共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
选用水泥砂浆和玻璃钢分别模拟岩石和锚杆,浇筑2.5 m×1.8 m×2.1 m尺寸的岩体模型,通过模型试验研究近区锚喷结构在掏槽爆破作用下的振动特性。利用测试锚杆测得不同设置情况锚杆上的应变波。试验结果表明,端锚锚杆中部锚固段与锚杆尾部自由段测得的振动波形和变形形式完全不同,中部锚固段振动幅值稍大;在不设置喷层和预应力时,尾部自由段的应变波规律性更强,且持续时间长;随着离爆源距离的增加,锚杆的振动频率和幅值衰减明显,但振动持续时间则稍有增长;通过小波变化的时频方法分析应变波的能量,临近工作面锚杆的振动能量大,但能量分布分散,振动时间有限,稍远的锚杆虽振动能量小,但能量集中,持续时间长;两种不同能量对锚喷结构产生不同的损坏模式。试验和实践发现,爆破容易造成附近喷层的损坏和锚杆的失效,钢纤维混凝土可增加喷层的抗动载性能,调整支护工艺也是减小爆破影响的有效方法。 相似文献
2.
为了研究锚杆间距对全长黏结锚杆之间相互作用产生的影响,推导出基于Mindlin解的双锚杆锚固段应力分布近似解,并结合单锚和双锚静载拉拔模型试验,得到了锚杆间距改变对双锚杆应力分布、极限承载力及最终破坏形态的影响规律。结果表明：间距减小使得锚杆的轴向应力和侧摩阻力呈现均匀化趋势,且轴向应力随间距减小而增大,锚固段中部增长幅度最大。当锚固系统进入破坏阶段,随着间距减小,锚固系统周边岩体破坏的位置深度增加,破坏锥形体的面积增大,并由单锚的倒锥状破坏转变为复合破坏模式。间距过小时,增加锚杆数量对承载力的提升十分有限,为起到锚固联合作用,锚杆间距应不小于10 D(D为锚杆直径),在软弱岩体中间距取值应加大。 相似文献
3.
假设锚杆为与周围介质相同的材料,视锚杆作用的岩土体为弹性半空间位移体;基于Mindlin位移解,求出集中力作用下周围岩土体沿锚固体的轴向位移;根据压力型锚杆锚固段的受力状态,计算锚固体在轴向荷载作用下压缩变形,利用锚固体与周围岩土体变形协调假定,推导出锚固段轴向应力和剪应力分布的理论解。经过与已有现场试验实测数据对比分析,验证了理论解的可行性,并在此基础上讨论了相关岩土参数对锚固段轴向应力和剪应力的影响。锚杆现场试验和理论分析结果表明:压力型锚杆的锚固段所受轴向应力和剪应力与锚固力成正比;压力型锚杆的锚固段所受剪应力的分布形式受周围岩土体弹模、泊松比以及锚固体与周围岩土体界面的内摩擦角等因素的影响。其中周围岩土体的弹模影响最大。 相似文献
4.
基于室内足尺模型试验对比研究压力型和拉力型锚杆的工作性状,给出锚固体轴向应变的分布特点,验证基于Mindlin问题位移解推导出的压力型锚杆锚固段应力分布理论解的可行性,分析了在试验条件锚杆的极限承载力及破坏形式。试验结果表明,拉力型锚固段处于受拉状态,轴向应变值最大值发生在张拉端附近,距离张拉端越远应变值越小;压力型锚杆的锚固段处于受压状态,轴向应变值最大值发生在承载体附近,距离承载体越远应变值越小;拉力型锚杆破坏形式为锚固段注浆体与岩土层间的粘结滑移破坏,压力型锚杆的破坏形式为承载体附近锚杆周围土体剪胀破坏;压力型锚杆极限承载力较之拉力型锚杆在相同条件下有明显提高;实测值与基于Mindlin问题的位移解推导出的压力型锚杆锚固段应力分布理论解较吻合。 相似文献
5.
《岩土力学》2017,(10):2826-2832
基于端锚锚杆支护的优越性和围岩破坏分区及破坏深度逐步向深部发展的规律,针对煤矿深部巷道采用加长或全长锚固锚杆支护时,锚杆的锚固段整体受力不均,抗剪切承载能力低,而端锚锚杆无法适应其大变形缺点的问题,建立了两段锚预应力锚杆支护模型。运用理论计算和数值模拟的手段研究了两段锚预应力锚杆锚固段的受力特征和承载能力,并进行了算例对比分析。结果表明:两段锚分区锚固的支护方式明显改变了加长或全长锚固锚杆锚固段的剪应力曲线变化趋势,使原本呈负指数变化趋势的剪应力曲线变得平缓,提高了锚杆锚固段的剪切承载能力;在相同预紧力作用下,与端锚锚杆相比,明显降低了锚杆锚固段的荷载和剪切应力;在不同预紧力下,两段锚预应力锚杆的两锚固段可分别起到围岩不同变形时期端锚锚杆的支护作用,继续发挥端锚支护的优越性。 相似文献
6.
为研究动载作用下巷道围岩失稳破坏机制,基于SHPB试验系统,研究了不同冲击气压（0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6 MPa）下预应力端锚锚固体的应力波传播规律及层裂破坏特征,采用图解法计算了锚固体试件的层裂强度及应变率,建立了锚固体层裂损伤模型并采用高速摄像机进行了验证。结果表明：不同冲击气压下试件应力波峰值应变均呈指数形式衰减,且空间衰减幅值及衰减指数与冲击气压呈正相关关系;锚固体试件层裂首先发生在自由端附近,沿反射波传播方向层裂厚度逐渐增加,0.3 MPa冲击气压以上,试件每两处层裂面中间产生一道新层裂;在18～33 s−1应变率范围内,应变率率效应占主导地位,层裂强度最高达69 MPa,而应变率为41 s−1时,层裂强度降低至17 MPa;锚固体自由端在动载冲击后出现层裂闭合现象,但在锚固端由于锚固界面残余黏聚力作用,层裂位置未发生闭合现象。 相似文献
7.
8.
《岩土力学》2017,(8):2279-2285
分别采用预制混凝土块、45号钢螺杆、矿用化学浆液来模拟围岩、锚杆及锚固剂进行节理岩体室内剪切试验,研究在无锚、端锚和全锚3种情况下节理岩体抗剪特性及锚杆受力变形特征。研究结果表明:在不同锚固方式下节理岩体的剪力-位移曲线有显著的差异,无锚试件表现为脆性特征;端锚试件在调动锚杆抗剪强度时会有一剪力小幅下降的转折点,全锚试件与节理匹配性较好,可以承受更大的剪力;对于加锚试件,无论是端锚还是全锚锚杆,根据锚杆变形特点,均可分为拉伸区、剪拉区和压缩区。锚杆在剪力和拉力综合作用下破坏时即发生在剪拉区。锚固方式不同,剪切试验过程中锚杆轴力分布也不同,全锚锚杆主要分布于节理面附近,随着与节理距离增加,轴力迅速衰减。端锚锚杆轴力分布则相对均匀。 相似文献
9.
隧道围岩全长黏结式锚杆界面力学模型研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析围岩弹塑性介质中全长黏结式锚杆的锚固界面层应力分布和变化特征,对研究隧道工程初期支护系统的力学效应具有重要意义。根据全长锚杆微段的受力平衡以及锚固界面层剪应力的传递机制建立了关于锚杆轴向位移的微分方程,通过求解锚杆轴向位移的微分方程可得到锚杆与围岩相互作用下的轴向载荷和锚固界面剪应力的分布函数。然后将锚杆界面剪应力对围岩的支护反力转化为圆形隧道轴对称径向体积力,进而求解有锚喷支护作用下圆形隧道围岩塑性区半径。在此解析模型基础上,可对隧道围岩-支护系统进行详细的分析和评判。算例分析表明,初期支护时机的选择对锚固效应和围岩稳定性有较大影响;适当增加全长黏结式锚杆的锚固层厚度能明显降低锚杆端部剪应力的应力集中度,能有效改善锚杆的锚固效果。 相似文献
10.
锚杆从锚固方式上可划分两种：端部锚固方式和全长锚固方式。全长锚固锚杆作为工程支护中的一种重要锚杆类型,具有广泛的应用前景。非连续变形分析（DDA）以及在此基础上发展的非连续变形的岩石断裂分析（DDARF）方法中锚杆为端锚形式,且只考虑了锚杆的轴向作用,而忽略了锚杆作用力对锚固岩体的侧向限制。为了更好地理解锚杆的支护机制,考虑锚杆的剪切作用,提出了DDARF中一种新的锚固形式--全长剪切锚杆支护形式。用改进的全长剪切锚杆支护方法对一公路隧道稳定性进行了分析,并与端锚支护形式进行了对比,结果表明,提出的全长剪切锚杆支护方法是有效的,锚固效果比端锚支护更好。 相似文献
11.
A Simple Method for Analysis of Point Anchored Rockbolts in Circular Tunnels in Elastic Ground 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Bobet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2006,39(4):315-338
Summary. A simple analytical method for the analysis of point anchored rockbolts is presented in this paper. The solution has been
derived for elastic ground and rockbolts, for plane strain conditions, and for tunnels with circular cross section. The method
provides accurate results for the rockbolts’ loads and displacements and explicitly includes the connection of the rockbolts
to the surrounding ground. The addition of such details to a Finite Element numerical model is critical; otherwise the solution
obtained may be dependent on the discretization used and on the stiffness of rockbolts and ground. As an alternative to including
details of the rockbolt head and anchor point in the numerical model, which could be computationally very expensive, an equivalent
spring constant is proposed. The spring constant is obtained by matching numerical with analytical results for a simple case,
but keeping the geometry, material properties, and discretization unchanged. 相似文献
12.
This study focuses on the stress and displacement of a circular opening that is excavated in a strain-softening rock mass incorporating the effects of hydraulic–mechanical coupling and rockbolts effectiveness. It follows the generalized Hoek–Brown failure criterion. Moreover, an improved numerical approach and stepwise procedure are proposed. This approach considers the deterioration of the strength, deformation, and dilation angle and the variation of elastic strain in the plastic region considering the effect of the hydraulic–mechanical coupling and the rockbolts effectiveness. The presented solutions were validated by FLAC results. Several examples are conducted to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the proposed solution through MATLAB programming. Parametric studies are also conducted to highlight the influences of hydraulic–mechanical coupling and rockbolts effectiveness on stress and displacement. Results show that stress and displacement, incorporating the effects of hydraulic–mechanical coupling and rockbolts effectiveness, are between those when hydraulic–mechanical coupling or rockbolts effectiveness is considered separately. However, this theory needs more verification from practical engineering. 相似文献
13.
Elastic Solution for Deep Tunnels. Application to Excavation Damage Zone and Rockbolt Support 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. Bobet 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(2):147-174
Summary A new formulation is presented for deep circular tunnels in rock with cylindrical anisotropy. The formulation is an exact
solution since it satisfies equilibrium, strain compatibility, and the anisotropic constitutive model. Complete solutions
have been found for two scenarios: tunnel with excavation damage zone, and tunnel with rockbolt support. The solution is based
on the assumption of a deep, circular tunnel in a medium with two homogeneous zones: an inner zone surrounding the tunnel,
which is either isotropic or anisotropic, and an outer zone, for the remainder of the medium, which is isotropic. Plane strain
conditions, elastic response of rock, rockbolts and support, and simultaneous excavation and support installation are also
assumed. For tunnels surrounded by an excavation damage zone with reduced rock properties, the tangential stresses and the
radial deformations at the tunnel wall are very sensitive to both the magnitude of stiffness reduction of the damaged rock
and the size of the damaged zone. The effect of the rockbolts on the rock is approximated by treating the rockbolt-rock composite
as a material with cylindrical anisotropy with stiffnesses related to the properties of the rock and rockbolts, and spacing
of the rockbolts. Comparisons between the analytical solution and a numerical method show small differences and provide confidence
in the approach suggested. 相似文献
14.
Fang Wei Wang Gang Liu Chuanzheng Zhang Xianda 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(7):4733-4745
Rockbolts can be regarded as a permanent support structure for underground engineering. However, the coupled rheological mechanism between rockbolts and rock mass remain poorly understood. In this research, the rock mass supported with discretely mechanically or frictionally coupled rockbolts with the point load model was investigated. At first, the elastic solutions of the coupling model were solved. Subsequently, the viscoelastic analytical solutions were acquired by applying the Laplace inverse transforms. Finally, the effect of viscosity coefficients and supporting parameters on the coupling model rheological behavior were explored. The results indicated that the angle of rockbolts support has a greater influence on the radial stress and tangential stress of the rock mass in the elastic state, but has little influence on the rheological state. Moreover, the roof, the interface between the left wall and right wall should be supported strengthen; the viscosity coefficient has little influence on the radial stress and tangential stress in the rheological state and has a negative correlation with the radial displacement. In order to limit the displacement in the rheological state of the rock mass, we choose the rockbolts with a large viscosity coefficient.
相似文献15.
Due to rock bursting or blasting, violent rock ejections can occur. In underground excavations, rockbolts are often used to retain rock blocks that otherwise would be ejected. Employing the stress wave approach, general formulae are derived to compute the elastic stress waves in rockbolts subject to rock block impact loading. Weight-drop tests on steel rods, simulating impact loading of rockbolts, were performed, and a reasonable agreement is found between theoretical predictions and experimental results. The elastic stress wave in an impact loaded steel rod consists of a rider wave and a lower-frequency carrier wave. With the same drop height, the carrier wave becomes more sinusoidal as the mass ratio of steel rod to drop weight is decreased. 相似文献
16.
The present study addresses a layout design of rockbolts for reinforcing natural ground structures applying a special optimization method, called multiphase layout optimization. Rockbolts are used to tighten loosed natural ground, and the layout of rockbolts are determined without sufficient information about the physical properties of the ground materials. Because of this uncertainty, unexpected deformation often occurs at the excavation surface of natural ground. In that case, it is requested to determine an effective layout of the additional rockbolts promptly with respect to the actual deformation at the construction site. However, it is not easy to determine the optimal layout because of its complexity, and consequently, it has no choice but to determine the layout in an empirical way. This study introduces a numerical approach to determine an optimal layout of rockbolts with respect to arbitrarily possible deformation of natural ground. The objective is to maximize the stiffness of the overall ground structure reinforced with rockbolts. For optimization, a gradient‐based optimization scheme is applied because of its numerical efficiency. It was verified from a series of numerical examples that this method has great potential to improve the stiffness of the overall ground structure and shows a certain applicability to a practical design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Analytical and Numerical Study of the Mechanics of Rockbolt Reinforcement around Tunnels in Rock Masses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C. Carranza-Torres 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2009,42(2):175-228
Summary This paper addresses the problem of quantifying the mechanical contribution of rockbolts installed systematically around tunnels
excavated in rock masses. The mechanical contribution referred to here is that of increased stress confinement and decreased
tunnel convergences as compared with corresponding stresses and displacements obtained for non-reinforced tunnels. The problem
is treated analytically first by presenting a closed-form solution for stress and displacement distributions around a circular
tunnel excavated in elastic material and reinforced by grouted or anchored rockbolts. The analytical solution assumes that
rockbolts are regularly spaced around the tunnel and that axi-symmetry conditions of geometry and loading apply. The results
obtained with the closed-form solution are shown to be equivalent to the results of the same problem solved with traditional
numerical methods. Based on the analytical and numerical results and by introducing dimensionless ratios that allow to quantify
the increase of radial stresses and the decrease of radial displacements in the reinforced region of the tunnel, the paper
shows that reinforcement can have a significant mechanical effect (i.e., increasing the confinement and decreasing the convergences)
in tunnels excavated in rock masses of poor to very poor quality. The paper analyzes then the mechanical contribution of rockbolt
reinforcement when the rock mass is assumed to behave elasto-plastically. For this case, it is shown that rockbolt reinforcement
can also have a critical effect in controlling the extent of the plastic failure zone and the convergences of the tunnel.
Correspondence: C. Carranza-Torres, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minnesota, Duluth Campus, 1305 Ordean Court,
Duluth, USA 相似文献
18.
Peter Kolapo Moshood Onifade Akinseye Praise Oluwatomisin Martha Amwaama Khadija Said Omar Abdulsalam Jibril Ismail Lawal Abiodun Emman Aladejare Adeyemi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(4):1637-1661
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Historically, the idea of designing and installing rockbolts in rockmasses can be traced back to the construction of the Snowy Mountain hydroelectric... 相似文献
19.
The solutions of stress and displacement of a circular opening excavated in brittle and strain-softening rock mass incorporating rockbolts effectiveness and seepage force are presented in this study. The evolution equation is reconstructed for the strength parameters that incorporate these factors. Based on the evolution equation, an improved numerical method and stepwise procedure are presented which are compatible with the Mohr–Coulomb (M–C) and the generalized Hoek–Brown (H–B) failure criteria, respectively. Then given three interaction mechanisms between rockbolts and surrounding rock, solutions for stress and displacement are proposed in line with the improved numerical method and numerical stepwise procedure. The proposed approach can be reduced to Fahimifar and Soroush’s (Tunn Undergr Space Technol 20:333–343, 2005) solutions for special cases. The proposed method was validated by field monitoring data and FLAC results of Yanzidong tunnel. Examples under the M–C and generalized H–B failure criteria for rock mass are generated through MATLAB programming. Moreover, parametric studies are conducted to highlight the influence of rockbolts effectiveness in combination with seepage force on the stress and displacement of very good, average, and very poor surrounding rock. Results show that in this case, stress confinement is higher and tunnel convergences are lower than the corresponding stresses and displacements obtained in non-reinforced tunnels. Displacement and plastic radius are also higher than those without considering seepage force. 相似文献