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制约高温过程中Ca同位素研究的因素主要有分析技术、储库端元和分馏机理.随着质谱的发展和双稀释剂的应用,分析技术已经能很好地满足高温过程同位素示踪的要求,但是目前对于储库端元的研究还比较薄弱,而分馏机理也存在较大争议.因此,完善不同储库端元的Ca同位素组成,厘清Ca同位素分馏机理势在必行.全硅酸岩地球作为最重要的Ca储库,前人研究表明,其Ca同位素组成在0.94‰～1.05‰之间变化.Ca—O化学键能的强弱是造成矿物间Ca同位素组成差异的主要因素,此外,温度和矿物组成差异也会引发Ca同位素分馏.热扩散和化学扩散都会引起Ca同位素分馏,但热扩散只发生在特殊的环境中.化学扩散受控于CaO化学势梯度,而化学势梯度受控于体系的成分、温度和压力.部分熔融和熔体提取过程中轻同位素趋向于富集在熔体相中.由于不同含钙矿物的Ca同位素组成存在差异,因此,在分离结晶过程中,矿物晶出顺序不同会引起Ca同位素分馏.变质作用过程中流体交代作用或碳酸盐岩沉淀都会造成Ca同位素分馏.K-Ca衰变体系使得Ca同位素既可以对古老的富钾岩石或矿物进行定年,也可以利用放射性成因Ca对源区和壳幔物质循环进行示踪. 相似文献
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《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(5)
<正>Re-Os放射性同位素体系是一种常用的同位素地质年代学和地球化学研究工具,广泛应用于地幔岩石圈、硫化物矿床及油气成藏等定年和示踪源区。然而岩浆岩中的Re和Os含量不均一而且极低,存在"块金效应"现象,分析测试难度大。基于这一现象,部分学者通过对一份岩石样品多次测定Re-Os同位素获得等时线年龄来反映岩石的形成年龄。中科院广州地球化学研究所的科研人员,通过对准确测定已知年龄的 相似文献
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地质样品的Re-Os同位素分析技术及存在的问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
过去20年间,Re-Os同位素体系分析测试技术的发展使其成为同位素地质年代学中最重要的定年技术之一。与其他亲石性同位素体系相比,亲铁、亲硫和亲有机性的Re-Os同位素体系可以直接用于金属硫化物、超基性岩和富含有机质样品的定年。虽然Re-Os同位素在定年和示踪中具有非常重要的应用前景,但是其分析测试技术还面临困难和问题。本文从地质样品Re-Os同位素分析的流程空白、样品溶解技术和基性岩石参考标样这几方面评述了该分析技术方法的进展和存在的问题。 相似文献
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作为"非传统稳定同位素"家族成员,钙同位素正受到国际地学界日益广泛的关注.钙是主要的造岩元素,也是生物必需的元素.钙在地球各圈层广泛分布,研究钙同位素的地球化学行为将有助于提高我们对各种生物过程和地质过程的认识.钙同位素测定主要采用热电离质谱仪(TIMS)和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS),分别表示为δ44/40 Ca和δ44/42Ca.目前自然界可观测到的δ44/40Ca变化范围为-2.0‰～6.75‰,约8.7‰.本文系统介绍了近年来钙同位素分析中样品溶解、化学分离、质谱测定以及高温地质过程中的钙同位素分馏及其地质应用等方面的研究成果,尤其对钙同位素在碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩研究中的意义、钙同位素组成以及取得的主要认识作了较为全面的介绍.阐述了放射成因40 Ca、部分熔融作用/分离结晶作用、地壳同化作用、古俯冲碳酸盐循环、热液蚀变作用、岩浆起源深度等对碳酸岩、硅酸盐岩的钙同位素组成造成的影响.最后,通过系统对比碳酸岩-共生硅酸盐岩的锂、镁、钙同位素研究成果,认为应该开展多元同位素体系的联合示踪.由于不同同位素体系存在相似性和差异性,而多元同位索体系相结合能有效地加强优势互补,将是同位素地球化学研究发展的一种必然趋势. 相似文献
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缺氧沉积物及其衍生物的Re-Os同位素定年与示踪 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Os属铂族元素,其不同于亲石元素的地球化学性质使得Re-Os同位素体系在金属矿床和超基性-基性岩浆岩的定年与地球化学示踪研究中得到了广泛应用。Re、Os元素具有亲铁和一定程度的亲铜性质,能在还原环境中与硫化物和/或有机物结合而发生相对富集,因此可应用Re-Os同位素体系对缺氧环境中形成的富有机质沉积物及其衍生物进行定年与示踪研究。本文综述了近年来Re-Os地球化学在这一领域的研究新进展,包括黑色页岩中Re-Os富集机制的探讨,沉积岩的等时线法定年,风化作用、烃类成熟度和变质作用等对黑色页岩等富有机质沉积岩Re-Os同位素体系的影响,沉积环境的Os同位素示踪以及黑色页岩Os模式年龄的意义等,并对这些研究成果在石油、沥青等有机矿产的成因研究及其勘查工作中的应用前景进行了评述。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>近年来,随着化学分离方法的改进和质谱仪器性能的提高,准确测定钙同位素的相对组成成为可能,并很快发展成为当前国际地学的前沿和热点研究领域之一,越来越引起同位素地球化学研究者的兴趣。首先,钙是硅酸盐地球中最丰富的元素之一,参与壳幔几乎所有的地球化学过程。其次,钙有6个稳定同位素:40Ca,42Ca,43Ca,44Ca,46Ca,和48Ca,其中40Ca和48Ca之间的质量差可以达到20%,这种大的相对质量差使得很多地质过程中钙同位素能够发生显著的质量分馏;因此被认为是潜在的地球化学"示踪 相似文献
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自然界中硼的同位素组成变化很大(δ１１Ｂ＝－３０‰～＋４０‰),但在不问类型地质体中的分布或一定地质地球化学过程造成的分馏却有特定的范围。硼同位素分馏的主要原因是流体—固体反应体系的ｐＨ条件和水－岩比值变化。硼的这些特殊地球化学性质在不同地质地球化学作用示踪,特别是与流体作用有关的地球化学过程的研究中得到了广泛的应用。近年来有学者利用硼同位素组成示踪古海水的ｐＨ变化,但利用硼同位素示踪其它古环境或气候变化的研究却相当少。本文试图通过研究黄土中不同相态硼的同位素组成变化来识别黄土化学风化过程中流体介质的ｐＨ条件以及其它与风化作用强度有关的各种信息,并进一步发掘硼同位素组成变化在反映古气候、古环境 相似文献
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本文通过大量实例综述了近年萤石Sr、Nd同位素在定年和示踪方面取得的进展，结果表明：萤石Sm－Nd同位素可以用于测定成矿作用的时代，但由于萤石Nd同位素初始值存在不均一性和受次生干扰的影响，所获数据最好用其它测年方法获得的数据加以验证；萤石Sr、Nd同位素组成是示踪成矿流体来源的有效方法，利用Sr、Nd同位素组成还可定量估算出形成成矿流体不同端元所占的比例。 相似文献
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Liu Xun 《《地质学报》英文版》1990,64(3):261-274
The ore-controlling mechanism of the bedding fault system in the massive sulfide deposits of the Wushancopper orefield may be generalized as the control of ore deposition by optimum surface in an ore-formingstructural trap. The mechanism has three major features: (1) timing of mineralization; (2) positioning of hostformation; and (3) dependence of ore-controlling structure on properties of rocks. The "optimum surface" is adivisional structural plane which marks obvious difference in physical, chemical and mechanical properties andis favorable for mineralization. It is also a unity of structures. lithofacies and orebodies. The structural and geochemical characteristics of the ore deposits indicate the migration trend of the ma-jor characteristic clements in the ore-controlling fault belt: elements with a small radius (Si, Fe, Mg and Al)moved towards and concentrated at the center of the belt while large-radius ones (Ca, K and Na) were remotefrom the center. 相似文献
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川西同德和沙坝麻粒岩及其退变质岩石之间的元素迁移 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用川西麻粒岩的全岩化学组成与岩石中特征矿物的化学性质,研究了麻粒岩退变质作用的元素迁移。对紫苏辉石、普通辉石和普通角闪石的电子探针分析表明,随着麻粒岩退变质作用程度的加深,矿物的化学组成与全岩的元素迁移同步变化。由于矿物组合和岩相的转变以及地壳流体的作用,同德二辉麻粒岩在退变质至黑云角闪斜长片麻岩过程中,K,Rb,Cs,K／Na,Fe^3+和Fe3+／Fe^2+增加,Fe^2+,V,Co,Ba,Sr和Pb降低;在沙坝二辉麻粒岩退变质为含绿帘石角闪斜长片麻岩过程中,Na,Ca,Fe^3+,Zr,Hf,Nb,Ta,Rb,U,Th,REE和Fe^3+／Fe^2+增加,Fe^2+,Mg,K,Co,Zn,Cs,Pb和K／Na降低。麻粒岩退变质过程中制约不同元素迁移的主要矿物相是普通角闪石等退变质新生矿物。同德和沙坝两个麻粒岩块退变质作用中,个别元素迁移性状并不相同,这可能与原岩的性质和变质流体的成分等环境地质条件有关。 相似文献
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W. Vivallo 《Mineralium Deposita》1985,20(1):33-42
The Early Proterozoic sulfide deposit at Garpenberg is located in the metallogenetic province of central Sweden. It is a strata-bound massive sulfide deposit contained in a supracrustal sequence of mainly acid metavolcanic rocks. Stratiform Zn-Pb-Cu mineralization is underlain by Cu-bearing stockwork ore and an extensive alteration zone. The sulfide ores and their altered wall rocks were formed by subseafloor hydrothermal activity. The alteration pattern observed in the wall rocks of this deposit is consistent with a hydrothermal system where the fluid consists mainly of seawater and a high water/rock mass ratio predominates. The hydrothermal activity caused the destruction of the primary mineralogy, mainly feldspars, and a general redistribution of the chemical elements in the altered wall rocks which were principally depleted in Ca, Na and Eu and enriched in Mg. Eu was redeposited with the ore metals near or at the seafloor and Ca was deposited as limestone. Most of the major and trace elements show large mobility during the alteration; only Ti, Zr, Y and REE (excluding Eu) behaved as relatively immobile elements. 相似文献
14.
Bo Peng Adam Piestrzynski Jadwiga Pieczonka Meilian Xiao Yaozhu Wang Shurong Xie Xiaoyan Tang Changxun Yu Zhi Song 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(7):1277-1296
The mineralogy and geochemistry of the waste rocks distributed at Taojiang Mn-ore deposit, central Hunan province, China,
were studied using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) fitted with energy dispersive spectrometer
(EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrum (atomic emission spectra) ICP-MS (AES), with the aim of predicting the
environmental impacts of weathering of the waste rocks. The mineralogical results from microscope observation and XRD and
EMPA studies show that the waste rock is composed of black shale and minor Mn carbonates. The oxidation of sulfide minerals
such as galena, pyrite and chalcopyrite is accompanied by decomposition of Mn carbonates and K-feldspar during exposure to
atmospheric O2. The geochemical characteristics of major, rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements of the waste rocks also show that
the waste rock can be divided into black shale and Mn carbonate, and both of them are currently under chemical weathering.
The major alkalies and alkaline elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Rb, Sr and Cs) and major elements (Fe, S and P) and heavy metals
(Sc, V, Cr, Th, U, Sn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mo, Cd, Sb, an Tl) are being released during weathering. The mobility of alkalis
and alkaline elements Ca, Mg, Na, K, Rb, Sr and Cs is controlled by decomposition of Mn carbonates. The dispersion of Cr,
Sc and Th (U) might be related to weathering of K-feldspar, and the release of the heavy metals Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Mo, Cd
Sb and Tl is dominated by the breaking of sulfide minerals. The REE of the waste rocks and surrounding soils and the spidery
distribution patterns of heavy metals in the waste rocks, the surrounding soils and the surface waters show that weathering
of the waste rocks and bedrock might be the sources of heavy metal contamination for the surrounding soils and surface water
system for the mining area. This is predicted by the mass-balance calculation by using Zr as an immobile element. Therefore,
it is urgently necessary take measures to treat the waste rocks distributed throughout the area for the local environmental
protection. 相似文献
15.
Geochemistry of evaporite-bearing series: A tentative guide for the identification of metaevaporites 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Literature on metasedimentary rocks indicates that former evaporites have been assumed where brines are present as fluid inclusions or minerals such as scapolite, tourmaline and lazurite, which are considered as evidence of equilibria with brines. Very few works take into account the chemical composition of rocks, because chemical data on evaporite-bearing sedimentary series are scarce.This paper is a contribution to a geochemical approach: 172 analyses of major and trace elements are given on argillites, dolomitic marls and mixed sulphate rocks from some large evaporitic series, mainly from the Triassic of France, the Devonian of the Canning Basin and the Proterozoc of the Amadeus Basin in Australia. Compared with rocks from common platform series, these samples clearly exhibit specific chemical features: high Mg contents, high Mg/Ca ratios except for Ca-sulphate-rich rocks and relatively low iron contents caused by the widespread occurrence of Mg-rich clay minerals. Though sulphate-bearing rocks often show low Mg/Ca ratios, their chemical composition clearly indicates Mg-rich clay fractions. K content is high while Na is low, except in a few halite-bearing rocks. Argillites are characterized by high Li and F contents, and high Li/Mg and B/A1 ratios, while major amounts of Sr are recorded in sulphatebearing rocks.Application to metamorphic series is discussed with some illustrative examples. Though chemical changes during metamorphism are probably frequent in series of evaporitic origin, some relations between Al, Fe, Mg, Ca are often maintained. Under nearly isochemical conditions, the resulting metasediments exhibit abundant phlogopite through a large part of the metamorphic column, owing to high Mg, K and F contents. Such rocks are, for instance, well developed in the Zambian Copperbelt, Central Africa. Although further investigations are needed both on nonmetamorphic and metamorphic evaporite sequences, the efficiency of this approach for identifying an evaporitic origin is well established. 相似文献
16.
A small watershed (160 km2) located in the Massif Central (France) has been chemically, isotopically and hydrologically studied through its dissolved load, bed sediments and soils. This watershed is underlain by basaltic bedrock and associated soils in which the vegetation is dominated mainly by meadows.Dissolved concentrations of major ions (Cl, SO4, NO3, HCO3, Ca, Na, Mg, K, Al and Si), trace elements (Rb and Sr) and strontium isotopes have been determined for two different hydrologic periods on the main stream of the Allanche river and its tributaries.The major objectives of this study were to characterize the chemical and isotopic signatures of each reservoir occurring in the watershed. Changes in chemical and isotopic signatures are interpreted in terms of fluctuations of the different components inputs: rainwater, weathering products, anthropogenic addition.Water quality may be influenced by natural inputs (rainwater, weathering processes) and anthropogenic additions (fertilizers, road salts, etc.). Precipitation serves as a major vehicle for dissolved chemical species in addition to the hydrosystem and, in order to constrain rain inputs, a systematic study of rainwaters is carried out over a one year period using an automatic collector. Corrections of rainwater addition using chloride as an atmospheric input reference were computed for selected elements and the Sr/Sr ratio. After such corrections, the geochemical budget of the watershed was determined and the role of anthropogenic additions evaluated through the relationship between strontium isotopes and major and trace element ratios. Thus, 10% of Ca and Na originate in rainwater input, 40 to 80% in fertilizer additions and 15 to 50% in rock weatheringThe cationic denudation rates for this watershed are around 0.3 g s–1 km2 during low water discharge and 0.6 g s–1 km2 in high water stage. This led to a chemical denudation rate of 5.3 mm/1000 years.For solid matter, the normalization of chemical species relative to parent rocks shows the depletion or enrichment in soils and sediments. The use of K and Ca as mobile reference illustrates the weathering state of soils and sediments relative to parent rocks. This weathering state for bed sediments range from 15 to 45% for the K normalization and from 2 to 50% for the Ca normalization. For the soils, the weathering state ranges from 15 to 57% for the K normalization and from 17 to 90% for the Ca normalization. 相似文献
17.
以梵净山西麓印江县紫薇镇古茶树立地剖面上的岩石和土壤为研究对象，使用ICP-MS和ICP-AES测定21种元素的含量，分析古茶树立地岩石-土壤系统的地球化学特征，以期为印江县古茶树保护及开发提供科学依据。结果表明：古茶树生长地岩石-土壤系统的主量、微量和重金属元素富集程度低（EF <3），受人为因素影响程度小，可为古茶树提供安全的生长环境。其中主量元素K和Al在岩石-土壤系统中含量丰富，Ca、Mg、Na元素含量较少，符合茶树喜钾嫌钙的生理特征；微量元素在岩石-土壤系统中含量变化均匀，但与地球化学丰度值和中国土壤背景值相比，其含量较少；重金属元素含量均低于无公害农产品种植业产地环境条件限定值。同时研究发现该岩土系统中Se元素含量丰富，可为当地发展富硒茶提供参考。 相似文献
18.
Philippe Négrel 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1999,5(2):125-165
A small watershed (89 km2) underlain by granite or granite-gneiss in the Margeride mountains, southern Massif Central (France),
has been studied using the chemical and isotopic composition of its dissolved load, bed sediments and soils. Dissolved concentrations
of major ions (Cl, SO4, NO3, HCO3, Ca, Na, Mg, K, Al and Si), trace elements (Rb and Sr) and strontium isotopes have been
determined for three different hydrologic periods in the main stream of the Desges river and its tributaries.
The aim was to characterize the chemical and isotopic signatures of each reservoir in the watershed; signature changes are
interpreted as fluctuations in the different influencing components: rainwater, weathering products and anthropogenic addition.
In the study area, as in other watersheds in granite environments, the only source for input of chemical species into the
dissolved load at high altitude is chemical weathering and atmospheric deposition, whereas at lower altitude, human influence
plays a non-negligible role.
As precipitation is a major vehicle for the addition of dissolved chemical species into the hydrosystem, a systematic rainwater
study using an automatic collector was carried out over one year in order to better constrain rain elemental input. Corrections
for rainwater addition, using chloride as an atmospheric-input reference, were computed for selected elements and for 87Sr/86Sr
ratios. After these correction, the geochemical budget of the watershed was determined and the role of anthropogenic addition
was evaluated based on strontium isotope relationships.
For particulate matter, we used the normalization of chemical species relative to parent rocks and the element ratios which
reflect the depletion or enrichment in soils and sediments. Both the immobile- and mobile-element approaches have been tested,
using Ti/Zr and La/Ce ratios for the former and Ca/Sr, K/Rb, and K/Fe ratios for the latter.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):714-736
We studied the geochemical characteristics of three types of Mesozoic igneous rocks from the Luzong volcanic basin: basaltic trachyandesite at Shuangmiao, pyroxene monzonite at Bajiatan, and quartz-syenite (A-type granite) at Huangmeijian. Based on analyses of whole-rock major elements, all investigated rocks are enriched in K, Na, Ti, Al, but depleted in Ca, representing a shoshonitic series. Trace element analyses show that these rocks are characterized by enrichments of large-ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements. Positive Nb and Ta anomalies in the chondrite-normalized spider diagram indicate that the shoshonitic volcanic rocks share similar features with Nb-enriched basalts, which are different from normal island-arc volcanical rocks (they are typically strongly depleted in Nb and Ta). Bulk-rock chemical compositions and Sr–Nd isotopes indicate that the three types of igneous rocks are geochemically comagmatic, suggesting that the melts were derived from an enriched mantle reservoir. We postulate an extensional tectonic setting for the formation of Luzong volcanic basin, possibly related to subduction of a palaeo-Pacific plate beneath the east Chinese continent during the Yanshanian period (Cretaceous). Therefore, the petrogenetic features of those volcanic rocks as well as A-type granites in the Luzong basin indicate that the regional large-scale Fe–Cu–Au mineralization was associated with oceanic slab melting, but not delamination or recycling of the ancient lower continental crust, as previously proposed. 相似文献
20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2006,21(3):492-514
Geochemical mapping of northern Honshu in the Northeast Japan Arc was carried out using stream sediments at a sampling density of one sample per 130 km2. More than 50 elements were determined in 395 stream sediment samples (<0.18 mm fraction). In geochemical maps, areas with especially low concentrations of large ion lithophile elements (LILE), Be and Li widely overlap with the distribution of Quaternary volcanic rocks along the volcanic front. The areas rich in mafic elements are associated with mafic rocks in many cases. On a regional scale, Ni, Cr and Cu contents are higher in the eastern Paleozoic–Mesozoic basement zone, Pb and Tl tend to be higher on the western zones, and Zn and Cd are high in the western back-arc zone. The areas especially rich in Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Bi and Tl coincide with the distribution of large mineral deposits. High concentrations related to Kuroko, hydrothermal-vein, and skarn-type deposits are recognized. High values of As and Sb are related to active geothermal areas near volcanoes and ore deposits. Chemical variations of K, Ce, Th and Sn in the stream sediments are concordant with chemical variations in major rocks. The median and mean concentrations for the stream sediments in northern Honshu, showing arc signatures, are lower in Rb, Cs, Th, Li, K, Be, Ta, LREE, Ni, Hg and Sn, and higher in Sc, Ca and Cd relative to the whole area of Japan, largely because of the contribution of Cenozoic island-arc volcanic rocks that are generally poor in incompatible elements. The averaged chemical compositions of the stream sediments for the geologic zones show systematic variations of many elements. The contrasting variations of LREE and Th contents, which are lower in the zones of Cenozoic rocks relative to the zones of pre-Neogene basements, reflect the regional variations in the main rocks, and also reflect the change of geological settings of the studied area from the continental margin to an island arc during the Cenozoic. 相似文献