首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
1.
The Vinto Sb–Sn smelter (Oruro, Bolivia) has been linked to arsenic and heavy metal pollution in air, soils, residual waters of the smelter, and hair and urine of workers, but crop concentrations had not been assessed previously. In this article, alfalfa, onions, and carrots, separated into roots and shoots, were analyzed for As and Pb, together with corresponding soil samples. The aim was to assess the environmental distribution and potential health impacts of these toxic elements and to compare them to levels observed at other sites around the world. As and Pb concentrations in all analyzed crop samples exceed the FAO/WHO, UK or Chilean limits by 1.5–2 orders of magnitude and As health risk indices were 286 (carrot) and 651 (onion), showing that the potential health risk due to consumption of these products is extremely high. As and Pb soil–plant transfer factors are similar to other contaminated sites around the world, but daily intake and health risk index for As are much higher in Vinto area due to very high concentrations in soils. Arsenic and lead soil and crop concentrations suggest increasing trends toward VMC. Correlations are significant for Pb in some crop fractions, but not for As, possibly due to considerable geogenic contributions to soil As in the area. In future surveys, larger numbers of soil and crop samples should be analyzed, and additional analyses should be carried out to distinguish anthropogenic and geogenic sources of As and Pb in soils and crops in the area.  相似文献   

2.
为了解潼关金矿矿区早期粗放式的矿业活动对矿区周边农田土壤的重金属污染状况的影响以及对暴露人群的不良健康效应的评价,采用地质调查工程选取了矿区附近6块农田土壤为研究对象,通过X射线荧光光谱分析法测定了68个土壤样本中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn等8种土壤重金属含量,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评估模型分别评价该区土壤重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险和人体健康风险。结果表明,该区农田土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn 6种重金属平均值高于潼关县土壤背景值,呈现不同程度的积累;Pb、Hg、Cd的土壤积累含量不仅超出了土壤重金属污染对农产品质量存在安全风险的最低限值农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,还分别以41.2%、72.1%、14.7%的超标率超出了土壤重金属污染对农产品质量存在安全风险的最高限值农用地土壤污染风险管制值;研究区土壤重金属污染评价显示,土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb总体污染程度最重,Cu、Zn总体呈现轻—重污染,Ni、Cr、As总体呈现无污染状态。生态风险评价显示,Hg、Cd、Pb为主要生态危害元素,Hg为极强风险,Cd和Pb为强风险。人体健康风险表明,研究区重金属对儿童的非致癌风险显著,Pb、Hg为主要非致癌因子;致癌风险均在合理范围,Cd致癌风险最大,手-口摄入为最主要的暴露途经,儿童更易受到重金属污染威胁。  相似文献   

3.
首钢地区表层土壤重金属的分布特征及污染评价   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
韩鹏  孙天河  袁国礼  黄勇 《现代地质》2012,26(5):963-971
利用多元统计分析和空间分析相结合的方法,分析了首钢地区表层土壤中Fe、Cr、Ni、V、As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg 10种重金属元素的地球化学特征。研究结果表明,10种元素可以归结为4类:第一类Ni、V、As的含量低于自然背景值,主要受成土母质等自然因素的影响;第二类Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn的含量已经超出自然背景值,其中Cu、Pb、Zn属于轻度污染,Cd属于中度污染,这一类元素主要受到交通和冶炼等人为因素的影响,高值区主要分布于居民区;第三类为Fe、Cr,同时受到自然因素和人为因素的共同影响,高值区集中分布在厂区和部分居民区;第四类为Hg,Hg因其是一种非点源污染的元素而单独聚为一类,主要受到人为因素的影响且高值样点位于河流区。总体而言,首钢地区表层土壤已经受到部分污染,需密切关注其对环境的危害及人群的潜在健康风险。本研究对该区域土壤污染风险评价和土地利用规划等具有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

4.
小秦岭金矿区小麦和玉米重金属的健康风险评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
重金属污染引发的农产品质量安全问题已成为全社会关注的焦点。为了解小秦岭金矿开发引起的重金属污染风险,采集了同点位的农田土壤、小麦和玉米籽粒样品,测定了其中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量及其在土壤中的形态;采用指数法和RAC风险评价法分析了土壤重金属的污染风险,采用转移因子和目标风险指数法评价了小麦、玉米籽粒中重金属的健康风险。结果表明:小秦岭金矿区土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn含量受矿业活动影响强度大,在土壤中累积明显;土壤中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu总量超过了国家限值,呈现污染;Cd、Hg、Cu具有潜在生态风险。小麦和玉米籽粒中Pb以及玉米籽粒中的Cd的平均含量高于国家标准,呈现一定程度的污染;部分小麦样品中的Hg、Cd和部分玉米样品中的Cd超过WHO/FAO安全限值,小麦和玉米籽粒中度Pb平均含量超过欧盟安全标准,说明具有潜在的健康风险。重金属的转移因子表明Cd、Zn及Cu比其他重金属更容易从土壤转移到小麦和玉米籽粒中;通过小麦对重金属的摄入量略高于玉米,远低于WHO/FAO推荐剂量;目标风险指数评价表明,只消费小麦或玉米基本不产生健康风险,但同时消费矿区生长的小麦和玉米具有较高的Pb健康风险。  相似文献   

5.
Gold mining activities in Apolobamba area, northwest of La Paz, Bolivia have created serious environmental concern and great risk to human health. The current methods used to extract gold are too primitive resulting in metal contamination of soil and water. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the degree of metal pollution, and (2) assess the risk to human health and environment in the Apolobamba area. Soil, water, sediment samples, and mine spills were collected and analyzed. Metals including Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Hg concentrations were higher in surface soils than in subsurface soils indicating active atmospheric deposition of metals. Sediment samples had elevated levels of metals probably from mine spills discharged into the Sunchulli River. Surface soils in the Sunchulli community show the highest levels of Pb and Hg in all soil samples and may pose a risk to the health of the human population and environment.  相似文献   

6.
为支撑雄安新区土地资源科学管理,完善中国土壤污染评价体系,文章以雄安新区某废旧金属冶炼区为研究区开展地质调查,采集541件表层土壤样品,测定了土壤中的Cd、Hg、Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni八种重金属元素的含量和pH,采用主成分分析法研究重金属元素的组合及分布特征,通过单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、地质累积指数法、潜在生态风险评价法和人体健康风险评价法对土壤重金属的污染程度及风险进行评价。结果显示：研究区土壤中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb元素超标主要受冶炼活动影响,As、Hg元素高值异常主要由受唐河污染的地下水灌溉引起;单因子污染指数超标比例大小顺序为Cd>As>Cu>Zn>Pb>Hg>Cr=Ni;内梅罗综合指数评价结果显示54%的样品达到了污染水平;地质累积指数超标比例大小为Cd>Cu>Pb>As>Zn>Hg>Ni>Cr,Cu、Cd、Zn、Pb、As极重污染比例分别为13.5%、10.2%、9.1%、10.9%、17.2%;Cd和Hg是主要的生态危害元素,Cd中等-强生态危害比例为65.2%,Hg中等-强生态危害比例为71.3%;非致癌风险因子主要为As、Cr、Pb,95.2%样品对儿童的非致癌风险超过了1,29件样品中As对儿童的致癌风险超过10-4,研究区土壤重金属对儿童具有较高的健康风险。  相似文献   

7.
小秦岭金矿区土壤重金属生物有效性与影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
张开军  魏迎春  徐友宁 《地质通报》2014,33(8):1182-1187
土壤中重金属生物有效性与影响因素分析是土壤重金属风险管控的关键问题。通过实地调查、现场采样、实验测试、综合分析等方法,分析了研究区100km2内Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属元素的有效态含量特征,研究了这些重金属有效态含量之间、有效态含量与全量、有效态与土壤pH、有机质含量、粒度等基本理化参数之间的相关性,分析了重金属污染来源。结果表明,土壤中Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu、Zn七种重金属有效态的平均含量分别为2.29mg/kg、594mg/kg、2.52mg/kg、6.30mg/kg、2.16mg/kg、48.14mg/kg、50.21mg/kg,其变异系数大小为:HgPbCuZnCdAsCr。Hg的变异系数最大,是由于金矿选矿活动采用混汞法提金排放的尾矿堆(库)分布不均。Hg、Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn有效态量与全量之间均存在显著的相关性;土壤有机质与重金属有效态之间存在显著的相关性;土壤pH与有效态重金属之间存在显著的负相关性;土壤粒度对重金属有效态的累积影响不明显。  相似文献   

8.
In the area surrounding the El Teniente giant porphyry copper deposit, eight soil sites were sampled at three depth levels in the summer 2004. The sites were selected for their theoretical potential of being influenced by past SO2 emissions from the smelter and/or seepage from a now idle tailings impoundment. The soil mineralogy, grain size distribution, total organic matter contents, major element composition, cation exchange capacity, and Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, As and SO4 2− concentrations were determined for all samples after nitric acid extraction and separate leaches by ammonium acetate (pH 7) and sodium acetate (pH 5). For water rinses, only Cu could be determined with the analytical set-up used. Cu and SO4 2− enrichment in topsoils was found at six sites either downwind from the smelter or within the combined influence of the smelter and the tailings impoundment. Both elements were released partially by ammonium and sodium acetate extractions. Due to the scarce background trace element concentrations of soil and rock outside the immediate mine area, assessment of trace element mobility for Mo, Zn, Pb and As was difficult. Arsenic was found to be concentrated in soil horizons with high smectite and/or organic matter contents. Mo appears to be linked to the presence of windblown tailings sediment in the soils. Mobilization of Mo, Zn, and As for the acetate extractions was minimal or below the detection limits for the AAS technique used. The presence of windblown tailings is considered to be an additional impact on the soils in the foothills of the El Teniente compound, together with the potential of acidity surges and Cu mobilization in topsoils after rainfalls. Two sites located at the western limit of the former SO2 saturated zone with strongly zeolitized soils and underlying rock did not show any Cu or SO4 2− enrichment in the topsoils, and remaining total trace element concentrations were below the known regional background levels.  相似文献   

9.
Atmospheric pollution from atmospheric particulate matter (APM) deposition is one of the major sources of potential hazardous elements (PHEs) contamination. In this study, 68 total APM samples were collected from the local areas of southern Xi’an (NW China) during the long-term period of the 2001–2012 dust campaign. The chemical fractionation of PHEs (Cr, Cu, Ba, Sr, As, Pb, and Zn), their contamination levels, and ecological health risk were examined. The mobility sequence based on the sums of the first three fractionations of the modified BCR (the European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction stages was: Cu (77.83 %) > Pb (74.50 %) > Zn (55.40) > Sr (52.93) > Ba (40.89) > Cr (30.09) > As (21.59). The contamination levels of APMs from these sites, calculated from the total content indices ICF, were uniformly moderate in degree. The obtained single-metal model MIMERSS (speciation index) values had allowed for classification of elements as a function of their potential ecological risk as As (64.00 mean value) > Pb (43.86) > Sr (37.50) > Cu (11.53) ? Ba (11.32) > Zn (7.68) > Cr (1.88). The results presented that the toxic As posed a moderate to considerable risk; Pb and Sr varied from low to a moderate risk, while others posed low risk. However, a new developed multi-metal model GRIIERMS (speciation index) indicated that the PHEs in most of the APMs posed moderate ecological risk. The result was consistent with that of ICF indexes. Combined with the US Environmental Protection Agency, we developed models of (ingestion, dermal and inhalation) hazard index (HI), children’s health risk due to PHEs exposure from APM was higher than that for adults. Much attention should be paid to the PHE As (HI = 0.864, close to 1) for children. While, carcinogenic risk for adults was higher than that for children. Although cancer risk because of As, Cr and Pb exposure were within an acceptable range, the PHEs exposed to the highest density of the population in residential and educational villages in south of Xi’an would be much more concerned. The moderate ecological risk and the higher risk for children’s health illustrated that special attention has to be taken to the mentioned PHEs from APMs in the local ecosystem, and their health risk impact should continue to be checked carefully. The new developed GRIIERMS index method was to be useful for risk assessment of PHEs combining with their chemical fractionations.  相似文献   

10.
Mitrovica, northern Kosovo, is the site of some of the highest Pb concentrations reported in human populations; exemplified by Pb concentrations in scalp hair of up to 130 μg g−1 and widely-publicized of Pb-related ill-health and mortality amongst internally displaced populations. High human Pb burdens are accompanied by elevated concentrations of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) in soils and house dust within the city, which has a long history of mining and metallurgy. In this study enrichment-levels for PHEs in soils are quantified and compared to environmental quality guidelines and a statistically-derived estimation of background concentration. In addition, Pb isotopes (207Pb/206Pb, 208Pb/206Pb) are used to characterise the isotopic signatures of potential point sources of Pb and a mixing model employed to quantify the contribution of sources to Pb present in soils, house dust, and the scalp hair of children and young people. Pb isotopic evidence suggests that Pb in surface soils and house-dust is predominantly sourced from historical deposition of Pb-containing aerosols from metal smelting, with lower contributions from wind-blown dispersal of metalliferous waste. Pb present in scalp hair is interpreted as the result of non-occupational exposure and the ingestion and/or inhalation of Pb-enriched surface soil and house dust. This study represents one of the very few instances where this type of geochemical tracing technique has been successfully applied to definitively identify the source of Pb present within biological samples. The results of this study are of particular relevance to environmental management and highlight the human health risk posed by the legacy of now inactive mining and metallurgy in addition to the challenge posed in mitigating the risk posed by diffuse soil pollution.  相似文献   

11.
Many abandoned mine sites in Cornwall, UK, are characterised by elevated concentrations of arsenic (As), which can cause contamination of surrounding soil and water resources. These sites have important historical value that requires access to be maintained, despite exposure of humans to toxins that may lead to health issues including hyperpigmentation keratosis (including skin cancers) and liver fibrosis. The abandoned mine tailings at Wheal Maid has been assessed for As-bearing mineralogy and stability taking into account the public footpaths made by the local council to areas of potential contamination.To assess the potential risk associated with these mine sites, the As concentration in waters along the tailings dam and Carnon River have been measured and range up to 3.6 ppm, which is 2 orders of magnitude above the WHO guideline value of 0.01 ppm for drinking water. Samples of water, rocks and soils from the mine tailings ponds and the Carnon River were analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the concentration of individual elements in each sample followed by mineral identification using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Mineralogical evaluation indicated that the majority of mine tailings consist of clay-rich rocks, with few associated As-bearing minerals. Scorodite (FeAsO4·2H2O) is observed in the mine tailings pond and appears critical to the As distribution and storage in this surface environment. Using the analysed water chemistry, a modified version of PHREEQC is used to calculate the saturation index of scorodite as a function of pH conditions. The strong variation of the solubility of this mineral with pH and oxidation state highlights potential risks for using scorodite for As fixation and storage.  相似文献   

12.
Contamination of soils with heavy metals is widespread and poses a long-term risk to ecosystem health. Abandoned and active mining sites contain residues from ore-processing operations that are characterised by high concentrations of heavy metals. The distribution and mobility characteristics of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in paddy soil samples from Kočani Field (Macedonia) using ICP-EAS and a sequential extraction procedure was evaluated. The results indicate that highly elevated concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were detected in the paddy soil sample from location VII-2 in the vicinity of Zletovo mine and Zletovska river in the western part of Kočani Field, which drains the untreated acid mine waters and mine wastes from the active Zletovo mine. The degree of contamination based on index of geoaccumulation (I geo) from strong to weak in the paddy soils samples is Pb > As > Cd > Zn > Cu. The mobility potential of heavy metals in all paddy soil samples increases in the order As < Cu < Pb < Zn < Cd. According to the results of the anthropogenic impact on the paddy soils, a further study on the heavy metal concentrations in rice and other edible crops, the remediation process of the paddy soils and a dietary study of the local population are needed.  相似文献   

13.
This article investigates the relationship between soil Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn contaminants and the location and activities of the Pb–Zn–Ag and Cu mines at Mount Isa, Queensland, Australia. Analysis of the data focuses primarily on soil Pb distributions and concentrations because of their potential impact on children’s health. The Xstrata Mount Isa Mines lease (XMIM) is Australia’s leading emitter of numerous contaminants to the environment, including Cu and Pb, and the mining-related activities have been linked causally to the findings of a 2008 study that showed 11.3% of local children (12–60 months) have blood Pb levels >10 μg/dL. Queensland government authorities and Xstrata Mount Isa Mines Pty Ltd maintain that contaminants within environmental systems around Mount Isa are largely the result of near-surface mineralization. The evidence for whether the contamination is derived from XMIM or other possible sources, such as the natural weathering of ore-rich bedrock, is investigated using data from surface and subsurface soil chemistry, atmospheric modelling of metal contaminants from mining and smelting operations and local geological and associated geochemical studies. Sixty surface soil samples collected from sites adjacent to houses, parks and schools throughout Mount Isa city were analyzed for their total extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations in the <2 mm to >180 μm (coarser) and <180 μm (finer) grain size fractions. Concentrations in the finer size fraction reveal a range of values: Cd – 0.7–12.5 ppm; Cu – 31–12,100 ppm; Pb – 8–5770 ppm; Zn – 26–11,100 ppm, with several samples exceeding Australian residential health investigation guidelines. Spatial analysis shows that surface soil metal concentrations are significantly higher within 2 km of XMIM compared to more distant samples, and that more than 1000 property lots are at risk of having detrimentally high soil Pb levels. Determination of metal concentrations in 49 samples from eight soil pits shows that surface samples (0–2 cm) are enriched significantly relative to those at depth (10–20 cm), suggesting an atmospheric depositional origin. AUSPLUME air dispersal modelling of Pb originating from the Cu and Pb smelter stacks and mine site fugitive sources confirms that Pb is deposited across the urban area, during periods of the year (∼20%/a) when the wind blows from the direction of XMIM towards the urban area and disperses dusts from the uncovered spoil and road surfaces, as well as from stack emission sources. Although there are some spatially restricted outcrops of Pb close to the surface in parts of the urban area, the Cu-ore body is ∼244 m below the surface. However, enriched and significantly correlated surface soil concentrations of Cu and Pb (Pearson correlation 0.879, p = 0.000) in and around the urban area of Mount Isa can only be explained by atmospheric transport and deposition of metals from the adjoining mining and smelting operations. The results from this study provide unequivocal evidence that both historic and ongoing emissions from XMIM are contaminating the urban environment. Given the ongoing Pb poisoning issues in Mount Isa children, it is clear that remediation, reductions in mine emissions and more stringent regulatory actions are warranted.  相似文献   

14.
重庆秀山西北部农田土壤重金属生态健康风险评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
为了解矿业活动较多的重庆秀山县西北部农田土壤重金属污染状况,采集了表层土壤样品386件,分析测定As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn等9种重金属元素,采用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评估模型,对该区土壤重金属污染程度、生态风险和健康风险进行评估。结果表明,该区农田土壤9种重金属平均值都高于重庆市土壤背景值,呈现不同程度的积累;Cd、Hg明显超出国家农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,超标率分别为75.2%和44.6%。土壤中Hg污染较严重,处于中污染或重污染状态,Mn、As、Cd总体呈轻污染,其余重金属基本无污染。生态风险评价显示,Hg、Cd为主要生态危害元素,Hg以强、很强和极强风险为主,Cd以中等风险为主。人体健康风险评价显示,儿童更易受到重金属污染威胁,重金属对成人不具有非致癌风险,对儿童具有非致癌风险,As、Cr是主要非致癌因子;成人致癌风险在可接受范围内,个别土壤样对儿童具有致癌风险,As致癌风险最大。  相似文献   

15.
基于地球化学基线的土壤重金属污染潜在生态风险评价   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  
地球化学基线是区分地球化学背景和异常的重要参数。在采集和测试德兴地区约5000km^2面积的479个表层土壤样品基础上，采用标准化方法确定了样品中Cu，Pb，Zn，Cd，Cr，As和Hg等7种重金属元素的基线值，并以基线作为潜在生态风险评价的参比值，对德兴地区土壤重金属污染进行潜在生态风险评价。结果表明：研究区可划分为3个潜在生态风险等级：轻微生态风险、中等生态风险和强生态风险，强生态风险区主要分布在德兴铜矿和钟家山煤矿等矿业活动区附近。其他大部分地区为轻微生态风险区。  相似文献   

16.
A soil geochemical survey was undertaken in the cultivated region of Agia in Thessaly area, Central Greece. The objectives of the study were to assess the levels of soil contamination in respect to average concentrations of toxic metals in the region, to determine the associations between the different toxic elements and their spatial distribution and to identify possible sources of contamination that can explain the spatial patterns of soil pollution in the area. One hundred seventy three soil samples were collected and analysed by ICP-AES after digestion with a mixture of HClO4–HNO3–H2O. The study focused on eleven elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mn, As, V, Cr, Fe and Mg) and all of them except Pb have mean concentrations above the average global soil composition. The elements Ni, Cr, Mn and V show concentrations that according to G.L.C guidelines the Agia soils are classified as slightly contaminated to contaminated. Factor analysis explained 84.02% of the total variance of the data through four factors. Combined with spatial interpretation of its output, the method successfully grouped the elements according to their sources and provided evidence about their natural or anthropogenic origin.  相似文献   

17.
研究雄安地区土壤重金属和砷元素空间分布特征及其来源,对于支撑新区土地资源和环境管理具有重要意义。基于雄安新区土壤环境调查,运用地统计学方法和ArcGIS 技术分析模拟了土壤中As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr等8种元素空间分布特征,综合运用空间分析、多元统计学方法和正定因子矩阵模型解析这些元素的主要来源。结果表明:（1）区内土壤质量总体良好,4.35 %的土壤样品Cd和Cu含量超过农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,但均低于农用地土壤污染风险管控值;与河北省背景值相比,Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn和Hg存在不同程度中度和显著富集。（2）As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr含量呈现出由北部向南部逐渐增高的趋势,高值区主要分布在新区西南部;Hg元素分布分散,高值区主要分布在城镇及工业企业周边。（3）不同土地利用类型土壤剖面重金属和砷元素垂向分布受pH值、有机碳和铁铝氧化物等理化性质影响显著。（4）研究区土壤重金属和砷元素富集受人类活动影响明显,人为来源贡献率达67.12 %,Hg元素主要来源于人为排放的大气沉降富集,As元素富集受到废渣堆放和利用的影响,Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn元素富集受工业生产、污水灌溉以及尾气排放等活动影响。研究成果可为雄安新区合理制定土地资源开发利用和生态保护措施提供技术支撑。  相似文献   

18.
Anzali international wetland located in southwestern Caspian Sea coast is one of the most important wetlands of Iran from environmental and ecological points of view. Metal concentrations (Cu, Zn, Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni, Cd, and Li) in 41 surface sediment samples from Anzali wetland were determined. Assessment of ecological risk of sediment samples as well as their degree of contamination revealed considerable ecological risk and moderate degree of contamination in eastern part of the study area. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify metal content relationship and their origin. Higher enrichment factors of Cd, Pb, and Zn exhibited probable effects on human activities. Based on sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), moderate potential toxicity levels of sediment samples were identified. A new sediment quality index named sediment toxicity degree was developed based on the results of the multivariate statistical analysis to assess metal toxicity in surface sediments of aquatic systems. Results showed higher sensitivity of the new index (STd) to assess toxic effect of heavy metals on sediments and better capability to differentiate zones with different levels of risk within the study area than that of some other indices such as SQG-Q.  相似文献   

19.
北京市延庆区是首都生态涵养区,开展土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析研究对保障土地安全利用、防控生态环境风险具有重要意义。采集延庆区2 354件表层土样及44件深层土样,测试分析了重金属元素As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、V、Zn及Sc等含量。采用空间分布分析、多元统计分析与受体模型相结合的方法,阐明了土壤重金属元素分布特征,解析了土壤重金属潜在来源,并计算了不同来源对土壤重金属的相对贡献率。结果表明,表层土壤中V、Cr、Ni、As元素主要来源于成土母质,Cd、Zn、Pb含量高值区集中分布于人口密集区域,人为活动对该3种元素影响较大,而Hg主要受大气干湿沉降的影响。深层土壤中Hg元素在居民区含量较高,而其余元素均未受到人为活动的影响。  相似文献   

20.
《Applied Geochemistry》1999,14(2):187-196
High concentrations of several heavy metals were suspected in soils in an area of some contemporary and extensive historical mining and smelting of Pb and Zn near the town of Bytom. In order to investigate the spatial distribution of heavy metals, 152 soil samples were taken at high sampling density in an area of 14 km2 on a regular grid as well as along an 11 km transect. The samples were analysed for total Pb, Zn and Cd content by ICP-AES; a selection of samples were also analysed for total As content.Significant levels of contamination were found. Median topsoil concentrations (0–10 cm) for Pb, Cd, Zn and As were 430 μg g−1, 13 μg g−1, 1245 μg g−1 and 35 μg g−1, respectively. The detected levels of Pb, Zn and Cd were mostly in reasonable agreement with findings from a previous low-density study, but As concentrations were up to 6 times higher than had previously been reported for the area. Additional zones of particularly high concentrations could be identified for all 4 elements by this higher-density survey. Contaminant concentrations were generally found to decrease substantially with increasing depth, on average by a factor of 3.5 for Cd, 3.0 for Zn and 2.6 for Pb. However, significant subsoil contamination (40–50 cm) was also detected, in particular for Zn, Pb and As, which appeared to be enriched at depth in certain locations.To assess the potential availability of the metals to plants, the exchangeable fraction (0.5 M MgCl2) was estimated for Pb, Zn and Cd for 84 samples. Levels were strongly influenced by soil pH and were generally low for Pb (less than 1% of total, max 15.6%), moderate for Zn (less than 10% of total, max 32.4%), and high for Cd (mean 35% of total, max 59.8%). For Zn and Pb, there seemed to be a threshold pH value of about 6, below which a significant increase in the exchangeable fraction was observed. No such threshold value appeared to exist for Cd, which was found to be relatively labile even in slightly alkaline soils (mean of 27.6% exchangeable Cd in pH range 7–8).The detected levels of total metal contamination exceed various national and international thresholds, indicating the need for further investigation and an assessment of the suitability of the land for agricultural use, particularly in view of the high levels of exchangeable Cd.The pattern of spatial variation of the metals in the topsoil indicates that a variety of sources might be responsible for the contamination, historical mining and smelting probably being the most important.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号