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1.
在塔里木盆地的地质发展史上,发生了多次的海进和海退,带来了大量的成盐物质。而且,由于极度的干旱,沉积了大量的岩盐,有望在塔里木盆地找到钾盐。通过野外工作,发现在塔里木盆地西部有大量石盐和盐泉卤水出露。笔者基于地质概况和岩相古地理特征的介绍,通过对采自塔里木盆地西部卤水样品的化学分析,讨论了其地球化学参数及成钾可能性。根据卤水样的分析结果得出:大多数卤水都是从厚层的岩盐中淋滤出来的,岩盐主要是氯化物型,这种类型的岩盐表面上都没有达到钾盐沉积的阶段;其次,根据Br和K含量表明WSKL(乌克沙鲁)已经有钾盐沉积的显示,是一个值得注意的地方,应该把重点放在这个区域;最后,由于原始沉积的原因,塔里木盆地Br含量普遍很低,这一点通过实验结果和收集到的资料已经得到了证实,不能单纯地依据Br指数来判断岩盐的沉积阶段,必须寻找除海相成钾以外的其他的成钾模式。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地西部卤水地球化学特征及成钾远景预测 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
在塔里木盆地的地质发展史上，尤其是在白垩纪和第三纪，经历了多次新特提斯海的海进和海退，带来了大量成盐物质，再加上后期持续干旱的气候条件和适宜的岩相古地理条件，使塔里木盆地沉积了一套厚层石盐岩、膏泥岩、碳酸盐岩以及泥质岩等，为钾盐资源的形成奠定了一定物质基础，同时由于受地质构造和中生代盆地断裂的控制所形成的若干次级盆地，加上适宜的古地理环境，使其具备了钾盐矿床形成的基本条件。通过野外实地考察取样，采集岩盐及卤水样品共300多件，用于实验分析的共142件（卤水43件）。通过对塔里木盆地西部卤水的地球化学特征分析，讨论了寻找钾盐的直接指标K+含量和各种地球化学特征系数，探讨了塔里木盆地的成盐模式、卤水浓缩阶段和成钾可能性，得出:塔里木盆地的钾盐远景区是喀什凹陷和阳霞凹陷；依据溴和硼含量以及各种特征系数值与正常卤水浓缩值比较，可知塔里木盆地是溴和硼等微量元素含量较少的地区，不能完全依靠这些特征参数来判断塔里木盆地的卤水浓缩程度和钾盐资源状况，同时也说明了塔里木盆地是一个成盐环境相对比较复杂的地区。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2018,1(3):392-401
Through the study of the geological conditions of potash deposits in China from recent years, a new understanding of potash theories has arisen that appropriate Chinese geological features. Important progress and substantial breakthroughs have been gained in the direction and management of potash prospecting: (1) Important breakthroughs in continental potassium prospecting: The “Quaternary gravel type deep potassium rich brine metallogenic model in western Qaidam” ensures Quaternary deep potassium rich brine prospecting will grow new KCl resources by 350 Mt, providing a resource guarantee for meeting the Chinese demand for sylvite. (2) The Marine facies potash prospecting shows good prospects: the determination of the new type of Triassic polyhalite potash ore deposits in Sichuan provide an important scientific basis for the establishment of exploration planning and the selection of exploration target areas for polyhalite minerals in the Sichuan Basin; The “two-storey potash deposits model” in southwestern Yunnan has been confirmed, which indicates prospects for the exploration of potash in the deeper Marine facies in southwestern Yunnan are likely to be successful. The discovery of a high concentration of rich bromite salt and potash salt in the Paleogene of the Kuqa depression and the southwestern Tarim region provides strong support for the likelihood large-scale potash deposits exist in these regions. 相似文献
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四川盆地三叠纪古盐湖已达钾石盐析出阶段——来自石盐流体包裹体化学组成的约束 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
石盐的流体包裹体成分可提供古流体组成的物理化学信息,用以探查卤水组成变化及环境演化规律等。四川盆地位于上扬子地台,其中的早-中三叠纪沉积建造是中国海相找钾的有利层位之一。获取石盐沉积时期的卤水成分信息,是深刻认识四川盆地古海水蒸发浓缩程度的重要途径。文章利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对采自川东地区长平3井嘉陵江组的石盐流体包裹体开展了化学组成分析,结果显示古卤水化学类型为Mg_SO4型;流体包裹体中的ρ(K~+)与现代海水浓缩到钾石盐析出阶段的ρ(K~+)基本一致,可能揭示了盆地三叠纪时期古卤水已达到钾石盐析出阶段,对四川盆地沉积环境演化及钾盐成矿规律研究等具有重要的理论意义。 相似文献
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塔西南坳陷古新统蒸发岩沉积条件及成因模式初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于近期野外地质调查及钻井资料整理,对塔西南地区古新统蒸发岩沉积特征、展布规律及成因模式进行了初步探讨。研究表明,塔西南古新统吐依洛克组蒸发岩以石盐岩为主,为海退过程中的产物;阿尔塔什组蒸发岩以石膏岩或者硬石膏岩为主,为缓慢海侵的产物。吐依洛克组石盐岩沉积是海退背景下、多级盆地卤水回流的结果,其受控于同时期区域性构造运动和海平面变化等多种因素。古新世早期,从卡拉库姆盆地向东至费尔干纳-阿富汗-塔吉克盆地再到塔西南地区,在空间上表现为一个自西向东水体盐度逐渐升高的湖链系统。在塔西南与最西部特提斯海之间,以石膏相为主的预备盆地的出现,是导致塔西南地区吐依洛克组蒸发岩以石盐岩为主而显著缺乏石膏岩的主要原因。这种多级次级盆地中卤水的回流作用对盐类物质向后期分异具有积极意义,指示了塔西南古新统具有较好的成钾远景。 相似文献
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WANG Mili LIU Chenglin JIAO Pengcheng YANG Zhichen Institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Baiwanzhuang Ro Beijing Department of Environment Physical Geography School of Environment Peking University Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(1):53-65
Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”. 相似文献
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老挝东泰钾盐矿床地球化学及其沉积后变化初步研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
呵叻高原是世界上最大的钾盐沉积矿床分布区之一,研究区位于呵叻高原北部的沙空那空盆地东部边缘,钻探资料揭示该地区钾盐资源相当可观。该含盐建造包含上、中、下3个盐段,每个盐段都由一套蒸发岩_碎屑沉积旋回组成,钾盐层主要赋存于下盐段上部。剖面和地层学分析表明,研究区盐构造类型为低结构低成熟度的盐背斜构造,盐体几何形态为一低结构低成熟度的盐背斜,盐背斜轴部矿层厚度较两翼矿层厚得多。岩盐中微量元素Br、K含量及Br×1 000/Cl系数的变化指示成盐卤水经过了阶段性的浓缩和淡化过程,并且成盐作用越来越弱。ZK04孔较低的Br含量〔w(Br)=18×10〈sup>-6〈/sup>〕表明下膏盐层在成盐过程中受到了非海相流体的影响。中膏盐层基底石盐中高K低Br特征表明,下膏盐层残余高浓度卤水影响了其成盐过程,并且该基底石盐很可能又经历了溶解和重结晶过程。 相似文献
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云南勐野井钾盐矿床特征,微量元素地球化学及成因探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
勐野井钾盐矿床位于云南兰坪、恩茅拗陷带的南部。该带地处藏滇印支地槽褶皱系中段,点苍山、哀牢山断裂带以西,澜沧江断裂带以东。区内发育有巨厚的中新生代红色碎屑岩和含盐建造,本区的主要含盐层为晚白垩世至老第三纪勐野井组。 勐野井组有上下两套含盐层,中部为棕红色钙泥质粉砂岩,下含盐层在区域上是含膏层;上含盐层为石盐岩夹钾盐透镜体。下覆地层是上白垩统扒沙河紫红色石英砂岩,上覆为老第三系等黑组棕红色粉砂岩。矿区为一向斜构造呈北西—南东向分布,盐矿体呈穹窿状,石盐层平均厚196米,钾盐厚29米,NaCl平均含量71.67％ KCl 8.70％,为混有碎屑物的氯化物型钾盐矿床。 本文研究了富钾盐层剖面结构、碎屑物沉积特征、溴、铷、锶、硼等微量元素赋存规律及其在寻找钾盐矿床工作中的标志意义,并探讨了盐矿床的成因。全文蒙袁见齐教授审阅,并提出修改意见,在此表示感谢。 相似文献
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中国可溶性钾盐资源地质特征与潜力评价 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
中国可溶性钾盐资源严重不足,属于大宗紧缺矿产之一。文章在系统地收集、整理、分析中国16个省（区）110个预测区的钾盐资源调查研究成果的基础上,对中国钾盐地质特征进行了系统研究,首次对中国可溶性钾盐的资源潜力进行了预测,并指出主要的有潜力地区,为下一步开展钾盐勘查与科学研究提供参考依据。中国可溶性钾盐品位低、质量差,但伴生的有益元素较多,含盐系地层分布多,主要地质时代均有石盐或卤水的聚集,与此相对应,在部分层位有钾盐层或含钾卤水的出现。中国已探明钾盐资源主要为陆相钾盐,而且以第四纪盐湖卤水钾盐占多数,并已进行大规模开发;海相钾盐没有突破,但具有较大的潜力。中国可溶性钾盐资源潜力为128.52亿吨,资源潜力上亿吨的省（自治区）有四川（85.45亿吨）、陕西（34亿吨）、湖北（3.43亿吨）、云南（3.17亿吨）、新疆（1.07亿吨）。总体看来,中国钾盐研究程度不高,资源潜力大多在3343的水平。 相似文献
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The Lanping-Simao Basin is an important potash basin in western Yunnan province. In this paper, we study the potash deposit potential of the basin by systemic analysis of the tectonic evolution, paleogeography, paleoclimate, distribution of salt deposition and geochemical characteristics. The geochemical characteristics of Br and 87Sr/86Sr reflect that the salts maybe originated from sea water. Based on geological setting analysis, we suggest that the Late Triassic and Jurassic are important salt-forming eras of the Lanping-Simao Basin, and there may be a thick layer of source salt at the depth of the basin, with huge potash potential. With analysis of 87Sr/86Sr ratio, we argue that the potassium deposits in the Mengyejing area were sourced from the deep buried Mesozoic evaporate strata. We suggest that attention should be paid to the deep buried Mesozoic evaporate strata in the future potash exploration in Southwestern Yunnan. 相似文献
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思茅盆地江城含盐带勐野井地区在“二层楼”钾盐成矿理论的指导下,逐步在侏罗系钾盐资源调查中取得重要成果,但盆地内其他含盐带研究程度薄弱。本文以整董含盐带的磨黑L2井勐野井组(K1m)盐岩样品为研究对象,通过显微镜观察、扫描电镜能谱分析、石盐矿物元素含量电子探针微区原位测试方法的建立,精细研究了样品岩相学、石盐矿物学及元素含量特征。同时,测试了江城含盐带勐野井地区MK-1井花开左组(J2h)石盐样品。对比研究两个井样品中石盐矿物微量元素K和Br含量及103Br/Cl值(质量分数比)特征,结合研究区地质演化,取得以下认识。L2井K1m(含)泥砾盐岩中石盐矿物发育两类产状:一类是胶结碎屑颗粒的主体石盐,具塑性流变特征;另一类是析出在碎屑中被盐类或黏土矿物碎屑包裹的石盐,两类包裹体特征指示均属次生成因。电子探针测得L2井K1m的主体石盐、碎屑包裹和勐野井MK-1井J2h含钾盐层石盐的K含量分别为≤0.09%、≤0.18%和≤0.13%,Br含量分别为≤60×10-6、70×10-6~410×10-6和70×10-6~500×10-6,103Br/Cl值分别为≤0.10、0.12~0.71和0.12~0.85,主体石盐显著低于后二者,处于陆源或海陆混合源石盐阶段或重结晶石盐阶段,而后二者数值接近,大多处在海源石盐阶段,小部分处在海源母液结晶钾石盐阶段和光卤石阶段。推断磨黑L2井碎屑包裹的石盐属深部古盐体刺穿贯入的证据,可能的成矿模式为深部中侏罗统海相古盐体受盐底辟作用迁移到浅层下白垩统勐野井组后,部分被盆地内侧向迁移来的中侏罗世残留海水、盆地周缘汇入的陆源水以及深部热液的共同溶蚀淋滤和混染改造形成新的卤水,部分以固体古石盐砾保留下来,在早白垩世晚期新母液卤水蒸发成盐过程中被形成的盐类和陆源碎屑矿物包裹,后期在母液结晶的主体石盐胶结下沉积成岩和成矿。以上认识完善了“二层楼”成矿理论在整董含盐带的勘探实践。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地西部卤水水化学特征与找钾研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
柴达木盆地自中生代末-新生代初以来,四周山体不断抬升,形成"高山深盆"的沉积环境,为盆地带来了大量盐类物质,再加上晚第三纪干旱封闭的气候环境,使其西部沉积了广阔而厚层的盐岩.在对柴达木盆地西部第三系、第四系地层出露盐矿点实地考察的过程中,采集、分析了22件水样品的水化学组成,通过K+含量及一些水化学系数变化特征的研究,查明了卤水的水化学类型主要为氯化物型和硫酸镁亚型,其成因基本属溶滤岩盐卤水、深部循环水以及二者的混合水体,Br-、B3+、Sr2+、Li+等微量离子含量较高,区域差异性较大,出现显著水化学系数异常;相比之下,柴达木盆地西部南翼山坳陷Br-、B3、Sr2+、Li+含量值明显高于昆特依、察汗斯拉图、油砂山、开特米里克、油泉子、油墩子等坳陷区.Br×103/Cl、K×103/Cl等具找钾意义的水化学系数比其他地区高1～2倍,Br-、K+出现相对的富积,推测该坳陷成盐原始卤水曾浓缩达到较高析盐阶段或可能有大量深部富钾水体的补给,可作为寻找钾盐矿(富钾卤水)重点区域之一. 相似文献
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Paratacamite from Gypsum Veins in Sandstones of the Kuqa Basin,Xinjiang, China: Implications for a New Epigenetic Cu Enrichment Mechanism 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Kuqa Basin filled with Paleogene evaporite series is located in the northeast of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China. It is famous for sandstone‐hosted Cu deposits formed by synsedimentary processes. However, our recent studies reveal that there has been another Cu mineralization mechanism in this basin. Field investigations show that there is a close relationship among faults, salt domes, and brine. Cu deposits are mainly located in two east–west‐trending anticlinal belts in the basin, adjacent to salt domes in the belts. Cu minerals in gypsum veins of the Jidike and Kangcun formations have been investigated by SEM, EDS, and X‐ray diffraction methods. The occurrence of paratacamite in gypsum veins has been reported to coexist with glauberite and halite in the joint planes of sandstones. In addition, it occurs accompanying residual crystal salt encrustation in limestone fractures, or in sandstones in dendritic form. These features indicate that the surface‐Cu enrichment in the Kuqa Basin might have originated from Cu‐bearing brine in the underlying evaporite units, which migrated upward along fractures. In addition, the presence of H2S in the east–west fault belt in the Kuqa Basin, and the discovery of surface sulfur, calcium carbonate, and covellite, suggest thermochemical sulfate reduction near salt domes in the deeper parts of the rock units. This process resulted in the generation of reduced brine and provided a favorable environment for Cu enrichment. Therefore, the surface‐Cu mineralization near salt domes is interpreted to be the result of Cu‐bearing brine migrating upward to the surface along faults (or joints) following the intrusion of deep salt domes. The geological evidence indicates the presence of reducing brine and Cu‐bearing brine near the salt dome in the deeper rocks of the Kuqa Basin, thus making the intrusive contact zone of the salt dome a favorable site for the epigenetic enrichment of Cu. Our study demonstrates that Cu enrichment in the Kuqa Basin resulted not only from synsedimentary deposition but also through epigenetic enrichment associated with salt dome intrusion and brine‐rich fluids. 相似文献
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罗布泊干盐湖位于新疆塔里木盆地东部。1995年以来,在罗布泊发现了超大型规模卤水钾盐矿床,卤水钾盐资源主要赋存于罗北凹地等盐系地层中。近年来调查发现,罗布泊分布有地堑式张性断陷带,不仅控制成钾凹地的形成,其本身也蕴藏有一定规模的固体钾盐资源。地球物理(EH-4)测量显示,断陷带深达1 000 m。在罗布泊盐湖演化过程中,断陷带内出现较小规模的洼地或盐湖,湖表水蒸发浓缩形成卤水,由于罗布泊地堑式断陷带长达30~50 km,向下延长深度可达1000 m,说明罗布泊断陷带内可以形成和储集一定规模的固体钾盐矿,成为今后罗布泊盐湖钾资源扩大找矿的新空间。 相似文献
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中国钾盐地质资源现状与找钾方向初步分析 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
分析了中国钾资源供需形势、有利成盐找钾时代、主要的有利成钾盆地等,回顾了中国找钾工作的历史,指出中国西部仍有找钾前景,尤其是中、上侏罗统-白垩系和新生界,其次是上震旦统-寒武系、石炭系、奥陶系和三叠系,同时,还应继续开展现代盐湖和地下卤水找钾和综合评价,主要找钾地区为塔里木盆地、滇西-羌塘盆地、柴达木盆地和上扬子盆地.鉴于中国特定的成盐构造地质条件和钾盐成矿、保存特点,以及国外预测找钾的经验,在中国找钾要有做长期深入勘查研究的思想准备和采取切实有效的措施,建议对找钾工作加大投入,加强找钾预测的地质基础研究,建立专业队伍和落实油钾兼探的方针. 相似文献
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新疆有现代盐湖50余处,固液相矿产覆盖面积约7000～10000km~2。在固、液相盐类矿产中,都含有钾,但富集成矿的不多。在卤水中钾的富集与镁的关系密切,与卤水的演化程度及分异情况有一定关联。钾在固相盐类矿产中,富集于顶部石盐壳的某些地段。其富集规律与镁含量相关。NO_3~(-1)在固相钾矿的成矿过程中往往起重要作用,SO_4~(2-)也参与活动,形成独特矿床。其形成过程与毛细作用有关。在塔里木盆地东缘及吐—哈盆地西段,寻找同类钾矿床远景比较广阔。塔里木盆地及周边古蒸发岩分布广泛,厚度较大,地质历史上持续时间较长,具有寻找古钾盐的地质前提,但古蒸发岩沉积环境变化较大,后期改造剧烈,给寻找古钾盐工作带来很大难度。如选好突破口,采用符合实际的工作方法,可能会有所突破。 相似文献
19.
Ralf E. Krupp 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2005,69(17):4283-4299
The evolution of magnesium chloride brines with high bromide contents via a multistage reaction and dissolution process has been studied in brine seeps of a German potash mine. The observed chemical trends and phase equilibria can be modeled and interpreted in terms of a NaCl solution (cap rock brine) infiltrating into a potash zone characterized by the metamorphic mineral assemblage kieserite + sylvite + halite + anhydrite. Establishment of a persistent, stable equilibrium assemblage and constant fluid composition in the invariant point IP1 of the six component (Na-K-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4-H2O) system of oceanic salts is prevented by the perpetually renewed input of NaCl-brine and by the intermittent exposure of incompatible kieserite. Instead, the solutions develop towards the metastable invariant point IP1(gy), with the mineral assemblage carnallite + polyhalite + sylvite + halite + gypsum, where gypsum takes the place of anhydrite (stage I). The temporary exposure of kieserite and the ensuing formation of polyhalite effectively buffer the solutions along the metastable polyhalite phase boundary during stages II and III. Eventually, in stage IV, polyhalite becomes depleted and admixture of more NaCl brine leads to low sulfate solution compositions, which are now only constrained by carnallite + sylvite + halite, and the once hexary system degenerates to a quaternary one (Na-K-Mg-Cl-H2O) in point E. Bromide in brines shows equilibrium partitioning with respect to the wall rock minerals. The pattern of evolving brine compositions may serve as a model for similar brine occurrences, which in some cases may have been misinterpreted as remains of fossil, highly concentrated and chemically modified seawater. Similar magnesium chloride brines of salt lakes (e.g., Dead Sea, Dabusun Lake) show subtle differences and are constrained by fewer mineral equilibria (more degrees of freedom), and their low sulfate contents are due to gypsum precipitation, driven by calcium chloride input from dolomitization reactions. Finally, the observed reaction sequence is generalized, and a model for the formation of magnesium sulfate depleted, chloride-type potash salts and bischofite deposits by leaching of sulfate-type evaporites is proposed. 相似文献
20.
柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖含杂卤石地层高分辨率矿物学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柴达木盆地昆特依盐湖杂卤石资源丰富,是开展现代内陆盐湖杂卤石成因机制研究的良好载体.精细刻画沉积特征对阐释沉积矿床成因具有重要作用.本研究以昆特依盐湖大盐滩矿区ZK3608钻孔岩芯14.08-25.48 m段碎屑-杂卤石沉积韵律为研究对象,开展高分辨率矿物学研究,结合石盐流体包裹体化学组成和石盐中微量元素分析,尝试从高分辨率沉积学和矿物学的角度探讨杂卤石的成因.研究结果显示,石盐层产出的杂卤石含量低但分布范围广,为原生矿物;碎屑层中的杂卤石主要为次生矿物.石盐层与碎屑层之间存在一个过渡层位,该层位的杂卤石高度富集且矿物组成复杂,推测是由于原生与准同生杂卤石短时间内先后形成导致的.结合石盐流体包裹体化学组成所代表的古卤水变化特征分析表明,Ca-Cl型深部油田卤水的补给对研究区不同时期杂卤石的形成有重要影响.地球化学特征综合分析指示,石盐层的原生杂卤石由富钾镁的浓缩卤水与Ca-Cl型深部油田卤水混合直接生成;而过渡层位的杂卤石受到气候变化与Ca-Cl型深部油田卤水补给的共同作用. 相似文献