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1.
白垩纪-古近纪(K-Pg)生物大灭绝事件前后的孢粉植物群的变化,可以详细揭示植被对一场全球环境危机(6550万年前小行星撞击现今的墨西哥)的响应。在K-Pg界线处有一些植物门类灭绝了,因此孢粉地层学是确定非海相序列中白垩纪-古近纪界线的主要工具。南半球包括以下植物区:热带至亚热带棕榈植物大区,高纬度Nothofagidites/Proteacidites大区,以及一个含有混合的植物组分的过渡区域。在棕榈植物大区,一些马斯特里赫特期的关键物种在白垩纪-古近纪界线处灭绝了,包括Aquilapollenites magnus、Buttinia andreevi、Crassitricolporites brasiliensis、Proteaci ditesdehaani和Gabonisporis vigourouxii。在Nothofagidites/Proteacidites大区,Tricolporite slilliei、Triporopollenites sectilis、Quadraplanus brossus、Nothofagidites kaitangata和Grapnelispora evansii等物种最后出现于白垩纪-古近纪界线处。由此可见,我们需要对南半球与中国的K-Pg界线处的孢粉信息进行更详尽的分析,才能更详细地了解不同纬度、不同地点的植被对墨西哥尤卡坦撞击事件的响应。 相似文献
2.
白垩纪—古近纪(K-Pg)界限时期发生了地质历史中最严重的生物大灭绝事件之一,重建该时期气候演化历史及其对生态系统的影响对理解深时气候演化规律和预测未来气候变化都具有重要意义。相比海相剖面而言,基于陆相剖面的白垩纪—古近纪界限时期古气候重建研究开展较晚,相关成果缺乏系统总结和集成。本文系统回顾了全球陆相白垩纪—古近纪界限剖面的分布情况和事件年代学新进展,总结了基于以上剖面重建的定量古气候记录和德干火山喷发记录,建立了界限时期中纬度陆地年平均温度和大气CO2浓度时间演化序列。陆相剖面分布相对集中且数量较少,中国是该时期陆相剖面发育最多的国家之一,多个盆地已经建立了德干火山喷发记录,在重建该时期陆地气候上具有很大潜力。基于陆相沉积物汞元素地球化学记录表明,德干火山作用导致了晚马斯特里赫特期变暖事件并触发了白垩纪末期生物大灭绝。中纬度陆地年平均温度重建结果显示马斯特里赫特期中期全球经历了～10℃的降温,到马斯特里赫特期晚期德干火山初始喷发前显著升温至～20℃,并在白垩纪—古近纪界限前后发生多次快速波动。尽管65～63 Ma之间陆地温度记录相对缺失,69～65 Ma之间重... 相似文献
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4.
二叠纪—三叠纪之交发生了显生宙最大的生物灭绝事件,同时发生了复杂的环境变化.由于陆相二叠系-三叠系界线附近生物化石记录没有海相记录完整,同时也缺乏其他可靠的年代地层标志,所以如何标定陆相剖面的二叠纪—三叠纪界线一直是研究热点和难点.贵州威宁金钟地区二叠纪—三叠纪之交位于康滇古陆的东侧,毗邻海陆过渡相区,可以与同期的浅海碎屑岩相、海陆过渡相、陆相剖面进行由海到陆“追索式”的生物地层对比,是我国研究海、陆相二叠系-三叠系界线及对比的关键研究区之一.研究区的金钟二叠系-三叠系界线剖面中化石丰富,共发现双壳类化石4属6种,叶肢介2属4种,植物化石9属及腕足类化石1属,为海、陆相地层对比提供了桥梁.依据叶肢介Euestheria gutta-Palaeolimnadia xuanweiensis组合、植物Annalepis-Peltaspermum组合以及双壳类Pteria ussurica variabilis-Neoschizodus orbicularis组合的生物化石时代归属讨论,识别出金钟剖面的二叠系-三叠系界线应该在卡以头组下部.通过与邻区不同相剖面的对比,提出双壳类Pteria ussurica variabilis-Neoschizodus orbicularis组合以及陆相的叶肢介Euestheria gutta-Palaeolimnadia xuanweiensis组合可以作为三叠纪最早期的识别和对比标志. 相似文献
5.
塔里木盆地西部白垩纪—古近纪发生了大规模的海侵事件,形成一个喇叭状向西开口的海湾,该海湾属于东特提斯洋的一个分支。该地区白垩纪—古近纪海相地层记录了东特提斯洋演化和一系列重大地质事件,具有重要的研究价值,但对其地层的研究仍相对薄弱,对重大地质事件的研究还不够深入。本文拟通过详细的岩石地层、生物地层和其他地层方法,完善地层划分与对比框架,并在此基础上讨论Cenomanian/ Turonian界线大洋缺氧事件(OAE2)、白垩纪/古近纪界线(K/Pg)、古新世—始新世极热事件(PETM)、特提斯海进与海退等一系列重大地质事件。塔里木盆地白垩纪—古近纪海相或海陆过渡相地层自下而上为克孜勒苏群、库克拜组、乌依塔克组、依格孜牙组、吐依洛克组、阿尔塔什组、齐姆根组、盖吉塔格组、卡拉塔尔组、乌拉根组和巴什布拉克组,上述地层中含有丰富的有孔虫、介形虫、钙质超微、沟鞭藻、孢粉、双壳类、腹足类等化石,以及少量菊石、腕足类、海胆和鲨鱼牙齿等化石。综合的生物地层和年代地层研究表明,克孜勒苏群的时代为早白垩世Barremian-Albian期,库克拜组—依格孜牙组的时代为晚白垩世Cenomanian-Maastrichtian期(Cenomanian/Turonian界线可能位于库克拜组三段),吐依洛克组的时代为白垩纪—古近纪过渡期;阿尔塔什组的时代为古新世早中期,齐姆根组为古新世晚期—始新世最早期,盖吉塔格组—乌拉根组的时代为中始新世中晚期,巴什布拉克组的时代为晚始新世,但不排除最上部进入渐新世早期。塔里木盆地的海侵开始于克孜勒苏群中上部沉积期(Albian晚期—Aptian早期),但规模很有限,大规模的海侵始于晚白垩世Cenomanian早期;从晚白垩世—古新世,共经历了5次大规模的海侵—海退事件;大约41 Ma前后,海水退出盆地南部的昆仑山山前,34 Ma前后,海水退出盆地北部的天山山前。上述海侵—海退事件可能受构造和全球海平面变化的双重影响,但构造事件对海侵的启动和结束可能更具决定性的影响。阐述了塔里木盆地西部白垩纪—古近纪海相地层所记录的OAE2、K/Pg界线、PETM和特提斯海侵—海退等事件,其中笔者及团队第一次在塔里木盆地西部齐姆根组中所发现和报道的PETM事件,将有助于揭示全球近岸地区PETM的特征和生物-环境响应。在未来的研究中,需要进一步厘清塔里木盆地西部地层序列,建立更加精细的生物地层和年代地层框架,加强对PETM和特提斯海侵—海退等重大地质事件的研究。 相似文献
6.
重大地质突变期生物与环境事件的分子化石记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着现代分析测试技术的发展,地质类脂物分子在地球环境和生命过程领域得到了快速的应用。总结了志留纪/奥陶纪、晚泥盆世弗拉期/法门期、三叠纪/二叠纪、侏罗纪/三叠纪、古近纪/白垩纪5次生物集群灭绝期地质类脂物分子记录的生物和环境事件。重点讨论了地质类脂物记录的绿硫细菌和水体透光带富硫化氢事件、甲烷菌与海底天然气水合物释放以及这些事件与生物危机的可能关系。提出了当前的工作应从生物危机向生态危机深入,既能反映生物事件与环境事件的关系,又能体现地质记录和地质过程的结合,这其中,地微生物生态系和陆地生态系工作亟待加强。 相似文献
7.
《地学前缘》2020,(6)
塔里木盆地西部白垩纪—古近纪发生了大规模的海侵事件,形成一个喇叭状向西开口的海湾,该海湾属于东特提斯洋的一个分支。该地区白垩纪—古近纪海相地层记录了东特提斯洋演化和一系列重大地质事件,具有重要的研究价值,但对其地层的研究仍相对薄弱,对重大地质事件的研究还不够深入。本文拟通过详细的岩石地层、生物地层和其他地层方法,完善地层划分与对比框架,并在此基础上讨论Cenomanian/Turonian界线大洋缺氧事件(OAE2)、白垩纪/古近纪界线(K/Pg)、古新世—始新世极热事件(PETM)、特提斯海进与海退等一系列重大地质事件。塔里木盆地白垩纪—古近纪海相或海陆过渡相地层自下而上为克孜勒苏群、库克拜组、乌依塔克组、依格孜牙组、吐依洛克组、阿尔塔什组、齐姆根组、盖吉塔格组、卡拉塔尔组、乌拉根组和巴什布拉克组,上述地层中含有丰富的有孔虫、介形虫、钙质超微、沟鞭藻、孢粉、双壳类、腹足类等化石,以及少量菊石、腕足类、海胆和鲨鱼牙齿等化石。综合的生物地层和年代地层研究表明,克孜勒苏群的时代为早白垩世Barremian-Albian期,库克拜组—依格孜牙组的时代为晚白垩世Cenomanian-Maastrichtian期(Cenomanian/Turonian界线可能位于库克拜组三段),吐依洛克组的时代为白垩纪—古近纪过渡期;阿尔塔什组的时代为古新世早中期,齐姆根组为古新世晚期—始新世最早期,盖吉塔格组—乌拉根组的时代为中始新世中晚期,巴什布拉克组的时代为晚始新世,但不排除最上部进入渐新世早期。塔里木盆地的海侵开始于克孜勒苏群中上部沉积期(Albian晚期—Aptian早期),但规模很有限,大规模的海侵始于晚白垩世Cenomanian早期;从晚白垩世—古新世,共经历了5次大规模的海侵—海退事件;大约41 Ma前后,海水退出盆地南部的昆仑山山前,34Ma前后,海水退出盆地北部的天山山前。上述海侵—海退事件可能受构造和全球海平面变化的双重影响,但构造事件对海侵的启动和结束可能更具决定性的影响。阐述了塔里木盆地西部白垩纪—古近纪海相地层所记录的OAE2、K/Pg界线、PETM和特提斯海侵—海退等事件,其中笔者及团队第一次在塔里木盆地西部齐姆根组中所发现和报道的PETM事件,将有助于揭示全球近岸地区PETM的特征和生物环境响应。在未来的研究中,需要进一步厘清塔里木盆地西部地层序列,建立更加精细的生物地层和年代地层框架,加强对PETM和特提斯海侵—海退等重大地质事件的研究。 相似文献
8.
通过系统梳理与奥陶纪-志留纪、晚泥盆世弗拉期-法门期、二叠纪-三叠纪、三叠纪-侏罗纪、白垩纪-古近纪之交
的5次生物大灭绝期遗迹化石记录相关的生物和环境事件,发现遗迹化石对5次大灭绝事件为负响应,即在大灭绝事件之后
的残存期和复苏期期间,遗迹化石的多样性、丰度、潜穴直径、生物扰动强度、遗迹组构阶层都大为减小.遗迹化石反映的造迹
生物行为习性和觅食策略在5次生物大灭绝事件后也各有不同,食沉积物性觅食策略在晚奥陶世和晚白垩世大灭绝事件之
后占据主导,滤食性觅食策略在晚三叠世大灭绝事件之后占据主导,机会主义遗迹(如Planolites)、食沉积物性和滤食性等多
种觅食策略和行为习性在晚泥盆世F-F和晚二叠世两次大灭绝事件之后占据主导.晚泥盆世F-F和晚二叠世两次大灭绝事件
之后,遗迹化石记录了底栖生物系统由简单向复杂、由二维向三维生态空间拓展的变化趋势. 相似文献
9.
论扬子地区上奥陶统五峰组观音桥段的深海成因 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过对沉积速率与现代深海沉积速率的比较及古生态学、生物古地理学、海平面变化以及沉积特征综合的分析 ,认为观音桥段形成于深海环境中 ,且属深海等深流沉积。奥陶 -志留系之交广泛发生的高频火山事件可能是生物灭绝的主要和直接原因 ,而火山事件、铱和碳同位素异常事件与志留纪初期缺氧事件在奥陶 -志留系之交的耦合作用可能是 H irnantia- Dalmanitina动物群的灭绝的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
鲁东地区是我国研究晚白垩世和早古近世地层的经典地区,研究历史可追溯到20世纪20年代,积累了大量有关白垩纪和古近纪地层划分与对比的资料。主要介绍在胶州市西郊实施的鲁科一井所揭示的白垩-古近系界线地层的剖面资料。根据岩芯剖面的研究,该区白垩-古近系界线地层自下而上可分为红土崖组、史家屯组和胶州组。对红土崖组的含义重新作了厘定,该组是指介于下伏地层辛格庄组与上覆地层史家屯组之间的1套以产丰富恐龙化石为特征的洪积相、冲积相红色碎屑沉积,客观上包括了原来“金岗口组”的地层。史家屯组是重新恢复使用的一个岩石地层单位,由原先的红土崖组中的“史家屯玄武岩段”提升而来,该组位于王氏群顶部,为一套火山-沉积岩系,厚度可达970余m,与下伏地层红土崖组和上覆地层胶州组均为整合接触。胶州组以1套紫红色粉砂岩为主,夹灰绿色-黄绿色粉砂岩、泥灰岩及少量砂砾岩,与下伏地层王氏群史家屯组为整合接触,但与上覆地层的关系仍不清楚。此外还对鲁东地区晚白垩世地层的划分与对比、恐龙动物群的分布、地质事件、古气候和古环境等进行了探讨,提出白垩-古近纪之交时期,鲁东地区经历了这样一个过程：恐龙繁盛—恐龙消亡—火山喷发—地外撞击（?）—森林大火—白垩纪生物灭绝—古近纪生物群复苏。该过程表明：（1） 将鲁东地区白垩-古近系界线置于胶州组172—148层的这段地层中是合适的;（2） 白垩纪末期生物灭绝与地外撞击事件的关系可能比较密切,而非鸟型恐龙的消亡看来与地外撞击事件的关系不大;（3） 从世界范围来看,非鸟型恐龙均消亡于白垩纪末期撞击事件之前,目前还没有任何证据证明陆地上非鸟型恐龙的消亡与该事件直接相关;（4） 白垩纪晚期曾发生过一系列地质事件,这些事件导致当时的气候、生态、环境等逐渐恶化,生物逐渐失去它们原有的家园,数量和多样性逐步减少,一步一步走上不归之路。非鸟型恐龙也是一样,它们的消亡不是一个事件造成的,而是阶步式的,是多个事件的影响叠加造成的结果。 相似文献
11.
Embaie Ferrow Vivi Vajda Christian Bender Koch Pi Suhr Willumsen 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2011,75(2):657-672
An integrated study of palynology, Mössbauer spectroscopy, mineralogy and osmium isotopes has led to the detection of the first K-Pg boundary clay layer in a Southern Hemisphere terrestrial setting. The K-Pg boundary layer was independently identified at centimetre resolution by all the above mentioned methods at the marine K-Pg boundary site of mid-Waipara and the terrestrial site of Compressor Creek (Greymouth coal field), New Zealand. Mössbauer spectroscopy shows an anomaly of Fe-containing particles in both K-Pg boundary sections: jarosite at mid-Waipara and goethite at Compressor Creek. This anomaly coincides with a turnover in vegetation indicated by an interval dominated by fern spores and extinction of key pollen species in both sections. In addition to the terrestrial floristic changes, the mid-Waipara section reveals a turnover in the dinoflagellate assemblages and the appearance of global earliest Danian index species. Geochemical data reveal relatively small iridium enrichments in the boundary layers of 321 pg/g at mid-Waipara and 176 pg/g at Compressor Creek. Unradiogenic 187Os/188Os values of the boundary clay reveal the presence of a significant extraterrestrial component. We interpret the accumulation of Fe nano-phases at the boundary as originating from both the impactor and the crystalline basement target rock. The goethite and jarosite are interpreted as secondary phases formed by weathering and diagenesis. The primary phases were probably controlled by the initial composition of the vapor plume and condensation kinetics rather than condensation thermodynamics. This investigation indicates that identification of Fe in nano-phases by Mössbauer spectroscopy is an accurate and cost-effective method for identifying impact event horizons and it efficiently complements widely used biostratigraphic and geochemical methods. 相似文献
12.
Ostracode assemblages of the Poty quarry, Pernambuco-Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil, record an abrupt faunal change near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. Paleoecological and stable isotope analyses of ostracode carapaces were used to interpret the paleoenvironmental changes that took place from the Late Maastrichtian to the Early Danian. Ostracode distribution demonstrates substantial changes at and around the boundary with the last occurrences of most species and appearance of new ones. Stable isotope analyses carried out for four ostracode species distributed along the entire succession exhibit oscillations in the isotopic composition before the K-Pg boundary, thus suggesting that environmental changes may have begun slightly prior the boundary event itself. These changes may have triggered the extinctions that culminated at the K-Pg boundary, marked by positive δ18O and negative δ13C excursions. The K-Pg boundary is marked by cooling of bottom seawaters and a decrease in productivity, as well as the beginning of an extensive marine regression. 相似文献
13.
Although the European dinosaur succession during the latest Cretaceous and its relationship with the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction has been the focus of recent work, other continental vertebrates, such as crocodylomorphs, have received less attention. The European continental record of crocodylomorphs in general, and of eusuchians in particular, is relatively dense through the Maastrichtian until the K-Pg boundary. Traditionally it has been argued that continental crocodylomorphs were minimally impacted by the K-Pg extinction, but they were substantially affected in Europe with the disappearance of endemic eusuchians such as Hylaeochampsidae, Allodaposuchus and their close relatives, and non-eusuchians such as Doratodon or Theriosuchus. Despite extensive sampling in Danian continental deposits, only scarce fragmentary crocodylomorph remains have been cited. It is not until the late Paleocene and Eocene that a recovery in continental crocodylomorphs is observed. The presence of taxa such as planocraniids, the alligatoroids Diplocynodon and Hassiacosuchus, and stem crocodyloids during this period provide the first reliable continental records of Crocodylia in Europe and is best explained by post-extinction immigration from Asia or North America. By contrast, marine forms such as Thoracosaurus are found on both sides of the K-Pg boundary in Europe. The adaptation of these marine animals to different environments, from shallow seas to more transitional or fluvial environments, could be the key to their success and survival across the K-Pg boundary, as seen in other marine crocodylomorph clades such as Dyrosauridae. 相似文献
14.
Characterization of macroecological patterns for latest Cretaceous dinosaur communities is essential to understand how those faunas were changing during the run-up to the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, and thus the cause of the extinction. Outside of the well-studied latest Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America, southwestern Europe (France, Spain and Portugal) preserves one of the richest end-Cretaceous dinosaur fossil records, as it has produced hundreds of dinosaur fossil localities. We compiled a comprehensive database of all dinosaur fossil occurrences from the uppermost Cretaceous of the Ibero-Armorican region and analyze it statistically, providing the first numerical study of the ecological and taxonomic diversities of these communities. Our study corroborates previous work that has identified a major faunal change in the latest Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrate assemblages, and places this event around the C31r-C31n reversal, in the early late Maastrichtian (c. 69 Ma). Significant differences in ecological diversity metrics (dominance, Shannon and Simpson) characterize the pre- and post-turnover assemblages. The turnover event, therefore, did not only lead to a taxonomic replacement but also important reorganizations in the structure of dinosaur communities. Herbivorous dinosaurs suffered the most dramatic alterations across the turnover, in terms of relative dominances, by shifting their contributions within the communities (hadrosauroids replacing titanosaurids as the dominant taxon in the medium-to large-bodied herbivore niche) or even disappearing (rhabdodontids and nodosaurids). The carnivores apparently maintained similar relative abundances before and after the turnover, and the relative proportions between carnivorous and herbivorous taxa remained static through time. Further improvement of the present database might allow for the identification of new ecological patterns, and higher-resolution comparison with the North American records. 相似文献
15.
The latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate faunas of the wider Transylvanian area figured prominently in discussions concerning the Cretaceous–Paleogene Boundary (K-Pg) events when they were first described by Nopcsa between 1897 and 1929, because they were assumed to be late Maastrichtian in age. Subsequently their age was reconsidered as early Maastrichtian, and were thus regarded of lesser importance in understanding the K-Pg boundary events in Europe and worldwide. Moreover, Transylvanian continental vertebrate assemblages (the so-called ‘Haţeg Island’ faunas) were often lumped together as a temporally restricted assemblage with a homogenous taxonomic composition. Recent fossil discoveries and more precise dating techniques have considerably expanded knowledge of the Transylvanian vertebrate assemblages, their ages, and their evolution. A synthesis of the available stratigraphic data allows development of the first comprehensive chronostratigraphic framework of the latest Cretaceous Transylvanian vertebrates. According to these new data, expansion of continental habitats and emergence of their vertebrate faunas started locally during the latter part of the late Campanian, and these faunas continued up to the second half of the Maastrichtian. During this time, long-term faunal stasis appears to have characterized the Transylvanian vertebrate assemblages, which is different from the striking turnovers recorded in western Europe during the same time interval. This suggests that there was no single ‘Europe-wide’ pattern of latest Cretaceous continental vertebrate evolution. Together, the available data shows that dinosaurs and other vertebrates were relatively abundant and diverse until at least ca. 1 million years before the K-Pg boundary, and is therefore consistent with the hypothesis of a sudden extinction, although this must be tested with future discoveries and better age constraints and correlations. 相似文献
16.
A continuous record of insect (Chironomidae) remains preserved in lake sediments is used to infer temperature changes at a small lake in Arctic Canada through the Holocene. Early Holocene summers at the study site were characterized by more thermophilous assemblages and warmer inferred temperatures than today, presumably in response to the positive anomaly in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Peak early Holocene warmth was interrupted by two cold reversals between 9.5 and 8 cal ka BP, during which multiple cold-stenothermous chironomid taxa appeared in the lake. The earlier reversal appears to correlate with widespread climate anomalies around 9.2 cal ka BP; the age of the younger reversal is equivocal but it may correlate with the 8.2 cal ka BP cold event documented elsewhere. Widespread, abrupt climate shifts in the early Holocene illustrate the susceptibility of the climate system to perturbations, even during periods of enhanced warmth in the Northern Hemisphere. 相似文献
17.
G. C. Young 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(7):991-1008
A diverse fossil vertebrate record in the Devonian of coastal southeastern Australia includes at least 30 genera and species representing all three major groups of extant jawed vertebrates (bony and cartilaginous fishes, and tetrapods), and both extinct groups (placoderm and acanthodian fishes). A bone recorded by W. B. Clarke in 1860 from Twofold Bay is the first published record of a Devonian vertebrate from the Southern Hemisphere. Abundant plant remains at some localities include large impressions of arborescent lycopsids, indicating one of the earliest forest environments for the Gondwana supercontinent. An early terrestrial invertebrate fauna is evidenced by fossil millipede remains. A review of the evidence for age control using paleontology and isotopic dating suggests that the lower part of the Devonian sequence (Bunga beds, Boyd Volcanic Complex) may be somewhat older (Emsian – Eifelian) than recently proposed; the tetrapod trackways at Genoa River in Victoria (lower part of the Combyingbar Formation) may correlate with the lowermost Twofold Bay Formation of the Merrimbula Group, which is overlain by the marine Bellbird Creek Formation, a manifestation of the global late Frasnian marine transgression and extinction event. Abundant placoderm remains at all higher fossil fish horizons in the overlying Worange Point Formation indicate a latest Devonian rather than Carboniferous age for the upper Merrimbula Group. 相似文献
18.
The Lechówka section comprises the most complete Cretaceous–Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary succession in Poland and is among 29 sites worldwide with the youngest ammonite record. Here, cephalopods (ammonites and nautilids), organic-walled dinoflagellates (dinocysts) and foraminifera from the uppermost Maastrichtian interval are studied. In terms of ammonite biostratigraphy, the upper Maastrichtian Hoploscaphites constrictus crassus Zone is documented up to a level 120 cm below the K-Pg boundary. There is no direct, ammonite-based evidence of the highest Maastrichtian H. constrictus johnjagti Zone. However, the predominance of the dinocyst marker taxon Palynodinium grallator suggests the presence of the equivalent of the uppermost Maastrichtian Thalassiphora pelagica Subzone, which is correlatable with the H. c. johnjagti ammonite Zone. The planktonic foraminiferal assemblage is coeval with that from the H. c. johnjagti Zone as well. These data indicate that the top of the Maastrichtian at Lechówka is complete within the limits of biostratigraphic resolution, albeit slightly condensed. The dinocyst and foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by taxa that are characteristic of high-energy, marginal marine environments. A reduction in test size among the calcareous epifaunal benthic foraminifera is observed at a level 50 cm below the K-Pg boundary, which is possibly related to environmental stress associated with Deccan volcanism. 相似文献
19.
Our understanding of latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleogene mammalian evolution is based almost entirely on the dental fossil record. Mammalian postcranial fossils are rare and mostly found as isolated elements in latest Cretaceous and earliest Paleogene vertebrate microfossil assemblages of North America. Although placing these fossils in a tooth-based taxonomic framework is difficult, they can provide insight into locomotor diversity and habitat preference to complement diet reconstructions and diversity estimates from dental fossils. Here, we describe 64 femora of mammals recovered from latest Cretaceous (Lancian) and earliest Paleogene (Puercan) localities in eastern Montana. We sorted these based on morphology and size (morphotypes). In some cases, morphotypes were tentatively assigned to dentally based taxa that are known from these strata.Although our resulting femoral dataset is small relative to the study area's dental dataset, we show several key findings. First, there is a greater morphological diversity of multituberculate femora than previously recognized, especially in the latest Cretaceous sample. In contrast, metatherians, which have a high relative abundance in Lancian Hell Creek Formation dental assemblages, are absent from our postcranial samples; eutherian femora are only present in the Puercan assemblages. Second, we record a minor decrease in morphotype richness across the K–Pg boundary that is associated with an increase in mean specimen size, due to the appearance of a few significantly larger-bodied, immigrant taxa. Among the eutherians, there are two specimens of larger-bodied early Puercan archaic ungulates, a very large specimen of a middle/late Puercan taeniodont, pantodont, or triisodontid, as well as a specimen possibly attributed to a “plesiadapiform” archaic primate. Third, preliminary functional morphologic analyses of the more complete specimens suggest that locomotor diversity increased from mainly arboreal or terrestrial/saltatorial multituberculates in the latest Cretaceous to include a fossorial multituberculate and potentially an arboreal eutherian in the early Paleocene. These patterns parallel those previously reported from a dental dataset and indicate that postcranial data are valuable as an independent means to test hypotheses of taxonomic and ecomorphological diversity across the K–Pg boundary. 相似文献