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1.
珙县恐龙化石埋藏地自流井组泥质岩地球化学特征及其对物源区和古风化作用的指示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川珙县恐龙化石埋藏地是四川盆地早侏罗世重要的恐龙化石点,恐龙化石埋藏于下侏罗统自流井组之中。对该恐龙化石埋藏地自流井组泥质岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征进行了研究,并根据其地球化学特征讨论了物源区性质、构造背景以及物源区的风化特征。常量元素和稀土元素表明其物源区以长英质岩石为主,构造背景为被动大陆边缘;反映化学风化程度的C IA指数及成分成熟度的ICV指数,表明物源区经历了较强的化学风化作用,反映了早侏罗世恐龙生活在一个温暖潮湿的古气候环境之中。 相似文献
2.
清河镇动物群各类化石的地史分布 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
清河镇动物群分布于华北地台北缘。建立清河镇动物群时,认为清河镇动物群包括管状化石、壳瓣状化石、球状壳化石、针状化石和近骨状类化石五个类型,并认为清河镇动物群的时代与梅树村动物群的时代相当。本文通过对清河镇动物群各类化石的分布规律和对所产化石地层的地质年代学和地层学的研究,认为不宜把针状化石和壳瓣状化石归入清河镇动物群;近骨状化石分布局限,其地史分布难以确定;管状化石出现于中元古代,至震旦纪和寒武纪大量产出,延续到奥陶纪;球状壳化石出现于寒武纪早期,至奥陶纪仍有。 相似文献
3.
南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物地球化学特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
依据南海北部陆架海域225个站位表层沉积物粒度和常量元素的地球化学分析,探讨了常量元素的空间分布规律及地质意义。该区域沉积物主要为粉砂、细砂等细粒沉积,平均粒径5.38。沉积物常量元素组合以SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O、K2O为主,约占沉积物总量的87.96%,其空间分布特征与沉积物类型密切相关。Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、Org.C等分布趋势相似,具有较好的相关性,倾向于富集在细粒沉积物中;SiO2、CaO、CaCO3与大多数元素呈负相关,倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中,反映了“元素的粒度控制律”。元素总体分布规律显示沉积物的常量元素含量受细粒黏土矿物吸附作用、石英矿物和碳酸钙稀释作用的共同影响。元素统计结果表明,表层沉积物的常量元素大体可分为2类：第1类包括Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、TiO2、P2O5、MnO等,代表陆源较细粒碎屑沉积,是控制研究区沉积物化学成分的最主要因素;第2类主要包括CaO、CaCO3,代表海洋生物沉积。同时可将研究区分为3个沉积区域：I沉积区为粤西近岸及北部湾北部区域,具有明显陆源碎屑沉积特征;Ⅱ沉积区位于粤西陆架水深＞60 m海域,受海源生物作用明显;Ⅲ沉积区位于珠江口西南部水深40～60 m海域,为斑块状砾质粗粒沉积。 相似文献
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6.
《物探化探计算技术》2015,(4)
对南海北部湾东部海域61个站位表层沉积物的常量元素分析结果表明,研究区沉积物中的常量元素以SiO2、Al2O3和CaO含量最高,平均含量分别为61.83%、11.18%和5.32%,其中SiO2、Al2O3代表了陆源碎屑组分,CaO代表了生物碎屑组分。沉积物中常量元素的含量与沉积物类型密切相关,表明元素的丰度受沉积物粒度控制明显;而元素较低的富集系数,指示沉积物中的碎屑物质主要为地壳来源。元素相关分析和R型因子分析表明,沉积作用、粒度效应、海洋生物作用和自生作用等,对沉积物中常量元素的分布起着主要控制作用。在因子分析基础上,应用Q型聚类法并综合元素空间分布规律和富集特征,把研究区分为六个地球化学分区:Ⅰ区沉积物主要来源于北部湾北部的河流输砂和近岸侵蚀物;Ⅱ区为琼州海峡东侧来砂、昌化江以及红河等其他河流输砂以及北部湾周边近岸侵蚀物的混合沉积;Ⅲ区主要为红河输砂;Ⅳ区沉积物主要来源于海南岛西部和南部近岸侵蚀物,另外海洋生物活动和自生作用也是该区沉积物的重要物质来源;Ⅴ区和Ⅵ区为北部湾湾内沉积物与外海沉积物共同作用下的混合沉积,其中Ⅵ区部分海域的沉积物受到自生作用影响。 相似文献
7.
广元恐龙化石埋藏地是四川盆地中侏罗世重要的恐龙化石点,恐龙化石埋藏于中侏罗统沙溪庙组之中。笔者对该恐龙化石埋藏地沙溪庙组泥质岩的常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征进行了研究,并根据泥质岩的地球化学特征讨论了物源区性质、构造背景以及物源区的风化特征。主量元素和稀土元素表明其物源区以长英质岩石为主,构造背景为被动大陆边缘:指示化学风化程度的CIA指数及成分成熟度的ICV指数,表明物源区经历了中等的化学风化作用,反映了中侏罗世恐龙生活在半干旱的古气候环境之中。 相似文献
8.
中元古代罕见的实体宏观藻类化石——来自天津蓟县中元古界高于庄组第三段非叠层石碳酸盐沉积序列中的新材料 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
天津蓟县剖面的中元古界高于庄组可以划分为4个段,其中第三段组成一个特别的非叠层石碳酸盐岩序列。在该非叠层石碳酸盐岩序列上部的隐晶质泥晶灰岩中,发育着还存在成因争议的臼齿状构造,与其伴生的是多种类型的实体宏观藻类化石。根据宏观形态特征,可以将这些宏观藻类化石暂时归为球状丘尔藻、椭球状寿县藻、带状塔乌藻和豆荚状荚藻、卵圆状卵圆藻、舌状舌藻等多种类型,以前二种居多,组成一个球状丘尔藻—椭球状寿县藻组合。这些宏观藻类化石,曾经被认为是臼齿状构造的一种而称为"球状臼齿状构造",或被简单地当作燧石结核、钙质结核等等。但是,由于其具有规则的宏观形态,其中的球形或次球形化石在常规岩石薄片下还显示出可能的原始多细胞组织分化和可能的细胞显微结构,与充填臼齿状构造的方解石微亮晶形成明显的区别,所以不应该将其定义为臼齿状构造,更不能解释为钙质结核和燧石结核,其以罕见的实体化石不同于多年来所描述的、以碳质压型化石的形式产出的宏观藻类化石。其规则多样的宏观形态所表明的多种化石类型,以及那些球状或次球状实体宏观藻类化石显示出可能的多细胞组织及相似的细胞显微结构,表明具明显的原始多细胞真核生物特征,这为探索前寒武纪真核生物的起源与演化提供了宝贵的实际材料。 相似文献
9.
笔者定量研究了太平洋东部海水、孔隙水、沉积物及多金属结核中微生物地球化学作用与多金属结核生成的关系。重点研究了好气性微生物(铁细菌、排硫杆菌、嗜盐菌及锰氧化菌)和厌气性微生物(硫酸盐还原菌、反硝化菌、脱氮硫杆菌)的活动强度和生物转移率与成矿的关系。对比模拟实验研究了微生物和化学作用对成矿元素的转移和聚集,结果表明,微生物改变了系统氧化还原条件,对成矿元素的沉淀强度远远超出了化学作用,并加速了Fe、Mn的富集成矿作用,促使元素富集而间接成矿。 扫描电镜及透射电镜研究首次发现多金属结核各壳层中存在大小不等、形状不一的球状、杆状、椭球状及丝状的古微生物体化石,而且在多金属结核核心部位还发现有纳米级的球状、链状、串珠状等超微菌化石。有些矿化的微生物细胞壁上含 相似文献
10.
宏观藻类化石及其相关的“前寒武纪谜”:对天津蓟县剖面中元古代早期高于庄组第三段中一些现象的思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在漫长的前寒武纪,存在若干谜一样的问题,如叠层石的生长机理、臼齿状构造的成因、白云岩的形成机制和宏观藻类化石的生物学属性及其分类归属等。宏观藻类化石是指那些肉眼可见的低等植物化石,因为与现代藻类的亲缘关系尚未完全确定,它们的生物学属性及其分类位置还存在较多的争议,所以宏观藻类化石成为一个"前寒武纪谜"。发现于天津蓟县剖面高于庄组第三段非叠层石灰岩(均一石灰岩)中的可能的实体宏观藻类化石,与成因还存在争议的臼齿状构造共生,包括球状丘尔藻、椭球状寿县藻、带状塔乌藻和豆荚状荚藻等4种类型,尤其以前两种居多,组成一个丘尔藻-寿县藻组合;这些多为球状体的化石,曾经被认为是臼齿状构造的一种,称为"球状臼齿状构造",但是,由于这些宏观藻类化石具有规则的形态、较为明显的可能的细胞显微结构,与充填臼齿状构造的方解石微亮晶形成明显的区别,不属于臼齿状构造;而且以实体化石产出,与多年来所描述的碳质压型化石又存在较大的区别;同时,该球状化石的中心部位硅化而边部为钙化体,也明显区别于一般的钙质结核、燧石结核、凝灰岩结核和气泡构造等。这些球状实体化石,要比H.J.Hofmann所报道的加拿大麦肯齐山小达尔群(Little Dal Group)的臼齿状构造灰岩中的实体宏观藻类化石的形成时代要老得多,有可能是最为古老的实体宏观藻类化石。高于庄组臼齿状构造灰岩中的实体宏观藻类化石,成为思考若干前寒武纪谜的重要现象。 相似文献
11.
Alan Levett Emma J. Gagen Hui Diao Paul Guagliardo Llew Rintoul Anat Paz Paulo M. Vasconcelos Gordon Southam 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):1125-1138
Demonstrating the biogenicity of presumptive microfossils in the geological record often requires supporting chemical signatures, including isotopic signatures. Understanding the mechanisms that promote the preservation of microbial biosignatures associated with microfossils is fundamental to unravelling the palaeomicrobiological history of the material. Organomineralization of microorganisms is likely to represent the first stages of microbial fossilisation and has been hypothesised to prevent the autolytic degradation of microbial cell envelope structures. In the present study, two distinct fossilisation textures(permineralised microfossils and iron oxide encrusted cell envelopes)identified throughout iron-rich rock samples were analysed using nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry(NanoSIMS). In this system, aluminium is enriched around the permineralised microfossils, while iron is enriched within the intracellularly, within distinct cell envelopes. Remarkably,while cell wall structures are indicated, carbon and nitrogen biosignatures are not preserved with permineralised microfossils. Therefore, the enrichment of aluminium, delineating these microfossils appears to have been critical to their structural preservation in this iron-rich environment. In contrast,NanoSIMS analysis of mineral encrusted cell envelopes reveals that preserved carbon and nitrogen biosignatures are associated with the cell envelope structures of these microfossils. Interestingly, iron is depleted in regions where carbon and nitrogen are preserved. In contrast aluminium appears to be slightly enriched in regions associated with remnant cell envelope structures. The correlation of aluminium with carbon and nitrogen biosignatures suggests the complexation of aluminium with preserved cell envelope structures before or immediately after cell death may have inactivated autolytic activity preventing the rapid breakdown of these organic, macromolecular structures.Combined, these results highlight that aluminium may play an important role in the preservation of microorganisms within the rock record. 相似文献
12.
《Precambrian Research》1985,28(2):163-173
Eight categories of organic-walled coccoid microfossils in the c. 700-Ma-old Doushantuo Formation are described and named. Of these, one genus and species (Paratetraphycus giganteus) is new. Most of the microfossils are interpreted as being the remains of the Chroococcaceae and are morphologically comparable to those of the 650-Ma-old Yudoma microbiota and the 850-Ma-old Bitter Springs microbiota. These microfossils occur in non-stromatolitic cherts, adding preservational information to the study of Precambrian life. 相似文献
13.
20 0 3年的 1∶2 5万地质填图和实测剖面工作中 ,在新疆喀喇昆仑山地区岔路口一带原划二叠纪加温达坂组哑地层中首次采到了大量孢粉化石 ,鉴定为晚二叠世早期。同时 ,对该套地层进行了重新厘定 ,划定为上二叠统早期神仙湾组 ,并对其沉积环境进行了探讨。 相似文献
14.
Abstract This paper reports for the first time on the microfossils discovered in the black cherts of the basal part of the Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation at Miaohe village, Zigui County, Hubei Province, all of which were observed in thin sections. Nine genera, 9 species and 3 indeterminate species (including a new species) are described. According to these microfossils, the conclusion is made that the microfossil zone may be equivalent to the small shelly fossil assemblage zones 2-3 of the Meishucun stage. They have provided another important line of evidence for the correlation of the Sinian-Cambrian boundary strata with those of the adjacent areas. 相似文献
15.
A. M. Stanevich A. M. Mazukabzov T. A. Kornilova E. N. Maksimova 《Lithology and Mineral Resources》2012,47(1):89-97
First finds of microfossils from the silicified microphytolitic carbonates of the Uluntui Formation in the southwestern Baikal
region are described. They are represented by remains of the cyanobacterial community that formed microphytolites. These microfossils
are accompanied by acritarchs probably belonging to green algae. The silicified microfossils are sufficiently well preserved
despite complete and repeated recrystallization of host primary carbonate rocks. Main phases of secondary mineralization are
related to hydrothermal-metasomatic processes, which were likely provoked by collisional events on the southern flank of the
Siberian Craton in the Silurian. 相似文献
16.
M. D. Muir 《Mineralium Deposita》1981,16(1):51-57
The Urquhart Shale from Mount Isa, Queensland, hosts major lead-zinc and copper orebodies. Re-examination of organic matter from the lead-zinc ore bodies has shown that abundant microfossils characteristic of lacustrine environments are present, and substantiates earlier results of Love and Zimmerman (1961). The framboid residues described by these authors are not microfossils but nevertheless the occurrence of framboidal pyrite has important implications for the timing of lead-zinc mineralisation. A diagenetic model is proposed for the lead-zinc ore bodies, and a later transgressive event accounts for the mode of occurrence of the copper ore bodies. 相似文献
17.
Freshwater chlorophycean algae in recent marine sediments of the Beaufort, Laptev and Kara Seas (Arctic Ocean) as indicators of river runoff 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Jens Matthiessen Martina Kunz-Pirrung Peta J. Mudie 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2000,89(3):470-485
Freshwater chlorophycean algae are characteristic organic-walled microfossils in recent coastal and shelf sediments from the Beaufort, Laptev and Kara seas (Arctic Ocean). The persistent occurrence of the chlorophycean algae Pediastrum spp. and Botryococcus cf. braunii in marine palynomorph assemblages is related to the discharge of freshwater and suspended matter from the large Siberian and North American rivers into the Arctic shelf seas. The distribution patterns of these algae in the marine environments reflect the predominant deposition of riverine sediments and organic matter along the salinity gradient from the outer estuaries and prodeltas to the shelf break. Sedimentary processes overprint the primary distribution of these algae. Resuspension of sediments by waves and bottom currents may transport sediments in the bottom nepheloid layer along the submarine channels to the shelf break. Bottom sediments and microfossils may be incorporated into sea ice during freeze-up in autumn and winter leading to an export from the shelves into the deep sea. The presence of these freshwater algae in sea-ice and bottom sediments in the central Arctic Ocean confirm that transport in sea ice is an important process which leads to a redistribution of shallow water microfossils. 相似文献
18.
Changho Lee Tae Sup Yun Jong-Sub Lee Jang Jun Bahk J. Carlos Santamarina 《Engineering Geology》2011,117(1-2):151-158
The geotechnical characteristics of Ulleung Basin sediments are explored using depressurized samples obtained at 2100 m water depth and 110 m below the sea floor. Geotechnical index tests, X-ray diffraction, and SEM images were obtained to identify the governing sediment parameters, chemical composition and mineralogy. We use an instrumented multi-sensor oedometer cell to determine the small-strain stiffness, zero-lateral strain compressibility and electromagnetic properties, and a triaxial device to measure shear strength. SEM images show a sediment structure dominated by microfossils, with some clay minerals that include kaolinite, illite, and chlorite. The preponderant presence of microfossils determines the high porosity of these sediments, defines their microstructure, and governs all macroscale properties. The shear wave velocity increases as the vertical effective stress increases; on the other hand, porosity, permittivity, electrical conductivity, and hydraulic conductivity decrease with increasing confinement. All these parameters exhibit a bi-linear response with effective vertical stress due to the crushable nature of microfossils. Well-established empirical correlations used to evaluate engineering parameters do not apply for these diatomaceous sediments which exhibit higher compressibility than anticipated based on correlations with index properties. Settlements will be particularly important if gas production is attempted using depressurization because this approach will cause both hydrate dissociation and increase in effective stress. 相似文献
19.
Patrick Sean Quinn 《Geoarchaeology》2008,23(2):275-291
The microscopic remains of organisms, or “microfossils,” can occur within or attached to a range of different inorganic archaeological materials. Because of their small size, these inconspicuous phenomena can be easily overlooked. However, as this paper illustrates, the detailed biological and palaeontological analysis of microfossils in such contexts may be an important source of archaeological data. By critically reviewing a range of specialized cross‐disciplinary analyses, it is shown how microfossils can be used to provenance inorganic artifacts, reconstruct aspects of their manufacturing technology, and infer their function. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
20.
Theories related to the precipitation mechanism of the metallic elements in marine manganese nodules have remained controversial between two schools of thoughts (1) chemical oxidation (abiotic origin) and (2) deposition of the metals through microbial enzymatic processes (biogenic origin). One of the most important evidence in support of the biogenic origin is the occurrence of fossilized microbes. However, well-documented literature in this regard is either lacking or very scanty in case of Indian Ocean nodules. Using high resolution FEG-SEM we have recorded various biogenic signatures and ultra microfossils in the ferromanganese nodule samples from Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) that are presented in this paper. The microfossils are mostly protozoans belonging to varieties of bacteria, diatoms and foraminifera. Some of the features recorded in this study have perhaps never been reported before from any manganese nodules. The chemical compositions of these ultra microfossils indicate a high-level of manganese precipitation in and around them in comparison to the distant surrounding areas. While clumpy microbes are enriched with nickel, the rod shaped bacteria are rich in copper. Up to 4.70 wt.% nickel and 5.31 wt.% Cu have been recorded in the fossilized microbe bodies. The high abundance of biogenic features as well as microfossils in the ferromanganese nodules and their chemical compositions support arguments in favor of a dominant role of the microorganisms in the construction of the nodules of the CIOB. 相似文献