样品中6个铂族元素铂、钯、钌、锇、铑、铱的标准物质研制过程。黑色页岩样品采自贵州黄家湾,为一次采集、一次混样的原始样品,随机抽取包装好后的样品进行检验与定值。均匀性、稳定性符合要求后,按照国际标准化组织(ISO)34、35指南的基本要求和我国一级标准物质的技术规范,采用多个实验室协同测试的定值方式,利用不同原理的分析方法对此样品的6个铂族元素进行定值。以各实验室组数据作为最小统计单元,用Grubbs准则、Dixon法检验剔除离群数据,Shapiro-Wilk法检验各元素数据分布的正态性。检验结果100%的元素呈正态或近似正态分布。定值的6个元素均符合标准值水平。 相似文献
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In order to determine rare earth elements (REE) in coastal seawater and groundwater samples using an inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometer, a time-efficient chelating resin column method has been widely used for small water volumes (<100 mL).
We obtained improved, quantitative (>95%) results for extracting REE from most of the seawater (including the certified reference
materials) and groundwater samples at extraction conditions of pH 5.8–6.0, flow rates <1.2 mL min−1, and 1.2 g of wet resin weight (Chelex 100, Bio-Rad, 7 mm diameter). However, we often encountered large fractionations of
HREE (heavy REE) relative to LREE (light REE) associated with chelating resin extraction for some organic-rich coastal seawater
samples. This fractionation could be due to unidentified complexation of HREE with natural organic substances in water samples.
Our results imply that many previous observations reporting the natural fractionation of HREE using this method could have
been misleading. Thus, we suggest that the quantitative (>95%) extraction of REE should be confirmed by using either one of
the HREE (i.e., Tm) as a spike or isotope dilution for natural aqueous samples which have large matrix effects. 相似文献
20.
微波消解-化学蒸气发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定铁矿石中的痕量砷和汞 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用HCl-HNO3混合酸(体积比1∶1)微波消解铁矿样品,在消解后的样品母液中直接加入硫脲-抗坏血酸,预还原五价砷为三价砷,消除铁和其他共存离子对砷、汞测定的干扰,采用化学蒸气发生-双道原子荧光光谱法同时测定铁矿石中的痕量砷和汞。结果表明5%的HCl-HNO3混合酸(体积比1∶1)、20 g/L硼氢化钾溶液能有效保证砷、汞双元素的同时测定,制备的砷、汞标准使用溶液在2～5℃下密闭保存,在245 d内具有稳定性。砷的检出限为0.085μg/L,汞的检出限为0.008μg/L。通过分析5个铁矿石有证标准物质,测定As的相对标准偏差为0.9%～5.5%,回收率为77.7%～105.4%,检测值与标准值吻合;测定Hg的相对标准偏差为1.1%～3.7%,回收率为86.2%～113.2%。本方法是以牺牲汞元素的检出限来实现砷、汞两元素的同时测定,是建立在砷、汞单独测定基础上的一种快速检测方法,经全国不同地区9家实验室采用5个标准样品进行协同实验验证,能够满足日常分析要求。 相似文献