共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 275 毫秒
1.
超高温（≥900℃）变质作用发生在自太古代以来的各个地质历史时期，目前极可能也正发生在青藏高原地壳深部。同时，它也是以冈瓦纳为代表的超大陆在最终拼合时的显著标识，这一关联指示了超高温变质作用与碰撞造山带的密切关系。本文总结了东冈瓦纳内与泛非造山作用有关的典型超高温变质岩的分布、岩石学特征、峰期变质条件、P-T轨迹及形成时代，并简要介绍我们在柴达木地块西段新识别出的泛非期超高温变质作用的基本特征。结合东冈瓦纳超高温变质作用特征和造山带热模拟研究的新进展，本文获得以东冈瓦纳超高温变质作用为代表的碰撞造山带超高温变质作用的几点认识：1）东冈瓦纳麻粒岩地块中的超高温变质岩和普通麻粒岩记录了相似的变质年龄、P-T轨迹以及呈过渡变化的峰期温度，两者可能是同一构造事件的产物，共同组成一个高温-超高温变质岩单元；2）超高温变质作用在东冈瓦纳内部持续了至少超过30Myr，但未见呈大规模的同期或近同期基性岩岩浆出露，指示此处需要的长期热源不是地幔来源岩浆；3）虽然数值模拟能成功呈现加厚地壳被放射元素衰变热加热至超高温条件的情况，且加热及持续时间与东冈瓦纳超高温变质约束的结果相当，但是模拟中需要的高生热值暗示，在自然界中，完全只靠放射性元素衰变生热或许不能让碰撞造山带内达到超高温条件；4）碰撞造山带经历了长期的构造演化，这一过程中，造山带内地壳不太可能同时达到超高温变质条件，这一特征可能反映在P-T-t轨迹的差异上，对这些轨迹的系统研究有助于对超高温变质作用的构造-热过程的理解。 相似文献
2.
板块俯冲起始与成熟阶段的差异变质响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈意 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019,(3):490-498,438
板块俯冲起始是俯冲带最不为人知的关键过程之一,对理解全球板块构造如何启动有重要意义。本文综合了最新的数值模拟、变质岩石学和年代学研究结果,探讨板块俯冲起始到成熟阶段的热结构和变质作用差异。从俯冲起始到成熟阶段,俯冲带热结构由"热"变"冷",初始俯冲更可能形成的是角闪岩或麻粒岩,形成于热俯冲环境,以逆时针p-t轨迹为主,通常伴随板块部分熔融过程;而成熟阶段形成的主要是低温蓝片岩和榴辉岩,形成于冷俯冲环境,具有典型的顺时针p-t轨迹,以板块变质脱水为主。对俯冲带高t/p变质岩(如变质底板)的进变质过程、时间以及构造背景等方面需进一步加强研究,以获取更详实的现代板块俯冲起始阶段的地质过程。 相似文献
3.
俯冲带部分熔融 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
俯冲带是地幔对流环的下沉翼，是地球内部的重要物理与化学系统。俯冲带具有比周围地幔更低的温度，因此，一般认为俯冲板片并不会发生部分熔融，而是脱水导致上覆地幔楔发生部分熔融。但是，也有研究认为，在水化的洋壳俯冲过程中可以发生部分熔融。特别是在下列情况下，俯冲洋壳的部分熔融是俯冲带岩浆作用的重要方式。年轻的大洋岩石圈发生低角度缓慢俯冲时，洋壳物质可以发生饱和水或脱水熔融，基性岩部分熔融形成埃达克岩。太古代的俯冲带很可能具有与年轻大洋岩石圈俯冲带类似的热结构，俯冲的洋壳板片部分熔融可以形成英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩。平俯冲大洋高原中的基性岩可以发生部分熔融产生埃达克岩。扩张洋中脊俯冲可以导致板片窗边缘的洋壳部分熔融形成埃达克岩。与俯冲洋壳相比，俯冲的大陆地壳具有很低的水含量，较难发生部分熔融，但在超高压变质陆壳岩石的折返过程中可以经历广泛的脱水熔融。超高压变质岩在地幔深部熔融形成的熔体与地幔相互作用是碰撞造山带富钾岩浆岩的可能成因机制。碰撞造山带的加厚下地壳可经历长期的高温与高压变质和脱水熔融，形成S型花岗岩和埃达克质岩石。 相似文献
4.
喜马拉雅造山带的部分熔融与淡色花岗岩成因机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
喜马拉雅造山带核部由高级变质岩和淡色花岗岩组成,是研究大陆碰撞造山带部分熔融与花岗岩成因的天然实验室.基于最新研究成果,探讨了喜马拉雅造山带核部变质作用的条件、类型以及P-T轨迹、部分熔融的方式与程度及熔体成分以及变质作用与部分熔融的时间和持续过程.相关证据表明,造山带核部经历了高压麻粒岩相至榴辉岩相变质作用,具有以增温增压进变质和近等温降压退变质为特征的顺时针型P-T轨迹.这些高压变质岩石发生了长期持续的高温变质与部分熔融.在泥质岩石的进变质过程中白云母和黑云母脱水熔融可以形成不同成分的熔体.同时,总结了淡色花岗岩的形成时间、地球化学特征和源区熔融方式,结果表明碰撞造山过程中加厚下地壳的脱水熔融形成了喜马拉雅造山带的淡色花岗岩. 相似文献
5.
冈底斯岩浆弧的形成与演化 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：4
位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧是新特提斯大洋岩石圈长期俯冲导致的中生代岩浆作用的产物,而且在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞过程中叠加了强烈的新生代岩浆作用,是世界上典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,也是研究增生与碰撞造山作用和大陆地壳生长与再造的天然实验室。基于岩浆、变质和成矿作用研究成果,我们将冈底斯弧的形成与演化历史划分5期,即新特提斯洋早期俯冲、新特提斯洋中脊俯冲、新特提斯洋晚期俯冲、印度-亚洲大陆碰撞和后碰撞期。第1期发生在晚白垩世之前,是以新特提斯洋岩石圈的长期俯冲、地幔楔部分熔融形成钙碱性弧岩浆岩为特征。长期的幔源岩浆作用导致了整个冈底斯弧发生显著的新生地壳生长,并在岩浆弧西部形成了一个大型的与俯冲相关的斑岩型铜矿。第2期发生在晚白垩世,活动的新特提斯洋中脊发生俯冲,软流软圈沿板片窗上涌,使上升的软流圈、地幔楔和俯冲洋壳发生部分熔融,导致了强烈的幔源岩浆作用和显著的新生地壳生长与加厚,并以不同类型和不同成分岩浆岩的同时发育和伴随的高温变质作用为特征。第3期发生在晚白垩世晚期,为新特提斯洋脊俯冲后残余大洋岩石圈的俯冲期,以正常的弧型岩浆作用为特征。第4期发生在古新世至中始新世,伴随印度与亚洲大陆的碰撞,俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈回转和断离引起软流圈上涌,诱发了强烈的幔源岩浆作用。在此阶段,大陆碰撞导致的地壳挤压缩短和幔源岩浆的底侵与增生,使冈底斯弧经历了显著的地壳生长和加厚,新生和古老加厚下地壳的高压、高温变质和部分熔融,幔源和壳源岩浆岩的共生和强烈的岩浆混合。所形成的I型花岗岩大多继承了新生地壳弧型岩浆岩的化学成分,并多显出埃达克岩的地球化学特征。在岩浆弧北部形成了一系列与起源于古老地壳花岗岩相关的Pb-Zn矿床。第5期发生在晚渐新世到早-中中新世的后碰撞挤压过程中,以地壳的继续加厚,加厚下地壳的高温变质、部分熔融和埃达克质岩石的形成为特征。在岩浆弧东段南部形成了一系列与起源于新生加厚下地壳埃达克质岩石相关的斑岩型Cu-Au-Mo矿。冈底斯带的多期岩浆、变质与成矿作用为其从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度-亚洲大陆碰撞的构造演化提供了重要限定。 相似文献
6.
南阿尔金造山带是目前报道的具有最深俯冲记录的大陆超高压变质带,其内出露有高压-超高温麻粒岩,它们对深入理解大陆地壳岩石超深俯冲与折返过程具有重要意义.介绍了对南阿尔金巴什瓦克地区长英质麻粒岩和基性麻粒岩的岩相学、矿物化学、相平衡模拟及锆石U-Pb年代学研究成果.其中基性麻粒岩主要记录了深俯冲大陆地壳折返过程的变质演化:包括高压榴辉岩相、高压-超高温麻粒岩相、低压-超高温麻粒岩相及随后的近等压降温演化阶段;长英质麻粒岩除了记录与基性麻粒岩相似的折返过程外,还记录了从角闪岩相到超高压榴辉岩相的进变质演化过程.结合已有研究资料,确定超高压榴辉岩阶段峰期条件> 7~9 GPa和>1 000℃,可达到斯石英稳定域.锆石年代学显示两种岩石类型的原岩和变质年龄均分别在900 Ma和500 Ma左右.变质作用与年代学研究表明,南阿尔金大陆地壳岩石在早古生代发生超深俯冲至200~300 km后,折返至加厚地壳底部发生高压-超高温变质作用,随后被快速抬升至地壳浅部发生低压-超高温变质作用并经历迅速冷却. 相似文献
7.
印度大陆俯冲过程中的高压变质与深熔作用：东喜马拉雅构造结南迦巴瓦杂岩的相平衡模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
位于东喜马拉雅构造结的南迦巴瓦杂岩是高喜马拉雅结晶岩系的一部分,是印度大陆深俯冲到欧亚板块之下经历了高压变质作用的产物。基于岩相学和矿物化学研究,本文对南迦巴瓦杂岩中的泥质变质岩进行了相平衡模拟研究。结果表明,泥质岩石经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用,峰期矿物组成是石榴石+蓝晶石+黑云母+斜长石+钾长石+石英+金红石,峰期变质条件是~820℃,13.0~13.5kb,表明印度大陆至少俯冲到了约45km深度,构成了青藏高原的加厚下地壳。高压泥质变质岩在进变质和峰期变质过程中经历了白云母和黑云母脱水反应引起的部分深熔,熔融程度可达27vol%,形成了花岗质成分的熔体,构成了喜马拉雅造山带淡色花岗岩的源区。因此,青藏高原具有一个深熔融的中下地壳,为其侧向流动提供了有利的流变学环境。 相似文献
8.
大别山是由华南板块在245～210 Ma向华北板块之下俯冲并发生陆陆碰撞形成的。随着南、北板块的汇聚继续,地壳持续加厚。然而,加厚的下地壳岩石（特别是镁铁质下地壳岩石）在重力作用下密度增大、稳定性降低,在145～130 Ma 时发生深熔作用;130 Ma 左右加厚下地壳拆沉,引发软流圈上涌,产生了130～110 Ma的大规模镁铁质和花岗质岩浆作用以及北大别发生强烈的混合岩化作用。其中,北大别混合岩中不同类型浅色体（至少可以分为4种）和碰撞后变质闪长岩的甄别及其岩石地球化学和同位素年代学方面系统研究为大别山印支期深俯冲陆壳的折返以及燕山期镁铁质下地壳岩石拆沉和山根垮塌所引发的多期深熔作用提供了新的关键证据。山根垮塌诱发的地幔对流导致～145 Ma时岩石圈开始减薄,进而导致加厚镁铁质下地壳温度和地壳中下部地热增温率升高,并使其发生部分熔融;加厚下地壳的部分熔融导致造山带下地壳持续弱化,加剧其重力不平衡,从而引发深部俯冲的镁铁质下地壳岩石的大规模拆沉和山根垮塌。 相似文献
9.
冈底斯岩浆弧东段变泥质岩的逆时针P-T-t轨迹与构造机制 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
青藏高原南部冈底斯岩浆弧东段出露的中-高级变质岩代表岩浆弧的中-下地壳,是研究岩浆弧深部组成与形成演化的理想载体。本文对冈底斯弧东段布久地区的变泥质岩,即石榴石夕线石云母片岩进行了岩石学、相平衡模拟和地质年代学研究。岩石学和相平衡模拟表明,片岩由黑云母、白云母、石榴石、夕线石、斜长石、石英及少量的钛铁矿、金红石组成,含或不含蓝晶石,经历了早期的低压麻粒岩相变质与部分熔融,变质温压条件为～7kbar和～770℃,中期的高压麻粒岩相变质与深熔作用,变质温压条件为～10. 5kbar和～775℃,以及晚期的角闪岩相退变质与熔体结晶作用,退变质温压条件为～7. 5kbar和～705℃,具有逆时针型的变质作用P-T-t轨迹。本文和现有年代学研究表明,片岩的早期的低压麻粒岩相变质与部分熔融发生在～70Ma,后续高压麻粒岩相变质与深熔发生在50～45Ma,晚期角闪岩相退变质与熔体结晶开始于45Ma,持续到25Ma。大体积幔源岩浆底侵导致的地壳加热与加厚,以及大陆碰撞导致的地壳缩短与加厚是冈底斯弧表壳岩在晚中生代至早新生代被埋藏到下地壳,经历长期持续高温、高压变质与部分熔融的构造机制,而加厚岩石圈地幔在渐新世的拆沉导致了岩浆弧加厚下地壳的折返。 相似文献
10.
阿尔金高压变质岩带的特征及其构造意义 总被引：98，自引：30，他引：68
阿尔金构造带存在两条高压变质岩带,一条为高压变泥质岩带,出露在阿尔金中段北部红柳沟-拉配泉东西向蛇绿混杂岩带之中的贝克滩东侧,东西向展布约几公里;另一条为榴辉岩带,出露在阿尔金南缘的江格萨依南-米兰河上游一带的北东向隆起带上,断续延伸约200km.区域构造背景、高压变质岩石的变质历史及顺时针型P-T轨迹和年代学研究表明,这些高压变质岩石的形成应与板块俯冲、碰撞活动有关,它们分别代表了显生宙初塔里木板块东南缘的两次俯冲-碰撞活动.这一成果为阐明阿尔金左行走滑断裂系的早期演化及板块增生提供了重要依据. 相似文献
11.
12.
P. Pal Roy 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1995,13(2):79-92
Summary This paper substantiates, through three different case studies, that the breakage assessment of opencast bench blasting can be made scientifically through the analysis of joint set orientations of different exposed benches in association with the corresponding face direction. Joint orientations, dip and strike of bedding planes have a significant influence on rock breakage. They can have decelerating effects on blasting performance, which may be rectified by geological mapping, and subsequently modifying the blast design parameters. 相似文献
13.
We used analyses of the strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of tooth enamel to reconstruct the migration patterns of fossil mammals collected along the Aucilla River in northern Florida. Specimens date to the late-glacial period and before the last glacial maximum (pre-LGM). Deer and tapir displayed low 87Sr/86Sr ratios that were similar to the ratios of Florida environments, which suggest that these taxa did not migrate long distance outside of the Florida region. Mastodons, mammoths, and equids all displayed a wide range of 87Sr/86Sr ratios. Some individuals in each taxon displayed low 87Sr/86Sr ratios that suggest they ranged locally, while other animals had high 87Sr/86Sr ratios that suggest they migrated long distances (> 150 km) outside of the Florida region. Mastodons were the only taxa from this region that provided enough well-dated specimens to compare changes in migration patterns over time. Pre-LGM mastodons displayed significantly lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios than late-glacial mastodons, which suggests that late-glacial mastodons from Florida migrated longer distances than their earlier counterparts. This change in movement patterns reflects temporal changes in regional vegetation patterns. 相似文献
14.
Shreerup Goswami Kamal Jeet Singh Shaila Chandra 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2006,28(4-6):218-233
Gondwana basins of Orissa State constitute a major part of the Mahanadi Master Basin. These Gondwana sediments, ranging from Asselian to Albian in age, contain remnants of three basic floral assemblages i.e. Glossopteris Assemblage, Dicroidium Assemblage and Ptilophyllum Assemblage which can be recognized through the Permian, Triassic and Early Cretaceous, respectively. The megafloral assemblages of different basins of this state are discussed briefly. This report mainly deals with the plant species diversification in different lithological formations and the development of flora in the Gondwana basins of Orissa. A number of successive megafloras are recognized. Among those, leaves are the dominant part of the preserved flora, followed by fruits and roots. No wood parts are preserved in the major basins. These pre-angiospermic floras have been systematically analyzed to depict the evolutionary trends, and palaeofloristics of these basins. The distribution of plant fossils in different formations of these basins depicts provincialism in Gondwana flora within the Orissa. 相似文献
15.
Reproductive pentoxylalean material from the Albian Triton Point Formation, Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctica is the youngest record of this group globally. Leaves are referred to Taeniopteris daintreei McCoy, ovulate reproductive organs to Carnoconites cranwelli Harris, and stem material to Pentoxylon sp. Occurring in leaf litter layers on palaeosol surfaces the sedimentology suggests that pentoxylalean plants grew upon areas of the floodplain distal to the river channel, where they covered the forest floor in a similar habit to modern brambles. The forest floor was shared with Equisetales and liverworts, an abundance of ferns [Cladophlebis Brongniart, Gleichenites Goeppert, Phyllopteroides Medwell, Sphenopteris (Brongniart) Sternberg], as well as angiosperms. Bennettitales, Ginkgoites Seward and Nilssonia Brongniart were rare within these communities, as were coniferous trees. 相似文献
16.
Occurrence of Cordaitales from lower Gondwana sediments of Ib-River Coalfield, Orissa, India: An Indian scenario 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kamal Jeet Singh Shreerup Goswami Shaila Chandra 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2007,29(5-6):666-684
The Ib-River Coalfield in Orissa State is a part of Mahanadi Master Basin. Recent extensive investigations were conducted in this Coalfield to locate fossiliferous beds in the Lower Gondwana deposits and as a result a large cache of plant fossils were recovered from Lower Permian sediments (Barakar Formation) exposed in Jurabaga and Lajkura Collieries. The complete flora includes 23 genera representing nine orders viz., Lycopodiales, Equisetales, Sphenophyllales, Filicales, Cordaitales, Coniferales, Ginkgoales, Cycadales and Glossopteridales. Only the Cordaitales, represented by four genera i.e., Noeggerathiopsis, Cordaites, Euryphyllum and Kawizophyllum are discussed in this paper. Cordaitalean leaves are described for the first time from this coalfield; the remaining plant groups will be considered in a subsequent publication. Cordaitalean leaves attributable to Noeggerathiopsis hislopii, Noeggerathiopsis minor, Euryphyllum whittianum, Euryphyllum maithyi, Kawizophyllum dunpathriensis and Cordaites sp. constitute about 13.90% (111 specimens) of the total plant assemblage collected from this Coalfield. Of the cordaitaleans, N. hislopii is most abundant (47.75%; 53 specimens) followed by E. whittianum (40.54%; 45 specimens). A summary of the distribution of Cordaitales throughout the Indian Gondwana is also presented. Floristic composition varies stratigraphically at the two Barakar exposures (Lajkura and Jurabaga Collieries). Cordaitales are preserved only in the lowermost (4th) horizon (lower floral zone). Strata in these collieries have been assigned to the lower and upper Barakar Formation based on floristic content and an Early Permian (Artinskian) age is assigned. 相似文献
17.
18.
This contribution is a short history of the Zambian copper flower, Becium homblei (recently renamed B. centraliafricanum that has attracted attention as a plant associated with Cu-rich soils. It has a peculiar discontinuous distribution in Central Africa which has been explained in terms of biotype depletion. A field investigation into the ecology of the species shows that it is able to tolerate soil Cu concentrations of up to 15,000 μg/g (ppm), and soil nickel concentrations of nearly 5000 μg/g. B. homblei is also found on areas where soil metals are in trace quantities, and where soil bases, particularly Ca, are low. In spite of its tolerance to a wide range of edaphic conditions, the distribution of the species is very restricted in Zimbabwe, and this is almost certainly due to severe interspecific competition with a closely related species, B. obovatum, which is common on soils not unusually enriched in heavy metals. Pioneering work on geobotanical prospecting by use of Becium homblei was carried out by the late G. Woodward and others in the 1950s and 1960s. This species was used successfully for geobotanical prospecting for Cu. This present report is a brief history of these pioneering studies 相似文献
19.
Simon F. Mitchell 《Cretaceous Research》2005,26(6):895-897
Four new specimens of Euscalpellum? coatesi Donovan and Davis-Strickland from the Maastrichtian of Jamaica are described; two of these occur in association with the right valve of the rudistid bivalve Chiapasella radiolitiformis (Trechmann). This demonstrates that E.? coatesi is not a barnacle, but rather represents an unusual preservational state of the left valve of C. radiolitiformis retaining only the cellular inner part of the shell. 相似文献
20.
云南禄丰县川街盆地中侏罗统产出弓鲛鱼类化石后甸弓鲛(Hybodus houtienensis Young)、新庄弓鲛(新种)(Hybodus xinzhuangensis Sun)、川街弓鲛(新种)(Hybodus chuanjieensis Sun)。后甸弓鲛(Hybodus houtienensis Young)是中国发现最早的弓鲛鱼类之一,正型标本为破碎的鳍棘,副型标本为一枚牙齿齿冠。依据在川街盆地相同层位发现的新化石材料,对后甸弓鲛副型标本进行了增补,补充了描述,建立了2个弓鲛新种:新庄弓鲛与川街弓鲛,丰富了"后甸弓鲛带"弓鲛类群,并讨论了弓鲛属的生物地层、生活的古环境和地理分布特征。 相似文献