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淮北平原汾泉河流域水文模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以淮北平原的汾泉河流域力试点,分析研究了平原坡水区的水文特性,提出了一个平原流域水文模型。模型的特点是:产流部分能模拟表层超渗和蓄满两种产流方式;汇流部分用两个非线性系统分别模拟表层水和地下水的汇流,其中地下永的非线性汇流概念性模型是建立在乎原河网特征基础上的,并认为传统的地下水线性响应的假定,在地下水埋藏浅的平原地区不再适合.该模型在汾泉河流域应用成功,可作为水文分析计算的有用工具. 相似文献
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对于给定的流域,选择合适的水文模型进行模拟是水文学研究的难点。选取中国11个典型流域,划分为蓄满产流区、超渗产流区及混合产流区,分别验证4种经典概念性模型与4种灵活架构模型。研究表明:蓄满产流区灵活架构模型难以提高模拟精度,但可以检验模型构件对模拟结果的影响,排除不合实际的模型结构;超渗产流区灵活架构模型可以提高模拟精度,但缺乏系统性,难以完整准确地描绘水文过程。综合而言,灵活架构模型表现不稳定,通用性差,但架设与修改方便,易于确定流域产汇流关键过程,是水文模拟的有效手段。 相似文献
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对于给定的流域,选择合适的水文模型进行模拟是水文学研究的难点。选取中国11个典型流域,划分为蓄满产流区、超渗产流区及混合产流区,分别验证4种经典概念性模型与4种灵活架构模型。研究表明:蓄满产流区灵活架构模型难以提高模拟精度,但可以检验模型构件对模拟结果的影响,排除不合实际的模型结构;超渗产流区灵活架构模型可以提高模拟精度,但缺乏系统性,难以完整准确地描绘水文过程。综合而言,灵活架构模型表现不稳定,通用性差,但架设与修改方便,易于确定流域产汇流关键过程,是水文模拟的有效手段。 相似文献
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贵州典型岩溶流域日降雨径流过程模拟研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以蓄满产流方式描述岩溶地区的产流过程,采用稳定入渗法划分径流,将非线性水箱模型用于模拟单元流域的调蓄过程,以遗传算法为基础率定模型参数,建立了基于遗传算法率定参数的概念性岩溶水文模型,并以贵州普定后寨河流域为例,采用流域内老黑潭、六谷、后寨测站的水文资料对所建模型进行检验,以相对误差、互相关系数和确定性系数来评定模型.结果表明,本模型预报结果的相对误差均小于士10%,互相关系数均大于0.80,确定性系数均大于或等于0.70,说明所构建的模型能够模拟及预报岩溶地区的降雨径流过程. 相似文献
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垂向混合产流模型及应用 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
半干旱地区的产流理论和计算方法研究，在我国尚进一个薄弱环节。据蓄满和超渗两种概化的产流机制，提出了垂向混合唱 产流模型。经应用检验，表明模型结构较合理，模拟拟实测资料的效果良好。 相似文献
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河川径流是降雨与水文下垫面共同作用的结果。但在同量级的降雨量和降雨强度下,不同的水文下垫面条件,其产流机理是截然不同的,甚至差异会很大。对山西省忻州市各类水文下垫面代表站降雨径流关系特性分析,最终得出不同水文下垫面具有不同降雨产流机理、年径流系数受到水文下垫面影响和同类水文下垫面植被影响年径流系数三个结论。 相似文献
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Shattri Mansor Nader Saadatkhah Zailani Khuzaimah Arnis Asmat Nor Aizam Adnan Siti Noradzah Adam 《Natural Hazards》2018,93(2):739-764
The objective of this paper is to develop a spatial temporal runoff modelling of local rainfall patterns effect on the plant cover hilly lands in Kelantan River Basin. Rainfall interception loss based on leaf area index, loss/infiltration on the ground surface, and runoff calculation were considered as the main plant cover effects on the runoff volume. In this regard, a hydrological and geotechnical grid-based regional model (integrated model) was performed using Microsoft Excel® and GIS framework system for deterministic modelling of rainfall-induced runoff by incorporating plant cover effects. The infiltration process of the current model was integrated with the precipitation distribution method and rainfall interception approach while the runoff analysis of integrated model was employed based on loss/infiltration water on the ground surface with consideration of water interception loss by canopy and the remaining surface water. In the following, the spatial temporal analysis of rainfall-induced runoff was performed using 10 days of hourly rainfall events at the end of December 2014 in Kelantan River Basin. The corresponding changes in pressure head and consequent rate of infiltration were calculated during rainfall events. Subsequently, flood volume is computed using local rainfall patterns, along with water interception loss and the remaining surface water in the study area. The results showed the land cover changes caused significant differences in hydrological response to surface water. The increase in runoff volume of the Kelantan River Basin is as a function of deforestation and urbanization, especially converting the forest area to agricultural land (i.e. rubber and mixed agriculture). 相似文献
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建立了适用于栅格单元系统的基于运动波理论的降尺度新安江模型(KWXAJ)。在栅格单元中采用新安江模型计算产流,运动波模型进行坡面汇流演算。模型中,为考虑上游坡地单元入流的径流入渗(run-on)效应,在进行坡地产流计算时,降雨及上游坡面流及壤中出流被同时作为来水输入新安江模型。在运动波模型中,糙率系数依据土地利用方式及洪水量级确定。选取淮河史灌河流域黄泥庄以上集水区域,作为研究区域。用流域历史上的13次洪水过程来率定和验证此模型。研究表明,run-on机制对流域产汇流预测有重要影响,其显著影响流域内土壤蓄水量时空分布,进而改变产汇流机制。数据分析还显示,不考虑run-on机制将导致模拟洪峰滞后。 相似文献
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以滦河流域为研究区,利用1985和2000年土地利用数据,结合SWAT分布式水文模型定量评价了流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应,并分析了流域地表径流变化与主要景观类型的响应关系。结果表明:SWAT（Soil and Water Assessment Tool）模型可以较好地模拟滦河流域的月流量过程,在研究区具有较好的适用性;1985—2000年流域林地向草地和耕地的转变导致流域年均地表径流和总径流量分别增加了12.6%和5.1%;并使得流域年均地表径流变化空间差异显著,整体呈增加趋势,且主要受到林地变化的影响,而在三道河子以上集水区地表径流的变化则主要受到耕地景观的影响。合理规划土地利用格局,对于流域水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Nader Saadatkhah Mohammadreza Hadad Tehrani Shattri Mansor Zailani Khuzaimah Azman Kassim Reza Saadatkhah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(17):687
In the current years, changing the land cover/land use had serious hydrological impacts affecting the flood events in the Kelantan River basin. The flood events at the east coast of the peninsular Malaysia got highly affected in the recent decades due to several factors like urbanisation, rapid changes in the utilisation of land and lack of meteorological (i.e. change in climate) and developmental monitoring and planning. The Kelantan River basin has been highly influenced due to a rapid change in land use during 1984 to 2013, which occurred in the form of transformation of agricultural area and deforestation (logging activities). In order to evaluate the influence of the modifications in land cover on the flood events, two hydrological regional models of rainfall-induced runoff event, the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC)-Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) model and improved transient rainfall infiltration and grid-based regional model (Improved TRIGRS), were employed in this study. The responses of land cover changes on the peak flow and runoff volume were investigated using 10 days of hourly rainfall events from 20 December to the end of December 2014 at the study area. The usage of two hydrological models defined that the changes in land use/land cover caused momentous changes in hydrological response towards water flow. The outcomes also revealed that the increase of severe water flow at the study area is a function of urbanisation and deforestation, particularly in the conversion of the forest area to the less canopy coverage, for example, oil palm, mixed agriculture and rubber. The monsoon season floods and runoff escalate in the cleared land or low-density vegetation area, while the normal flow gets the contribution from interflow generated from secondary jungle and forested areas. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2004,19(5):645-664
Sediment and water samples from 12 saline pans on the semi-arid west coast of South Africa were analysed to determine the origin of salts and geochemical evolution of water in the pans. Pans in the area can be subdivided into large, gypsiferous coastal pans with 79–150 g/kg total dissolved salt (TDS), small inland brackish to saline (2–64 g/kg TDS) pans and small inland brine (168-531 g/kg TDS) pans that have a layer of black sulphidic mud below a halite crust. The salinity of coastal pan waters varies with the seasonal influx of dilute runoff and dissolution of relict Pleistocene marine evaporite deposits. In contrast, inland pans are local topographic depressions, bordered on the north by downslope lunette dunes, where solutes are concentrated by evaporation of runoff, throughflow and groundwater seepage. The composition of runoff and seepage inflow waters is determined by modification of coastal rainfall by weathering, calcite precipitation and ion exchange reactions in the predominantly granitic catchment soils. Evaporation of pan waters leads to precipitation of calcite, Mg–calcite, dolomite, gypsum and halite in a distinct stratigraphic succession in pan sediments. Bicarbonate limits carbonate precipitation, Ca limits gypsum precipitation and Na limits halite precipitation. Dolomitisation of calcite is enhanced by the high Mg/Ca ratio of brine pan waters. Brine pan waters evolve seasonally from Na–Cl dominated brines in the wet winter months to Mg–Cl dominated brines in the dry summer months, when 5–20 cm thick halite crusts cover pan surfaces. Pan formation was probably initiated during a drier climate period in the early Holocene. More recent replacement of natural vegetation by cultivated land may have accelerated salt accumulation in the pans. 相似文献
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The water resource and its change of mountainous area are very important to the oasis economic system and ecosystem in the arid areas of northwest China. Accurately understanding the water transfer and circulation process among vegetation, soil, and atmosphere over different hydrological units in mountainous areas such as snow and ice, cold desert, forest and grassland is the basic scientific issue of water research in cold and arid regions, which is also the basis of water resource delicacy management and regulation. There are many research results on the hydrological function of different land covers in mountain areas, basin hydrological processes, however, there are only very limited studies on the water internal recycle at basin scale. The quantitative study on the mechanism of water internal recycle is still at the starting stage, which faces many challenges. The key project “Study on water internal recycle processes and mechanism in typical mountain areas of inland basins, Northwest China” funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China will select the Aksu River and Shule River Basin, which have better observation basis, as study area. The internal mechanism of moisture transfer and exchange process of different land cover and atmosphere, the internal mechanism of water cycle in the basin, and water transfer paths in atmosphere will be studied through enhancing runoff plot experiments on different land cover, analyzing the mechanism of water vapor transfer and exchange between different land covers in the watershed by isotope tracing on the water vapor flux of vegetation water, soil moisture and atmospheric moisture, improving the algorithms of remote sensing inversion and ground verification on land surface evapotranspiration on different land cover, and analyzing the water vapor flux from reanalysis data, and the coupling modeling of regional climate model and land surface process model. At last, the effect of different land cover in hydrological process of mountain area, and the impact of land cover on downstream oasis will be systematically analyzed. 相似文献
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用BATS模型模拟径流的个例研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解陆气间水热交换在径表成中的作用,本文采用ＢＡＴＳ模型模拟了淮河流域山区和平原在１９９１年汛期５０天的暴雨洪水过程,计算了径流,土壤温度和感热,通量,并用常规的汇流计算方法得到了流域出口断量过程线。 相似文献
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提出了一种基于水文系统理论的分布式水文模拟方法,它将集总的水文非线性系统模型通过GIS平台,结合单元水文模拟,拓展到分布式流域水文模拟。它既具有分布式水文概念性模拟的特征,同时又具有水文系统分析适应能力强的优点。实例分析表明:在黄河板桥流域,通过考虑时变增益因子G的空间变异性,该模型吸纳了局部高强度降水信息,对分布式空间降水输入能够产生积极的响应,获得了比集总模型更好的峰值模拟效果;在华北潮白河流域,通过分析不同森林覆盖率下的G值变化曲线,初步揭示了潮白河流域土地利用变化的水文响应趋势,即在相同的土壤湿度条件下,随着森林覆盖率的增加,G值呈减小趋势,地表产流能力降低。 相似文献
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Ata Amini Pezhman Taherei Ghazvinei Mitra Javan Bahram Saghafian 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):3271-3279
Recently, water and soil resource competition and environmental degradation due to inadequate management practices have been increased and pose difficult problems for resource managers. Numerous watershed practices currently being implemented for runoff storage and flood control purposes have improved hydrologic conditions in watersheds and enhanced the establishment of riparian vegetation. The assessment of proposed management options increases management efficiency. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of watershed managements on runoff storage and peak flow, and determine the land use and cover dynamics that it has induced in Gav-Darreh watershed, Kurdistan, Iran. The watershed area is 6.27 km2 which has been subjected to non-structural and structural measures. The implemented management practices and its impact on land use and cover were assessed by integrating field observation and geographic information systems (GIS). The data were used to derive the volume of retained water and determine reduction in peak flow. The hydrology of the watershed was modeled using the Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC–HMS) model, and watershed changes were quantified through field work. Actual storms were used to calibrate and validate HEC–HMS rainfall–runoff model. The calibrated HEC–HMS model was used to simulate pre- and post-management conditions in the watershed. The results derived from field observation and HEC–HMS model showed that the practices had significant impacts on the runoff storage and peak flow reduction. 相似文献