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鲁西南地区高氟水分布规律与成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地方性氟中毒是我国北方地区最为典型的地方病之一,查明高氟地下水的空间分布及其成因是除氟改水、防治氟害的前提。通过对鲁西南地区不同层位地下水水质分析结果及水文地质、地质条件等多个环境影响因素的综合分析,查明了鲁西南地区高氟水的空间分布规律,并分析了影响浅层和深层高氟水形成的环境因素。浅层高氟水呈片状分布于洼地、缓平坡地等地势较低的区域,占鲁西南地区总面积的47%,大部分地区高氟水氟离子含量为1.2～2.0 mg/L,局部大于4.0 mg/L,其形成受气候、地质环境、地形地貌特征及水化学环境等多个因素的影响,成因类型为溶滤-蒸发浓缩型。深层高氟水具有水平分带性,占鲁西南地区总面积的65%,大部分高氟水氟离子含量为2.0～4.0 mg/L,氟离子含量分布与晚更新世沉积相带呈现很好的相似性,推测其为地质历史时期形成的古地下水。 相似文献
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依据2006—2016年间采集的区内475件地下水无机分析数据以及钻探岩心易溶盐测试数据,详细研究了微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布特征和富集机制。结果表明:微山湖流域高氟地下水的分布有明显的东西分区特征,湖西冲积、湖积平原区有大范围的高氟地下水,在深度0—40 m的浅层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~2 mg/L为主,仅现代黄河影响带地下水氟含量小于1 mg/L,金乡、单县、嘉祥局部超过3 mg/L,最大值9.5 mg/L;在深度150—400 m的深层孔隙地下水中,氟含量以1~1.5 mg/L为主,菏泽—单县条带氟含量超过2 mg/L,最大值3.5 mg/L。微山湖东冲积、洪积平原浅层孔隙地下水、深层岩溶地下水氟含量均小于1 mg/L。湖西冲积、湖积平原沉积物中可溶性氟含量随深度增加而降低。微山湖流域湖西高氟地下水形成受物质来源、淋滤和蒸发浓缩等三方面因素共同控制,CaF_2的溶解平衡是控制地下水F–含量的重要因素。 相似文献
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本文以生命必需元素氟为研究对象,选择地方性氟病分布典型、地下水类型分布全面的山东省全境为研究区,依托2006～2016年间采集的4321件地下水无机分析数据,综合运用数理统计分析、离子比值分析、水化学平衡体系分析,详细研究了山东省高氟地下水的分布特征和富集机制.结果表明:山东省浅层高氟地下水集中连片分布于胶莱盆地和鲁西南平原地区地势低洼地带,地下水氟含量超过1 mg/L的分布面积13227 km2,最大值22 mg/L;深层承压孔隙水高氟区集中分布于平原盆地中心的德州、滨州、菏泽等地深层承压孔隙水水位降落漏斗区,氟含量超过2 mg/L的分布面积15086 km2,最大值7.5 mg/L,地下水开采是驱动深层承压孔隙水氟富集的主要因素;不同类型地下水氟平均含量从大到小依次是深层承压孔隙水、浅层松散岩类孔隙水、侵入岩变质岩基岩裂隙水、碳酸盐岩类裂隙岩溶水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水;深层承压孔隙水F-含量与Ca2+含量呈明显的负相关,其他类型地下水F-含量与Ca2+含量相关关系不明显.综合得出:山东省高氟地下水形成受地貌与地质构造部位、含水介质地球化学特性、人类地下水开采等三方面因素共同驱动,含氟矿物的溶解是地下水中氟的物质来源,淋滤、蒸发浓缩、水岩相互作用使得地下水氟含量进一步升高,氟-钙拮抗作用机制最终决定地下水中氟含量.此研究揭示了控制不同类型地下水氟富集的关键因素,深化了氟在地下水中化学行为的认识. 相似文献
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黄河下游典型灌区河南段是豫北平原重要的农业种植区。该地区浅层水质整体较差,因常用于作物灌溉或家畜饮用,会对人体健康产生风险,因此对该地区地下水中砷与氟浓度变化特征和机制的研究将有助于提高对该地区地下水污染的认识水平。本文基于2010年和2020年在灌区范围内采集的327组浅层地下水样品,研究区内地下水砷和氟分布情况,并在此基础上对比研究十年间灌区浅层地下水中砷、氟的演化特征,探索分析砷与氟浓度及空间变化机制。研究结果表明：该地区浅层地下水中存在砷与氟超标问题,2020年浅层地下水中高砷（砷浓度大于10μg/L）和高氟（氟浓度大于1mg/L）的样品数量分别占总数的26.1%和26.06%。高砷水分布在太行山前洼地与黄河冲积平原等泥沙互层结构的沉积环境中,还原性较强,同时地下水径流不畅,较强的阳离子交换作用使得其所处环境中Ca2+浓度较高。近十年间砷浓度增加的水样占总数31.8%,砷浓度减少的水样占36.7%。砷浓度的增长（减少）是地下水还原性增强（减弱）使得锰氧化物溶解释放（吸附）导致。近十年间不同地区农业灌溉和水源置换等用水方式导致水位变化是引起砷浓度变化的潜在因素。高氟水主要分布在河南新乡与濮阳的黄河沿线,氟离子浓度受到沉积物中萤石等钙质矿物溶解影响,使得高氟地下水出现在低钙环境中。近十年间研究区中氟离子浓度减少的占总数60.2%,氟离子浓度增加的占32.1%,整体变化趋势向好,但是高氟区中氟离子浓度继续增加。氟浓度的变化同样受到Ca2+变化影响,在Ca2+浓度降低（升高）时氟浓度进一步升高（降低）。地下水中氟升高地区分布在黄河沿线,因此受到黄河水补给影响较大,地下水径流条件较好,阳离子交换作用减弱,使得Ca2+浓度降低,此时地下水中砷浓度受到环境影响而降低,因此研究区氟增加地区中砷与氟的分布和演化呈现反向关系。 相似文献
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大同盆地高氟地下水的分布特征及形成过程分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大同盆地是典型的高氟地下水分布区,其分布规律和成因在类似地区具有代表性。在对盆地地下水水化学特征和空间变化特征分析的基础上,深入讨论了高氟地下水的空间分布规律、控制因素及其形成的水文地球化学过程。结果表明,整个盆地浅层孔隙水中的氟质量浓度普遍较高,变化范围为0.29~6.22mg/L,平均值为1.82mg/L。氟质量浓度高值区主要分布于盆地中部和北部,呈现出由盆地边缘至盆地中心,质量浓度趋向于升高的变化规律。强烈的蒸发浓缩作用以及高pH、高碱度、高钠低钙含量的水化学特征有利于氟富集。大同盆地高氟地下水的形成是含氟矿物的溶解、离子交换和蒸发浓缩作用等水文地球化学过程共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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在水文地质调查、取样测试的基础上,以安徽省淮北市地下水中的氟为研究对象,对338个地下水样品的测试结果进行了分析。结果表明:淮北市地下水中氟的含量在空间分布上总体呈从北向南逐渐降低趋势,北部氟含量均值在2.0 mg/L以上;氟的超标率35.5%,高于淮河流域地下水氟的超标率20.14%(淮河流域地下水污染项目数据统计结果);浅层地下水(≤50 m)氟超标率40.45%,深层地下水(50 m)氟的超标率16.9%;地下水中氟超标与地质背景、人类活动以及环境条件有关。 相似文献
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由于地表水资源稀缺,地下水是塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带重要用水水源,因此,系统查明该区地下水砷氟碘的分布及成因至关重要。基于塔里木盆地南缘绿洲带233组地下水水样检测结果,分析不同含水层中高砷、高氟和高碘地下水的空间分布及水化学特征,结合研究区地质、水文地质条件和地下水赋存环境进一步揭示影响地下水砷氟碘的来源、迁移与富集的水文地球化学过程。结果表明:地下水砷、氟、碘浓度变化范围分别为1.091.2 μg/L、0.0128.31 mg/L、10.02 637.0 μg/L。地下水高砷、高氟和高碘水样分别占总水样的7.3%、47.2%和11.6%,砷氟碘共富集占比为3.0%。砷氟碘共富集地下水主要分布于研究区中部的民丰县,水化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na型。自补给区至过渡区再至蒸发区,地下水氟、碘浓度明显增大,砷浓度在过渡区和蒸发区均较大;砷氟碘共富集地下水取样点主要分布于36.060.0 m深度的浅层承压含水层中。浅层地下水受蒸发作用和矿物溶解沉淀作用的影响,随砷氟碘富集项的增多而增大。第四纪成因类型中风积物对氟浓度的影响较大,洪积-湖积物对砷和碘浓度的影响较大。细粒岩性、平缓的地形、地下水浅埋条件、偏碱性的地下水环境、微生物降解作用下有机质介导的矿物溶解是利于砷氟碘共富集的主要机制。 相似文献
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地下水NO_3~–-N污染已成为当今世界上一个日趋严重的环境问题和社会问题。本文在水文地质调查基础上,应用地质统计学方法对所采集样品测试数据进行了分析,结果表明呼和浩特市托克托县浅层地下水NO_3~–-N分布极不均匀,NO_3~–-N含量大于20 mg/L的地下水分布面积占全区总面积的72.1%,广泛分布于古城镇以南的区域。少数井点地下水NO_3~–-N含量已大于100 mg/L,最高达304.6 mg/L,已发展成为硝酸型地下水。通过采用水质解析法和化学平衡法分析地下水NO_3~–-N污染来源,揭示了人类污水灌溉、粪便堆放、化肥施用等活动对托克托县地下水NO_3~–-N污染有重要的驱动作用。 相似文献
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依据2006—2009年间采集的区内1092件浅层地下水无机分析和现场测试数据,采用地统计学分析方法,分析了黄河下游冲积平原地下水中砷的空间变异特征及在人类活动影响下的污染现状。全区26.65%的样品砷含量超过饮用水标准,超标区域面积占全区总面积的17.3%。浅层地下水中砷的统计特征表明砷的离散程度和变异系数均较高;空间变异特征显示砷在空间上的分布各向异性,砷含量分布差异与地下水流向关系不密切,不同浓度的分布主要受原生条件和污染源的影响;区内约7%的浅层地下水样品砷的浓度由人类活动影响形成,其中12%的砷污染样品源于养殖场砷污染,养殖场内浅层地下水砷检出率、超标率均为全区的2倍;砷污染源包括农村分散养殖场牲畜废弃物排放、含砷农药的施用、工业污水的不达标排放等。 相似文献
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David L. Ozsvath 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(1):132-138
Water samples from 2,789 private water-supply wells in Marathon County, Wisconsin reveal that fluoride concentrations in the crystalline bedrock range from <0.01 to 7.60 mg/L, with 0.6% of the values exceeding the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) maximum contaminant level of 4 mg/L, and 8.6% exceeding the EPA’s secondary maximum contaminant level of 2.0 mg/L. Roughly a quarter of the wells contain dissolve fluoride within the range considered optimal for human health (between 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L), whereas 63.3% fall below 0.5 mg/L. Consistent with studies conducted in other regions, felsic rocks have significantly higher fluoride concentrations than mafic and metasedimentary rocks. Syenites yield the most fluoriferous groundwaters, but the highest median concentration occurs in a sodium-plagioclase granite. A relationship between plagioclase composition and fluoride concentrations suggests that dissolved fluoride levels are controlled by fluorite solubility and that higher fluoride concentrations are found in soft, sodium-rich groundwater. 相似文献
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Seasonal variations and mechanisms of groundwater nitrate pollution in the Gaza Strip 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Nitrate represents one of the major pollutants of groundwater in the Gaza Strip. Several cases of blue babies disease were reported in the last couple of years. The present study is an investigation of the seasonal variations in nitrate concentration to better understand the mechanisms and parameters controlling this perilous pollutant. Nitrate was analysed in 100 wells (47 agricultural and 53 domestic) in five governorates. The results showed that 90% of the tested wells have nitrate far beyond the allowed values set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The average concentration of nitrate in domestic wells is 128 mg/L in June-July and 118 mg/L in Jan-Feb, and for the agricultural wells, the average is 100 mg/L in June-July, and 96 mg/L for Jan-Feb. The results suggest that the seasonal differences in nitrate concentrations of the domestic wells are slightly more observable than those of the agricultural wells. The environmental factors that control nitrate in groundwater are: a partially-confined aquifer, lack of a sewage system, population density, the presence of refugee camps, the presence of fertilizers and the annual rain. The variations in nitrate concentration of the domestic wells are not of considerable values. It is suggested that concrete policies in pollution control and/or prevention measures could be formulated upon better understanding of the environmental factors. 相似文献
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Temporal variations in arsenic concentration in the groundwater of Murshidabad District,West Bengal,India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
S. H. Farooq D. Chandrasekharam S. Norra Z. Berner E. Eiche P. Thambidurai D. Stüben 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,62(2):223-232
Systematic investigations on seasonal variations in arsenic (As) concentrations in groundwater in both space and time are
scarce for most parts of West Bengal (India). Hence, this study has been undertaken to investigate the extent of As pollution
and its temporal variability in parts of Murshidabad district (West Bengal, India). Water samples from 35 wells were collected
during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and analyzed for various elements. Based on the Indian permissible limit
for As (50 μg/L) in the drinking water, water samples were classified into contaminated and uncontaminated category. 18 wells
were reported as uncontaminated (on average 12 μg/L As) and 12 wells were found contaminated (129 μg/L As) throughout the
year, while 5 wells could be classified as either contaminated or uncontaminated depending on when they were sampled. Although
the number of wells that alternate between the contaminated and uncontaminated classification is relatively small (14%), distinct
seasonal variation in As concentrations occur in all wells. This suggests that investigations conducted within the study area
for the purpose of assessing the health risk posed by As in groundwater should not rely on a single round of water samples.
In comparison to other areas, As is mainly released to the groundwater due to reductive dissolution of Fe-oxyhydroxides, a
process, which is probably enhanced by anthropogenic input of organic carbon. The seasonal variation in As concentrations
appear to be caused mainly by dilution effects during monsoon and post-monsoon. The relatively high concentrations of Mn (mean
0.9 mg/L), well above the WHO limit (0.4 mg/L), also cause great concern and necessitate further investigations. 相似文献
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赤峰市潜水中氟离子（下称氟）含量，超过饮水标准（１ｍｇ／Ｌ）的面积，约占全市总面积５０％，约２５万人口患氟中毒病。本文从地质、地貌、水文地质条件入手，研究潜水中氟形成与分布的主要自然环境。文中重点阐述地下水的形成与水中氟迁移，累积关系。研究发现，水中氟＜０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ区，位于大兴安岭以西，是地下水迳流排泄区，大兴安岭以东，是地下水分水岭区；０．５～１ｍｇ／Ｌ区，位于补给及排泄区；１－３ｍｇ／Ｌ区，位于排泄、这流区；＞３ｍｇ／Ｌ区，是地下水以蒸发消耗为主区。后两区是氟高发地段。由山区→山前区→主谷平原区→河流，水中氟含量呈现出，由低→高→低→更低的变化规律。 相似文献
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The possibility of using the dolomite geochemical barrier for fine cleaning of alkaline wastewaters against fluorine was substantiated in experiments for coal-burning power plants. It was found that the residual fluorine concentration at pH 10.4–10.6 conformed to the optimum values for potable waters (0.7–0.9 mg/L), whereas the degree of fluorine removal at pH > 12.0 was at a maximum at 99.2% with less than 0.1 mg/L residual fluorine concentration. The optimum residual concentration of fluorine was obtained under the stoichiometric excess of dolomite over reactive CaO in ashes and slag wastes, which allowed calculation of the required capacity of dolomite barriers. 相似文献
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Binbin Wang Baoshan Zheng Weijuan Lian Lan Yang Ruizhe Huang Jianping Ruan 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(2):172-175
In this study, the author determined fluorine in drinking water and urine of residents who are divided into four age groups (5, 12, 35-44, 65-74 aged), living in Huangling City, Shaanxi Province and at 6 villages of Qin'an County, Gansu Province, P.R.China. Some residents are living in fluorine exposure areas. A total of 929 residents (463 females and 466 males) involved in the study were selected from 7 tap water systems. Drinking water samples were collected from each area and analyzed using the fluoride ... 相似文献
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To study arsenic(As) content and distribution patterns as well as the genesis of different kinds of water, especially the different sources of drinking water in Guanzhong Basin, Shaanxi province, China, 139 water samples were collected at 62 sampling points from wells of different depths, from hot springs, and rivers. The As content of these samples was measured by the intermittent flowhydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method(HG-AFS). The As concentrations in the drinking water in Guanzhong Basin vary greatly(0.00–68.08 μg/L), and the As concentration of groundwater in southern Guanzhong Basin is different from that in the northern Guanzhong Basin. Even within the same location in southern Guanzhong Basin, the As concentrations at different depths vary greatly. As concentration of groundwater from the shallow wells(50 m deep, 0.56–3.87 μg/L) is much lower than from deep wells(110–360 m deep, 19.34–62.91 μg/L), whereas As concentration in water of any depth in northern Guanzhong Basin is 10 μg/L. Southern Guanzhong Basin is a newly discovered high-As groundwater area in China. The high-As groundwater is mainly distributed in areas between the Qinling Mountains and Weihe River; it has only been found at depths ranging from 110 to 360 m in confined aquifers, which store water in the Lishi and Wucheng Loess(Lower and Middle Pleistocene) in the southern Guanzhong Basin. As concentration of hot spring water is 6.47–11.94 μg/L; that of geothermal water between 1000 and 1500 m deep is 43.68–68.08 μg/L. The high-As well water at depths from 110 to 360 m in southern Guanzhong Basin has a very low fluorine(F) value, which is generally 0.10 mg/L. Otherwise, the hot springs of Lintong and Tangyu and the geothermal water in southern Guanzhong Basin have very high F values(8.07–14.96 mg/L). The results indicate that highAs groundwater in depths from 110 to 360 m is unlikely to have a direct relationship with the geothermal water in the same area. As concentration of all reservoirs and rivers(both contaminated and uncontaminated) in the Guanzhong Basin is 10 μg/L. This shows that pollution in the surface water is not the source of the high-As in the southern Guanzhong Basin. The partition boundaries of the high- and low-As groundwater area corresponds to the partition boundaries of the tectonic units in the Guanzhong Basin. This probably indicates that the high-As groundwater areas can be correlated to their geological underpinning and structural framework. In southern Guanzhong Basin, the main sources of drinking water for villages and small towns today are wells between 110–360 m deep. All of their As contents exceed the limit of the Chinese National Standard and the International Standard(10 μg/L) and so local residents should use other sources of clean water that are 50 m deep, instead of deep groundwater(110 to 360 m) for their drinking water supply. 相似文献
19.
Qiao Chen Qingshui Lu Zhaojun Song Peng Chen Yukun Cui Rui Zhang Xiaohui Li Jingyuan Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(10):4513-4522
The levels of fluorine in sediment cores obtained from Changyi County (PZ core) and Laizhou County (TS core) are used to discuss the fluorine sources in groundwater and its enrichment dynamics. The sediments in the aquifer are mainly constituted of granite gravels. The levels of fluorine in the PZ and TS cores range from 130 to 468 mg/kg, 139–528 mg/kg, with average values of 324, 348 mg/kg, respectively, which show relatively lower levels than the national average of fluorine in the soil or sediment. Thus, the fluorosis in this area should not be attributed to the levels of fluorine in sediments. The average fluorine concentrations in the aquifer from top to bottom are 154, 139, 200, 222 mg/kg for the TS core, and 154, 130, 266, 272 mg/kg for the PZ core, respectively, which are the lowest of the cores and extremely lower levels than the fresh granites. Such a fact indicates that a vast amount of fluorine has been leached into the groundwater. Moreover, the fluorine leachability is estimated to be approximately 70 %, although the previous documents showed fluorine contents of the granite surrounding Laizhou Bay were almost equal to or even lower than the average levels of fluorine in fresh granites. Meanwhile, a simulation experiment also reveals that fluorine release from rocks increases with the addition of seawater and brine water. Therefore, the seawater intrusion may potentially enhance the fluorine leachability, and should be an important dynamic of fluorine enrichment. 相似文献
20.
Differences in the degree of confinement, redox conditions, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are the main factors that control the persistence of nitrate and pesticides in the Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) and overlying surficial aquifer beneath two agricultural areas in the southeastern US. Groundwater samples were collected multiple times from 66 wells during 1993–2007 in a study area in southwestern Georgia (ACFB) and from 48 wells in 1997–98 and 2007–08 in a study area in South Carolina (SANT) as part of the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program. In the ACFB study area, where karst features are prevalent, elevated nitrate-N concentrations in the oxic unconfined UFA (median 2.5 mg/L) were significantly (p = 0.03) higher than those in the overlying oxic surficial aquifer (median 1.5 mg/L). Concentrations of atrazine and deethylatrazine (DEA; the most frequently detected pesticide and degradate) were higher in more recent groundwater samples from the ACFB study area than in samples collected prior to 2000. Conversely, in the SANT study area, nitrate-N concentrations in the UFA were mostly <0.06 mg/L, resulting from anoxic conditions and elevated DOC concentrations that favored denitrification. Although most parts of the partially confined UFA in the SANT study area were anoxic or had mixed redox conditions, water from 28 % of the sampled wells was oxic and had low DOC concentrations. Based on the groundwater age information, nitrate concentrations reflect historic fertilizer N usage in both the study areas, but with a lag time of about 15–20 years. Simulated responses to future management scenarios of fertilizer N inputs indicated that elevated nitrate-N concentrations would likely persist in oxic parts of the surficial aquifer and UFA for decades even with substantial decreases in fertilizer N inputs over the next 40 years. 相似文献