共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 322 毫秒
1.
为实现构建水位和水量双指标相结合的地下水水资源控制管理模式,以安徽省阜阳市为例,分析了阜阳市地下水动态特征,制定了研究区浅层下水水位水量适宜区间,并分析了现状条件下研究区地下水水位水量的适宜性。研究结果表明:研究区北部平原区浅层地下水适宜水位埋深确定为1.5~3.0m,枯水期或春季可适当调整,但建议最大埋深不宜大于3.8m,南部平原区浅层地下水适宜水位埋深可确定为1.0~3.0m,局部地区根据具体要求可做适当调整;现状条件下,阜阳市浅层地下水水位埋深基本位于制定的适宜水位埋深区间内,间接反映出,在现有开采井布局、作物种植结构和灌溉制度前提下,该区浅层地下水开采量较适宜,同时间接验证了制定的地下水适宜水位埋深的合理性。 相似文献
2.
西北旱区湿地周边农田易盐渍化,合理实时控制和降低地下水水位是实现湿地保护及其周边农田盐渍化防控“双赢”的有效途径。选取西北石羊河流域邓马营湖湿地与农田之间过渡带为示范研究区,通过分析地下水埋深变化特征及其与表层土壤盐分的协同关系,确定生态水位阈值,并基于该阈值研发了由虹吸辐射井群为支撑的地下水“水位-水量”智能双控技术,其关键点是:采用一井虹吸联通多个辐射井,用于增大弱透水层区单井涌水量,实现水位面状控制;利用电系统、信号系统和控制器集成智能控制子系统,实现地下水水位和水量的实时控制。该技术示范应用结果表明:随地下水埋深增大,农田盐渍化风险和湿地植被芦苇覆盖率均降低,农田盐渍化防控和湿地保护的地下水埋深阈值为1.9～3.0 m;每年7—8月的潜水蒸发阶段是表层土壤主要积盐时段,期间智能双控系统可将地下水埋深调控在水位阈限范围;该双控作用不仅能够控降灌溉引起的表层土壤电导率的增大幅度,而且还能有效降低表层土壤的积盐速率;相对微咸水,淡水灌溉条件下智能双控技术的淋盐和控盐效果更明显。因此,这项技术能够实现地下水水位精准调控,对旱区湿地保护及其周边农田盐渍化防控具有重要的现实意义。 相似文献
3.
华北平原地下水生态环境水位研究 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：22
华北平原地下水合理生态水位的上限为防止土壤盐碱化水位。下限为地下水获得最大补给的理想水位。研究表明,华北平原防治土壤盐碱化地下水位埋深一般为2～2．5m,有利于获得最大补给的地下水位埋深在山前平原为10m左右,中东部平原为3～5m。 相似文献
4.
地下水生态水位是干旱区绿洲水资源管理、地下水保护和生态环境保护的关键指标。从地下水生态水位的概念、确定方法、阈值区间等方面入手,综述了干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位研究的重要进展及未来发展建议：（1）干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位存在显著的多功能性和尺度特征;（2）生态调查统计与分析、模型计算分析和遥感统计分析是确定地下水生态水位的主要方法;（3）区域地下水埋深适合控制在2.0~4.0m,不同功能地下水埋深阈值差异显著,这种差异性主要受气候、下垫面植被、土壤、地质条件等因素影响;（4）建议加强多尺度、多维度的干旱区绿洲地下水生态水位阈值研究。 相似文献
5.
柴达木盆地生态植被的地下水阈值 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
生态植被的地下水阈值是指植被依赖地下水生长的最大水位埋深和溶解性总固体含量（TDS）。控制地下水开采生态风险的基础是弄清生态植被与地下水的依存关系并给出地下水阈值。文章利用遥感数据集MOD13Q1和水文地质调查获得的实测数据,统计分析了柴达木盆地主要平原区生态植被与潜水的水位埋深、TDS的关系。结果表明:天然植被依赖地下水的阈值是水位埋深为5.3 m、TDS为7.5 g/L;埋深＞5.3 m地带的天然植被基本与地下水无关;埋深＜1.1 m是水生植被、湿生植被与湿生耐盐碱植被适宜生长的水位埋深区间;埋深1.4~3.5 m是耐盐植被及中生植被与旱生植被适合生长的水位埋深区间;TDS≤1.5 g/L适宜植被生长,1.5 g/L＜TDS≤5 g/L较适宜植被生长,5 g/L＜TDS≤7.5 g/L基本不适宜植被生长,TDS＞7.5 g/L不适宜植被生长。 相似文献
6.
为了计算保定地区生态需水量, 建立了地下水模拟模型.模拟结果表明, 研究范围每年需要消耗0.64亿m3左右地下水, 水位呈持续下降趋势.为了调控潜水地下水位, 达到生态恢复的目的, 模拟了减少开采量和扩大白洋淀面积到1975年水平的情况, 结果表明当地下水开采量减少1.47亿m3时, 每年补给地下水贮存量的水量约0.8亿m3, 使得地下水水位大面积恢复, 很大范围达到了潜水生态标准.根据此水位计算的生态亏空量约为15亿m3.该研究成果对我国的半湿润半干旱地区地下水生态环境恢复有借鉴意义. 相似文献
7.
中国典型地区地下水位对环境的控制作用及阈值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究采用理论分析和实践成果相结合、区域宏观分析与典型地区深入剖析相结合的研究方法,从地下水不合理开发利用引起的环境问题出发,选取华北地区、西北地区以及沿海地区作为典型区,分析地下水位对环境的控制作用,提出了具有针对性的地下水位控制阈值。华北平原有利于山前调蓄的地下水位埋深为10m、中东部平原浅层控制土壤盐渍化水位埋深为2~3 m、防止地裂缝的水位埋深为7 m、深层控制地面沉降水位埋深为50 m、浅埋岩溶区地下水位应控制在岩溶含水层上覆的松散岩类的底板高程(2 m)之上;西北地区控制天然植被衰败的地下水位埋深为2.0~4.5 m和人工绿洲灌溉期控制土壤盐渍化的地下水位埋深为1.2~1.5 m,非灌溉期中冻结期地下水位埋深1.3~1.5 m,冻融期为2.2~2.7 m;沿海地区防止海水入侵的地下水位阈值应控制在漏斗中心水位高程-5~-6 m,最大不超过-8 m。上述地下水位控制阈值的确定,为实施地下水总量控制和水位控制管理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
《地下水》2020,(3)
新蔡县城市应急水源地是新蔡县城市地质调查的重要组成部分,对提高新蔡县在特枯年、连续干旱年以及水污染事件突发时的危机应对能力发挥重要作用。本文选取应急水源地为研究区,通过分析水源地的水文地质条件,评价水源地地下水开发保障能力。研究表明,水源地中深层地下水丰富,水质良好;经计算求得可开采量为1. 78×104m3/d;规划开采井9眼,东西向分二排布设,梅花状交错分布,井深为300 m,单井出水量1 800 m3/d,总开采量为1. 62×104m3/d;水源地以1. 62×104m3/d的开采量开采中深层地下水,100 d后水位下降速度迅速减小,400 d时水位下降速率0. 005 m/a,趋于稳定,水源地的开采量在设计的开采年限内有保障。 相似文献
9.
吉林省西部是我国主要粮食产区,但区内农业水利规划管理同时面临潜水资源与生态环境双重风险。近20年来,区内曾尝试多种水资源利用模式,但缺少不同模式应用效果的定量化对比。文章建立了不同水资源利用模式,对比分析各模式的水资源与次生盐碱化风险。以洮儿河流域为例,采用循环神经网络预测2019—2023年该地区大气降水和地表水对地下水补给量;通过随机数值模拟预测现状开采、连续干旱、无序开采、地下水库建设、节水灌溉、旱田改水田6种情形下,区内潜水水位空间分布特征。以防止次生盐碱化为目标,定义水位埋深上限为1 m;以含水介质厚度为参考,定义水位埋深下限为12 m。遴选适合吉林省西部地区地下水资源可持续利用模式。结果显示:无序开采是导致区内水资源枯竭的主要诱因;地下水库建设和旱改水工程有助于潜水资源维护,但长期运行可加剧生态环境风险。节水灌溉（净采强度为2.0×108～3.0×108 m3/a）是降低区内水资源风险和生态环境风险的最佳方式。文章采用的神经网络—随机模拟分析方法成功预测了地下水位变化驱动因子和地下水位中长期变化趋势,为我国干旱半干旱地区潜水资源利用方案制定提供了新方法。 相似文献
10.
针对目前西北内陆河流域地下水总量控制指标制定方法的不足,提出了一套完整的确定区域/流域地下水总量控制指标的技术方法,主要步骤包括:以生态保护/恢复为约束条件,转换为定量化的判据;使用数值模拟方法确定地下水可开采量;进行供需平衡分析,分阶段定量确定地下水总量控制指标。应用此方法在甘肃省石羊河流域下游的红崖山灌区进行了实例研究,评价得到研究区2020年中期规划地下水总量控制指标为10 833×104 m3,2030年远期规划的指标为10 700×104 m3,与已有的控制指标相比相对宽松,在技术方法上也具有合理性。 相似文献
11.
1985-2013年黑河中游流域地下水位动态变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在气候变化和人类活动的影响下, 黑河流域地表水和地下水的时空分布特征发生了很大变化. 研究水系统演化及其驱动机制对流域水资源可持续管理非常关键. 基于甘肃河西黑河中游流域地下水位动态、水文气象、土地利用和灌溉统计数据, 研究了1985-2013年黑河中游流域地下水位时空变化. 结果表明: 地表水的不合理分配和耕地的扩展导致了地下水的过量开采和地下水位的剧烈变化. 1985-2004年区域地下水位以下降为主; 2005-2013年呈现下降和回升两极发展趋势, 冲洪积扇群带地下水最大下降达17.41 m, 而黑河干流沿岸地下水位最大回升了3.3 m, 地下水埋深普遍增加了1.0~3.0 m. 尽管地下水位在2005-2013年表现出回升趋势, 但干流中游盆地地下水系统处于严重负均衡状态, 制定合理的“生态分水”方案和水资源综合管理规划非常紧迫. 相似文献
12.
Taha M. Taher 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(6):1593-1605
Overexploitation of groundwater resources in Sana’a Basin, Yemen, is causing severe water shortages associated water quality degradation. Groundwater abstraction is five times higher than natural recharge and the water-level decline is about 4–8 m/year. About 90 % of the groundwater resource is used for agricultural activities. The situation is further aggravated by the absence of a proper water-management approach for the Basin. Water scarcity in the Wadi As-Ssirr catchment, the study area, is the most severe and this area has the highest well density (average 6.8 wells/km2) compared with other wadi catchments. A local scheme of groundwater abstraction redistribution is proposed, involving the retirement of a substantial number of wells. The scheme encourages participation of the local community via collective actions to reduce the groundwater overexploitation, and ultimately leads to a locally acceptable, manageable groundwater abstraction pattern. The proposed method suggests using 587 wells rather than 1,359, thus reducing the well density to 2.9 wells/km2. Three scenarios are suggested, involving different reductions to the well yields and/or the number of pumping hours for both dry and wet seasons. The third scenario is selected as a first trial for the communities to action; the resulting predicted reduction, by 2,371,999 m3, is about 6 % of the estimated annual demand. Initially, the groundwater abstraction volume should not be changed significantly until there are protective measures in place, such as improved irrigation efficiency, with the aim of increasing the income of farmers and reducing water use. 相似文献
13.
Shrikant Daji Limaye 《Hydrogeology Journal》2010,18(3):543-558
The Deccan Traps or the basalts of western India are the largest exposure of basic lava flows covering about 500,000 km2. Groundwater occurrence in the Deccan Traps is in phreatic condition in the weathered zone above the hard rock and in semi-confined condition in the fissures, fractures, joints, cooling cracks, lava flow junctions and in the inter-trappean beds between successive lava flows, within the hard rock. Dug wells, dug-cum-bored wells and boreholes or bore wells are commonly used for obtaining groundwater. The yield is small, usually in the range of 1–100 m3/day. The average land holding per farming family is only around 2 ha. Recently, due to the ever increasing number of dug wells and deep bore wells, the water table has been falling in several watersheds, especially in those lying in the semi-arid region of the traps, so that now the emphasis has shifted from development to sustainable management. Issues like climatic change, poverty mitigation in villages, sustainable development, rapid urbanization of the population, and resource pollution have invited the attention of politicians, policy makers, government agencies and non-governmental organizations towards watershed management, forestation, soil and water conservation, recharge augmentation and, above all, the voluntary control of groundwater abstraction in the Deccan Traps terrain. 相似文献
14.
在气候变化、生态保护以及水资源调控影响下,西北内陆河流域水循环和生态环境状态发生了显著改变,迫切需要解答气候变化对植被恢复和产水量的影响,调水和压采等措施下地下水水位动态、管控指标及其对生态环境的维持机制。为此,文章阐述了内陆河流域气候-植被-土壤-水文相互作用机理以及上中下游演变状况。针对上游产水区,提出了山区气候变... 相似文献
15.
银川平原植被生长与地下水关系研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
干旱区植被生长与地下水的关系是生态水文地质学研究的热点之一。西北内陆干旱地区降水稀少,植被的生长发育与地下水的关系极为密切,从大尺度上研究地下水变化的生态效应问题对生态环境的保护和恢复具有重要的意义。借助遥感方法,结合地下水观测数据,在区域尺度上定量地研究了中国银川平原地区地下水埋深及矿化度与植被生长的关系。结果表明:适宜植被生长的地下水埋深范围约为1~6m,当地下水位埋深为3.5m左右时,植被长势最好。而在水位埋深为3.5m左右的地区,植被生长的相对好坏又受地下水矿化度的影响。当地下水矿化度为0.9g/L时对该地区植被的生长最为有利。 相似文献
16.
17.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Development prospects of groundwater resources in an elliptical shape island,Union Territory of Lakshadweep,India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A major problem of the islanders is the availability of fresh water for drinking purpose. Groundwater is the only source of fresh water for the islanders. The demand for groundwater is increasing very year due to growing population and urbanization. A proper understanding of the groundwater condition is important in order to meet this increasing demand and to formulate future development and management strategies. It is in this context, principal hydrogeologic units; water table fluctuation pattern, general groundwater potential, existing groundwater withdrawal structures and draft, water quality, etc. have been studied in an elliptical shape Andrott Island of Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India, through field investigation and secondary data collection. Groundwater occurs under phreatic condition and seawater is in hydraulic continuity with the groundwater as evidenced by the tidal influence in almost all the wells. Groundwater level fluctuation due to seasonal variation varies from 0 to 0.542 m depending on the distance of the well from the coast. Depth to groundwater level varies from less than 1.234 to 3.520 m depending on the topography. Groundwater level fluctuation is due to the combination of factors like rainfall, tidal activities, sub-surface runoff, and draft. Large diameter dug wells are the main groundwater extraction structures in this island. There are 2,143 dug wells with almost each family having its own well and the density of the dug wells is about 437/km2. The stage of groundwater development is estimated as 37% and hence “Safe” for further groundwater development in this island. However, considering the very limited fresh-water resources and also the growing demand for groundwater, various management strategies such as rainwater harvesting, artificial recharge of groundwater, public participation in water conservation and wise use of groundwater, etc., have been suggested. 相似文献
18.
Artificial groundwater recharge to a semi-arid basin: case study of Mujib aquifer,Jordan 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Mujib watershed is an important groundwater basin which is considered a major source for drinking and irrigation water in
Jordan. Increased dependence on groundwater needs improved aquifer management with respect to understanding deeply recharge
and discharge issues, planning rates withdrawal, and facing water quality problems arising from industrial and agricultural
contamination. The efficient management of this source depends on reliable estimates of the recharge to groundwater and is
needed in order to protect Mujib basin from depletion. Artificial groundwater recharge was investigated in this study as one
of the important options to face water scarcity and to improve groundwater storage in the aquifer. A groundwater model based
on the MODFLOW program, calibrated under both steady- and unsteady-state conditions, was used to investigate different groundwater
management scenarios that aim at protecting the Mujib basin. The scenarios include variations of abstraction levels combined
with different artificial groundwater recharge quantities. The possibilities of artificial groundwater recharge from existing
and proposed dams as well as reclaimed municipal wastewater were investigated. Artificial recharge options considered in this
study are mainly through injecting water directly to the aquifer and through infiltration from reservoir. Three scenarios
were performed to predict the aquifer system response under different artificial recharge options (low, moderate, and high)
which then compared with no action (recharge) scenario. The best scenario that provides a good recovery for the groundwater
table and that can be feasible is founded to be by reducing current abstraction rates by 20% and implementing the moderate
artificial recharge rates of 26 million(M)m3/year. The model constructed in this study helps decision makers and planners in selecting optimum management schemes suitable
for such arid and semi-arid regions. 相似文献