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1.
关于东天山花岗岩与陆壳垂向增生的若干认识 总被引：27，自引：25，他引：27
东天山海西期主碰撞以后形成的花岗岩可分为三个阶段：挤压．伸展转折阶段（310～285Ma）、碰撞后伸展阶段（285-250Ma）和板内阶段（250-208Ma）。这三个阶段在岩石圈厚度、等温线形态和动力学状态等方面的差异，造成了不同阶段花岗岩岩体形态、岩石组合、岩相学和地球化学等方面的差异。除了底侵以外，幔源岩浆的内侵可以造成地壳不同层次岩石的部分熔融，也是花岗质岩浆生成的重要机制和地壳垂向增生的重要方式。东天山的片麻状花岗岩有一部分是变质交代成因的，这类花岗岩的形成与碰撞后幔源岩浆的底侵和内侵有关。变质峰期后韧性剪切带中构造细粒化的岩石是形成片麻状花岗岩的最有利部位。虽然这类花岗岩多数定位于地壳较深层次，但在内侵热量的影响下也可以定位于较浅层次。康古尔韧性剪切带的形成除了构造动力作用以外，还与地壳垂向增生，尤其是内侵有着密切联系，是构造动力、岩浆活动、变质作用和流体运移等复杂反馈的结果。博格达造山带碰撞前和碰撞后岩浆岩均具有正的εNd（t）值，表明该造山带地幔早在碰撞前就已亏损，而碰撞后的地幔则继承了碰撞前地幔的亏损特征。东天山在印支期有一次重要的地壳垂向增生事件，其岩浆活动和成矿作用与古特提期洋的俯冲和随后的碰撞密切有关，因此是东天山从中亚构造体制向特提斯体制转换的产物。 相似文献
2.
东天山黄山东和黄山西镁铁-超镁铁岩是区域早二叠世大规模幔源岩浆作用的产物,赋存有两个大型岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床.黄山东和黄山西矿床的主要矿体均赋存于超镁铁岩中,其含矿超镁铁岩的成因机制研究对揭示区域铜镍硫化物成矿作用机制具有重要意义.本文对黄山东和黄山西含矿超镁铁岩进行了详细的电子背散射图像研究,发现其斜长石斑晶存在显著的不平衡结构,并系统进行了电子探针成分剖面分析.结果显示斜长石具有剧烈变化的成分环带,其中黄山东超镁铁岩斜长石An值介于48.6~75.6,黄山西含矿超镁铁岩斜长石An值介于44.9~79.2,表明两个矿床含矿超镁铁岩的母岩浆在侵位过程中发生过显著的成分变化.结合黄山东和黄山西镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体地质特征,本文认为高分异镁铁质岩浆的加入导致了低分异超镁铁质岩浆成分发生显著变化,致使岩浆硫化物熔离,以及黄山东和黄山西大型铜镍硫化物矿床的形成. 相似文献
3.
东天山平顶山巨眼球状片麻状花岗岩特征及成因 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
本文以东天山平顶山岩体为例,探讨中天山晋宁旋回晚期巨眼球状片麻状花岗岩的特征及其形成机制。野外地质关系、岩相学、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素和同位素研究表明,平顶山岩体是岛弧钙碱性火山-沉积岩系经原地改造的产物,其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为927 Ma。花岗岩形成作用的动力、热力来源可能与碰撞后天山岩石圈的拆沉有关。拆沉导致的底侵和内侵引发了地壳岩石的韧性剪切,剪切后的岩石有利于部分熔融、熔体-流体运移和化学反应,而熔体和流体的作用反过来又会促进韧性剪切,并将较浅层次的变形变质岩石改造为片麻状花岗岩。平顶山岩体的成岩作用体现了部分熔融、韧性剪切和流体作用的相互反馈,也是这些作用的共同产物。这种原地片麻状花岗岩的成岩过程主要为深源熔体和流体与原岩的相互作用,并使原岩发生不同程度的部分熔融,因而其地球化学特征同时受到原岩和外来熔体-流体的控制。底侵和内侵是造山过程晚期-期后挤压-拉张转折期地壳垂向增生的重要方式,而平顶山这类片麻状花岗岩则是这种垂向增生的产物。 相似文献
4.
新疆北部后碰撞幔源岩浆活动与陆壳纵向生长 总被引：100，自引：3，他引：97
新疆北部后碰撞幔源岩浆活动强烈。Nd、Sr和Pb同位素资料表明,在330～250Ma的后碰撞期间,有大量的幔源花岗岩类和少量的镁铁—超镁铁杂岩在上地壳侵位。与加里东、海西和喜马拉雅等造山带起源于再循环陆壳的花岗岩类不同,新疆北部后碰撞岩浆岩一般表现出ε_(Nd)(t)值高、(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)值相对较低、Nd和Pb模式年龄年轻等特点。阿尔泰山和天山的一些后碰撞花岗岩类可能具有陆壳源区的特点或表现出地壳物质对幔源岩浆及其分异产物有不同程度的混染,东、西准噶尔花岗岩类很少甚至没有受到陆壳物质混染。新疆北部后碰撞花岗岩类和镁铁—超镁铁杂岩主要是幔源岩浆及其分异产物在上地壳侵位的结果。这些幔源花岗岩类代表了新生的初始地壳,其时代可代表地壳形成时代。在后碰撞阶段,新疆北部的陆壳以纵向生长为特征。 相似文献
5.
中天山东段澄江期片麻状花岗岩特征和成因——以天湖东岩体为例 总被引：8，自引：8，他引：8
本文以天湖东岩体为例,探讨中天山澄江期片麻状花岗岩的特征及其形成机制。岩相学、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素和同位素研究表明,天湖东岩体是岛弧钙碱性火山—沉积岩系经原地改造的产物,其Rb-Sr等时线年龄为707.7±4.9Ma。花岗岩形成作用的动力、热力来源可能与向塔里木大陆俯冲的天山岩石圈的拆沉有关。在造山过程晚期-期后的挤压向拉张转变过程中,拆沉导致的底侵和内侵引发了地壳岩石的脱水和熔融,所产生的熔体-流体上升并将较浅层次的变质岩改造为片麻状花岗岩。变质峰期以后形成的韧性剪切带为熔体-流体的运移提供了通道。 相似文献
6.
东天山黄山-镜儿泉过铝花岗岩矿物学、地球化学及年代学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对东天山黄山-镜儿泉一带黄山南、镜儿泉、图拉尔根沟三个过铝花岗岩作了岩相学、矿物学、地球化学、sr-Nd同位素和锆石U-Pb年代学研究.锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS原位定年测得黄山南岩体结晶年龄为259.9±1.4Ma(MSWD=0.86),图拉尔根沟岩体结晶年龄为275.4±8.3Ma(MSWD=29),均侵位于二叠纪碰撞后伸展环境.三个过铝花岗岩均具有低锶同位素初始比值(Isr=0.6969～0.70396)、高εNd(t)值( 5.5～ 7.2)以及年轻的亏损地幔单阶段模式年龄(tDM=0.48～0.56Ga),表明其岩浆源区均为来源于亏损地幔的新生地壳岩石.这种新生地壳岩石可能为偏酸性的火山岩.三个岩体的矿物学和地球化学可分为两类:一类以黄山南白云母花岗岩为代表,为强过铝花岗岩(A/CNK>1.1),强烈亏损Ba、sr和Ti而富集Cs、Rb和K,具有高的Rb/sr(2.03～14.5)和Al2O3/TiO2(110～1592),低的Nb/Ta(3.24～6.76)比值,其稀土元素配分曲线呈"V"字形,显示强烈铕亏损(Eu/Eu*=0.04～0.55),表明这类岩体的直接源岩以泥质岩为主.另一类以图拉尔根沟二云母花岗岩为代表,为弱过铝(1相似文献
7.
位于西准噶尔南部的庙尔沟岩体主体由碱长花岗岩和少量紫苏花岗岩组成。本文在前人工作基础上,以岩体东南边缘新发现的花岗闪长斑岩为研究对象,开展岩石学、年代学和Hf同位素以及全岩地球化学研究,确定花岗闪长斑岩形成时代、揭示岩石成因类型及源区属性、探讨其与碱长花岗岩和紫苏花岗岩岩浆演化成因联系及其形成的深部动力学过程。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,花岗闪长斑岩形成于317.4±1.9Ma,为晚石炭世早期岩浆活动的产物,明显早于紫苏花岗岩(～307Ma)和碱长花岗岩(～303Ma)。岩石地球化学数据表明,花岗闪长斑岩具有较高硅、中等铝,贫钙、铁、镁,富集Rb、K、Th、U,强烈亏损Nb、Ta、Ti的特征,为钙碱性弱过铝质I型花岗岩;紫苏花岗岩更多的表现出钙碱性-高钾钙碱性镁质I型紫苏花岗岩特征;碱长花岗岩为碱性准铝质-弱过铝质A型花岗岩。锆石Hf同位素分析结果表明,花岗闪长斑岩、紫苏花岗岩和碱长花岗岩均具有高正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(+11.6～+15.8)和年轻的二阶段模式年龄(325～600Ma),表明其原始岩浆主要起源于亏损地幔新衍生的年轻地壳物质。综合分析认为,庙尔沟岩体花岗闪长斑岩形成于晚石炭世早期洋壳俯冲背景,由底侵的、受流体交代的幔源基性岩浆与其诱发的年轻下地壳酸性岩浆在深部混合而成。紫苏花岗岩和碱长花岗岩形成于弧后伸展背景,前者是伸展初期继续底侵于下地壳的幔源玄武质岩浆降温释放大量的水和热诱使早期侵位于下地壳的镁铁质岩石再次发生部分熔融的产物,后者是伸展后期大规模软流圈地幔上涌底垫加热年轻中下地壳使其部分熔融而成。 相似文献
8.
莫霍面,下地壳与岩浆作用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
美国地质学会近期在意大利北部阿尔卑斯山区召开的关于地壳分异作用的Ｐｅｎｒｏｓｅ会议,以Ｉｖｒｅａ带大陆地壳剖面为样板,讨论了与大陆生长和演化有关的主要过程。文中结合会议情况,评述了岩浆作用与大陆生长、莫霍面演化和地壳动力学的关系。大陆壳特有的成分和大的花岗岩基的形成,要求下地壳有大体积的基性超镁铁质岩存在。这样的基性超镁铁质岩,既可能代表囤积在下地壳的幔源岩浆,也可能是幔源岩浆分异的堆积岩,或是在壳内分异作用过程中产生出花岗质熔体后的残余体。在伸展构造区,幔源岩浆的底侵作用强烈地影响了大陆壳的结构、组成和热状态,而在陆陆碰撞带,由于地壳加厚,下地壳的基性超镁铁质岩石会转变为“榴辉岩”,促进地壳沉没作用和下地壳拆沉作用。由于地壳岩石的榴辉岩相变质作用,地球物理莫霍面与壳幔边界可能并不对应。莫霍面和地壳对岩浆的密度过滤作用,又控制了大陆壳中岩浆的侵位和演化。 相似文献
9.
大宁岩体位于扬子板块与华夏板块结合带,岩性组合为二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-钾长花岗岩.岩体中广泛存在壳幔混合包体.本文利用锆石sHRIMPU-Pb法,获得大宁岩体成岩年龄上限为(419.1±6.4)Ma(MSWD=1.03),属加里东晚期.岩体的地球化学研究显示,大宁岩体属弱过铝高钾钙碱性岩石,富大离子亲石元素和轻稀土,显Nb、Ba、Sr、Eu组合异常.岩石具有较高的I_(Sr)值(0.7112～0.7196),较低的εNd(t)值(-6.77～-7.53)和T_(DM)值(1.40～1.71Ga).结合邻区加里东花岗岩壳幔混合特征,本文认为,大宁岩体为幔源岩浆底侵诱发的下地壳变砂屑岩部分熔融形成,形成过程中有显著的幔源组分加入. 相似文献
10.
黄山东与香山镁铁质-超镁铁质杂岩体隶属于东天山北部黄山-镜儿泉镁铁质-超镁铁质岩带, 受北东东走向的黄山-镜儿泉韧性剪切带控制, 二者岩石组成差异较大, 黄山东杂岩主要由辉石橄榄岩和辉长岩组成, 主量元素化学组成属钙碱性-拉斑玄武系列, 而香山杂岩主要由辉石橄榄岩、橄榄辉石岩、角闪辉长岩、辉绿岩组成, 属拉斑玄武系列.微量元素地球化学特征显示二者相对富集大离子亲石元素(K、Sr、Ba), 高场强元素(Pb、U), 而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、P), 适度亏损(Zr、Hf), 但其稀土配分模式不同, 黄山东杂岩显示轻稀土弱富集, 具OIB型的特征, 而香山岩体为平坦型.二者均为尖晶石稳定域不同熔融程度的产物, 侵位过程中主要发生了橄榄石、辉石、斜长石的分离结晶和不同程度的地壳混染.采用LA-ICP-MS法获得黄山东辉长岩与香山角闪辉长岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为277±1.1 Ma、285±1.1 Ma.二者形成于相同的构造背景下, 是岩石圈地幔根部发生拆沉, 软流圈地幔物质底侵并导致岩石圈地幔发生部分熔融的产物, 构造环境为后碰撞向板内阶段转变的岩石圈间歇性伸展期. 相似文献
11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
Humboldt, Arago, and the temperature of groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Stanley N. Davis 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(5):501-503
15.
Shaofeng Wang Yongfeng Jia Shuying Wang Xin Wang He Wang Zhixi Zhao Bingzhu Liu 《Applied Geochemistry》2009,24(9):1702-1711
Mercury contamination in aquatic environments is of worldwide concern because of its high biomagnification factor in food chains and long-range transport. The rivers, estuary and the bay along the northwestern Bohai Sea coast, northeastern China have been heavily contaminated by Hg due to long-term Zn smelting and chlor-alkali production. This work investigated the distributions of total Hg (THg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in the water, sediment and hydrophytes from this area. Concentrations of THg in sediment (0.5–64 mg kg−1) and water (39–2700 ng L−1) were elevated by 1–3 orders of magnitude compared to background concentrations, which induced high concentrations of MMHg in these media. The highest concentration of MMHg in sediment reached 35 μg kg−1, which was comparable to that in the Hg mining area, Wanshan, China, and the highest MMHg concentration of 3.0 ng L−1 in the water sample exceeded the MMHg Chinese drinking water guideline of 1.0 ng L−1. Concentrations of THg in a sediment profile from Jinzhou Bay were found to be consistent with annual Hg emission flux from a local Zn smelter (r = 0.74, p < 0.01), indicating that Hg contamination was mainly caused by Zn smelting locally. For some freshwater hydrophytes, concentrations of THg and MMHg ranged from 5.2 to 100 μg kg−1 and 0.15 to 12 μg kg−1, respectively. Compared to sediment, concentrations of THg in hydrophytes were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower but MMHg was comparable or higher, indicating that the bioaccumulation in plants was distinct for the two Hg species studied. The data suggest that a significant load of Hg has been released into the northwestern coastal region of the Bohai Sea. 相似文献
16.
Average concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and other metals, as well as S and As, were calculated for the Aue granitic cupola,
the contact aureole of which hosts the large vein-type uranium deposit of Schlema-Alberoda and the Schneeberg uranium-base
metal deposit (Erzgebirge, Germany). The cupola was exposed by mine workings and boreholes, which provided an opportunity
to evaluate variations in the abundances of metals in the granites over a vertical interval of more than 2.5 km and estimate
their losses in the upper oxidized part of the investigated volume of the cupola (coefficient of iron oxidation, KO
Fe, increases in the granites from bottom to top from 7 to 70%) compared with the lower unaltered and unoxidized part (with
a KO
Fe plateau at about 5%). The average concentrations of metals in the upper part of the cupola are lower than those in the lower
part by a factor of 2.5 for Pb, 1.56 for Zn, 1.45 for Cu, 1.3 for Co, etc. A similar decrease in the abundances of ore elements
along the vertical section associating with the relative epigenetic alteration and oxidation of the granite was previously
described by us for U and Th and for the components of high-temperature ores, W, Sn, and Mo. The removal of ore elements from
the granite was accompanied by a decrease in the bulk contents of sulfur and arsenic by a factor of 1.35 and 1.65, respectively.
The leaching of trace metals from the granites of the upper part of the Aue cupola was followed by their partial redeposition
above the cupola in the ore veins of the Schlema and Schneeberg deposits.
Original Russian Text ? Vikt. L. Barsukov, N.T. Sokolova, O.M. Ivanitskii, 2006, published in Geokhimiya, 2006, No. 9, pp.
967–982. 相似文献
17.
Text, talk, things, and the subpolitics of performing place 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article tells the story of how a group of Dutch and Belgian citizens organized themselves to promote an area that they valued, to put it on the map, to raise awareness about its qualities, and to protect it from urban and industrial development. Our theoretical perspective focuses on the performative and political aspects of this place-making process and the discursive and material practices involved. We connect this to Beck’s concept of subpolitics.Our findings show how the group performed this place not only through text and talk - giving the area a name, using their knowledge and expertise to raise awareness about its values, lobbying and cooperating with decision-makers -, but also through things - installing art objects and information signs that articulate certain characteristics and values of the area. Our findings demonstrate the struggles involved in these performances. The group involved multiple perspectives on what the important values and characteristics of the area are and on what strategies would work best in trying to influence decision-making and protect the area. However, the use of expertise as the main strategy to gain influence excluded the more critical and activist strategies and privileging archaeological and historical values and characteristics came at the expense of attention on agricultural and natural values.Our findings make clear that performing place cannot be taken to be homogeneous and that it inevitably involves multiple perspectives and demands. The struggles, power relations and dynamics of inclusion and exclusion that this multiplicity implicates reveal a form of sub-politics that involves both politicization and depoliticization. Also, it is a form of subpolitics that is more diverse and ambiguous than Beck’s conceptualization presupposes by its emphasis on the role of outsiders as a homogeneous group. 相似文献
18.
The behavior of trace elements under conditions of partial melting of granitoid rocks has been studied. The element’s partition coefficients between minerals and the melt Dimin/melt depends, in the first place, on the composition of the primary melt. In biotite the HREE Di are a little below 1, while those of LREE, especially Di for Ce, are 1–3 orders of magnitude less. This leads to an efficient differentiation of REEs in anatexic melts especially when biotite is the main mineral phase of restite. On the contrary, there are feldspars, the Di of which cannot provide such a magnitude of differentiation. Unlike garnets and pyroxenes, whose stability in restite permits enrichment of anatexic melts produced in migmatization zones with Nb, Ti, and Cr, the presence of biotite in restite causes depletion of melts with those elements as well as with Rb. Feldspars, under conditions of their fractional crystallization or during differentiation of an anatexic melt, deplete the latter with Sr, Ba, and Rb, but enrich it with Nb, Ti, Cr, Y, Zr, and V. 相似文献
19.
The dielectric constants and dielectric loss values of 4 Ca-containing minerals were determined at 1 MHz using a two-terminal method and empirically determined edge corrections. The results are: vesuvianitel κ′ a=9.93 tan δ=0.006 κ′ c=9.79 tan δ=0.005 vesuvianitel κ′ a=10.02 tan δ=0.002 κ′ c=9.85 tan δ=0.003 zoisite1 κ′ a =10.49 tan δ=0.0006 κ′ b =15.31 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c=9.51 tan δ=0.0008 zoisite2 κ′ a =10.55 tan δ=0.0011 κ′ b =15.45 tan δ=0.0013 κ′ c=9.39 tan δ=0.0008 epidote κ′ 11= 9.52 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ 22=17.1 tan δ=0.0009 κ′ 33= 9.37 tan δ=0.0006 fluorapatite1 κ′ a =10.48 tan δ=0.0008 κ′ c = 8.72 tan δ=0.0114 fluorapatite2 κ′ a =10.40 tan δ=0.0010 κ′ c=8.26 tan δ=0.0178 The deviation (δ) between measured dielectric polarizabilities as determined from the Clausius-Mosotti equation and those calculated from the sum of oxide polarizabilities according to α D (mineral)=∑ α D (oxides) for vesuvianite is ～ 0.5%. The large deviations of epidote and zoisite from the additivity rule with Δ=+ 10.1 and + 11.7%, respectively, are attributed to “rattling” Ca ions. The combined effects of both a large F thermal parameter and possible F-ion conductivity in fluorapatite are believed to be responsible for Δ=+2–3%. Although variation of oxygen polarizability with oxygen molar volume (Vo) is believed to affect the total polarizabilities, the variation of Vo in these Ca minerals is too small to observe the effect. 相似文献
20.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献