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1.
Monazite [(LREE)PO 4], a common accessory mineral in magmatic and metamorphic rocks, is complementary to zircon in U–Th–Pb geochronology. Because the mineral can record successive growth phases it is useful for unravelling complex geological histories. A high spatial resolution is required to identify contrasted age domains that may occur at the crystal-scale. Bulk mineral techniques such as ID-TIMS, applied to single monazite grains recording multiple overgrowths or isotope resetting can result in partly scattered discordant analytical points that produce inaccurate intercept ages. Laser ablation (LA)-ICPMS has been demonstrated to be a useful technique for U–Th–Pb dating of zircons, and this study tests its analytical capabilities for dating monazite. A sector field high resolution ICPMS coupled with a 193 nm ArF excimer laser ablation microprobe is capable of achieving a high spatial resolution and producing stable and reliable isotope measurements. The U–Th–Pb systematic was applied to monazite grains from several samples: a lower Palaeozoic lens from high-grade terrains in Southern Madagascar, Neogene hydrothermal crystals from the Western Alps, a Palaeoproterozoic very high temperature granulite from central Madagascar and a Variscan leucogranite from Spain, directly on a polished thin section. The major aim was to compare and/or reproduce TIMS and EMP ages of monazite from a variety of settings and ages. The three independent 206Pb/238U, 207Pb/235U and 208Pb/232Th ratios and ages were calculated. Isotope fractionation effects (mass bias, laser induced fractionation) were corrected using a chemically homogeneous and U–Pb concordant monazite as external standard. This study demonstrates that excimer laser ablation (ELA)-ICPMS allows U–Th–Pb dating of monazite with a high level of repeatability, accuracy and precision as well as rapidity of analysis. A spatial resolution almost comparable to that of EMP in terms of crater width (5 μm) produced precise 208Pb/232Th, 206Pb/238U and 207Pb/235U ratios for dating Palaeozoic to Precambrian monazites. The advantages of (ELA)-ICPMS isotope dating are precision, accuracy and the ability to detect discordance. In the case of late Miocene hydrothermal monazites from the Alps, a larger spot size of 25 μm diameter is required, and precise and accurate ages were obtained only for 208Pb/232Th systematics. Results from the Variscan granite show that in situ U–Th–Pb dating of monazites with (ELA)-ICPMS is possible using a 5 μm spot directly on thin sections, so that age data can be placed in a textural context. 相似文献
2.
During the last few years, a remarkable anomaly between 238U and 234U activities has been observed in the top layers of the coastal sediments along the western region of the Indian sub-continent. Sediment samples from Bombay (19°N, 73°E) to Kottilppad (8°N, 77°E) were leached with saturated ammonium carbonate solution to extract uranium isotopes from the surface layers of the sediment particles without attacking the mineral cores. The 234U/ 238U activity ratios in these leachates are in the range of 1.12–1.14 while 235U/ 238U activity ratio is 0.046 which is the same as for other natural uranium. The surface organic matter from the sediment particles was removed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in presence of 0.05 M hydrochloric acid. 234U/238U and 235u/238U activity ratios in the extract and the residues were determined. It is observed that disequilibrium between 238U and 234U exists only on the surface of sediment particles. 234U/238U on the surface of the sediment particles is the same as in the ambient water and as the surface organic matter is removed from the particle surface, the cores show equilibrium activities. 相似文献
3.
Clinopyroxene/melt pairs in strongly potassic silicate and carbonatite melts exhibit unusually high U/Th partitioning ratios of ˜ 3 and ˜ 2, respectively. These values are much higher than those found for aluminous clinopyroxenes in peridotite, and have the potential to cause significant ( 230Th)/( 238U) isotope enrichment in volcanics. The potassic silicate (lamproite) and carbonatite melts correspond closely to the main agents of mantle metasomatism, indicating that clinopyroxene in metasomatized regions of the mantle may greatly affect U/Th disequilibria. Recycling of alkali pyroxenite veins in the oceanic lithosphere formed by solidification of melt in the extremities of the MORB melting region presents an alternative to eclogite recycling in MORB and OIB genesis. 相似文献
4.
We have investigated the banded coral Montastrea annularis as a recorder of the history of fallout Pu in surface seawater. Thirty annual growth bands, representing growth during ‘coral years’ 1951–1980, were subsampled from M. annularis collected at St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. ‘Coral years’ begin and end in late summer-early autumn and are designated for the calendar year in which they end. 239,240Pu was finite in coral years 1954–1980, and the coral Pu record is very simply related to the fallout history of 90Sr. Peaks in coral Pu in coral years 1959 and 1964 correspond to fallout peaks in 1959 and 1963, respectively. Peak broadening and time lags in the coral Pu record, as compared to the 90Sr fallout record are consistent with retention of fallout Pu in surface seawater for about two years (characteristic removal time) during the period of major fallout, and possibly longer thereafter. The simplicity of the coral Pu record and its close correspondence with fallout history suggest that 239,240Pu was incorporated into the coral skeleton with constant discrimination relative to Ca; the effects of speciation and oxidation state upon Pu incorporation are presently unknown. To aid the Pu interpretation Ca, Mg, Sr, Na and natural radionuclides (238U, 228Ra, 232Th and 210Pb) were also determined in the annual bands. In small samples (0.5 g) Ca, Mg and Na show correlated variations which could be due to seasonal variability in uptake. The 238U and 228Ra records were generally consistent with uptake, at constant discrimination, from surface-water reservoirs of nearly constant concentration, although one sample showed probable diagenetic addition of U. 232Th was not detected with certainty; this implies that terrigenous particles were not consistently entrapped within the coral skeleton. Interpretation of 210Pb was difficult because 226Ra was not measured. Montastrea annularis preserves a record of fallout Pu. To make this record useful it must be considered in the broadest possible geochemical context. 相似文献
5.
A 230Th- 234U- 238U dating study on pedogenic silica-carbonate clast rinds and matrix laminae from alluvium in Crater Flat, Nevada was conducted using small-sample thermal-ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) analyses on a large suite of samples. Though the 232Th content of these soils is not particularly low (mostly 0.1-9 ppm), the high U content of the silica component (mostly 4-26 ppm) makes them particularly suitable for 230Th/U dating on single, 10 to 200 mg totally-digested samples using TIMS. We observed that (1) both micro- (within-rind) and macro-stratigraphic (mappable deposit) order of the 230Th/U ages were preserved in all cases; (2) back-calculated initial 234U/ 238U fall in a restricted range (typically 1.67±0.19), so that 234U/ 238U ages with errors of about 100 kyr (2σ) could be reliably determined for the oldest, 400 to 1000 ka rinds; and (3) though 13 of the samples were >350 ka, only three showed evidence for an open-system history, even though the sensitivity of such old samples to isotopic disruption is very high. An attempt to use leach-residue techniques to separate pedogenic from detrital U and Th failed, yielding corrupt 230Th/U ages. We conclude that 230Th/U ages determined from totally dissolved, multiple sub-mm size subsamples provide more reliable estimates of soil chronology than methods employing larger samples, chemical enhancement of 238U/ 232Th, or isochrons. 相似文献
6.
根据三江盆地绥滨断陷滨参1井基底花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果,探讨了盆地基底的性质。滨参1井基底花岗岩中的锆石呈自形-半自形晶,并具有典型的岩浆生长环带;锆石的Th/U值为0.22~0.82,表明其岩浆成因。花岗岩中锆石22个测点的 206Pb/ 238U年龄值为427~502 Ma,其加权平均年龄分为2组,分别为（430±8） Ma和（496±6） Ma。（430±8） Ma的年龄代表了三江盆地绥滨断陷基底花岗岩的形成时代为早志留世晚期;而（496±6） Ma可能是花岗岩浆形成或侵位过程中的捕获锆石年龄,并且它与佳木斯地块麻山群和泛非期片麻状花岗岩的形成时间一致。上述结果表明：三江盆地绥滨断陷基底中存在加里东期花岗岩,三江盆地西部基底与佳木斯地块的属性相同。 相似文献
7.
This paper presents new zircon U–Pb data and interpretations for the gneissic rocks in the Yunkai massif in order to constrain the timing and evolution of the Caledonian tectonothermal event in the South China Block (SCB). Magmatic and inherited zircons from the orthogneiss in the region, previously thought to be of Precambrian origin, yielded 206Pb/ 238U apparent ages of 421–441 Ma and 513–1343 Ma, respectively. Also a weighted mean 206Pb/ 238U age of 236.0 ± 3.1 Ma was obtained, interpreted as the metamorphic resetting age during the Indosinian tectonic event. Our analyses show that the paragneiss in the region, previously regarded as Proterozoic sedimentary rocks, contains detrital zircons of the Archaean to Paleozoic origin, of which the youngest zircons yielded the U–Pb age of 423 Ma. These data indicate that (1) the Proterozoic and Archaean components may exist beneath the Yunkai massif; (2) most of the metaigneous rocks are actually the Caledonian anatectic granites possibly overprinted by Indosinian ( 236 Ma) reactivation; (3) some paragneiss might have originally deposited during the Devonian time; and (4) a subsequently rapid uplifting took place after the emplacement of the Caledonian granites, revealed by the observation that the Devonian clastic strata uncomfortably overlie the Caledonian granites. In combination with other geochronological data and geological observations throughout the SCB, we propose that the Caledonian tectonothermal event around Silurian ( 450–400 Ma) might be a result from an intracontinental collision between the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks in response to the subduction/collision between the North China block and SCB. 相似文献
8.
利用ARD型γ能谱仪对辽宁省大连市区地表天然放射性核素 238U、 232Th、 40K含量进行了现场测量.调查结果显示,大连市区 238U、 232Th、 40K比活度平均值分别为23.09 Bq/kg（范围值1.24~151.91 Bq/kg）、18.99 Bq/kg（范围值0.41~92.57 Bq/kg）、386.39 Bq/kg（范围值31.30~1095.50 Bq/kg）,均显著低于全国和世界的平均值.在测得的 238U、 232Th、 40K含量基础上,计算了距地面1 m高处空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率、外照射指数、内照射指数和年有效剂量等参数,并据此对大连市区天然放射性水平进行了评价.空气中γ辐射吸收剂量率（ Dr）平均值为39.04 nGy/h,远低于全国（81.5 nGy/h）和世界（80 nGy/h）平均水平.外照射指数、内照射指数平均值分别为0.23、0.12,均远小于国家对建筑材料外照射指数的限值1.年有效剂量为0.048 mSv,远低于世界年平均有效剂量（0.46 mSv）以及公众外照射年有效剂量（1.0 mSv）的限值.评价结果表明,大连市区地表天然放射性辐射处于安全的水平. 相似文献
9.
运用阴极发光技术,对湖南白马山龙潭超单元2个样品和瓦屋塘花岗岩1个样品的锆石进行了内部结构分析,在此基础上利用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年方法进行了同位素年代学测定。其中,白马山龙潭超单元2个黑云母二长花岗岩样品分别给出了(215.9±1.9) Ma和(212.2±2.1) Ma的主体谐和年龄。同时还测得了一组较年轻的谐和年龄((201.0±2.8) Ma)和一组较老的锆石核部年龄(230.3~227.0 Ma),表明研究区印支晚期存在多期花岗质岩浆的侵入活动。瓦屋塘岩体黑云母二长花岗岩1个样品给出了(217.7±1.8) Ma的谐和年龄。这2个岩体的形成进一步佐证了华南大陆印支晚期岩浆活动于210~225 Ma,达到岩浆活动的峰期。地球化学测试结果显示,白马山和瓦屋塘岩体均为弱过铝-强过铝质花岗岩,具壳源型花岗岩的特征,形成于后碰撞期或碰撞晚期的构造环境,源于早元古代变质杂砂岩的部分熔融。结合区域大地构造背景认为,这2个岩体形成于秦岭-大别和松马2条印支期缝合带碰撞结束后的印支晚期伸展构造背景下,为热-应力松弛阶段,板内挤压加厚的地壳减压熔融作用的产物。 相似文献
10.
Activity ratios of 234U/ 238U, 230Th/ 234U, and 230Th/ 232Th have been determined for calcite, gypsum and halite speleothems from caves of the Nullarbor Plain, mostly in the area N and NW of Mundrabilla Station, for the purpose of U-series dating. All calcite speleothems contain adequate amounts of uranium for dating, but some show an excess of 230Th. Stratigraphic relationships indicate that there were at least three phases of calcium carbonate deposition in the Nullarbor caves. The calcite samples, with one possible exception, have ages in excess of ca. 400000 yrs BP. This suggests that no significant amounts of calcium carbonate deposition have taken place during the last 400ka. At present, active deposition of speleothems is restricted almost entirely to gypsum and halite. The only gypsum speleothem dated was found to have a finite age of ca. 185 ka. Six dates on a small halite speleothem containing insect and arachnid remains indicate that it formed rapidly during Holocene time. 相似文献
11.
在大同口泉沟南寒武-奥陶系碳酸盐岩地下水资源勘探研究中,应用了铀放射系不平衡方法.由地下水中234U与238U放射性活度比的不平衡对相邻泉域作出区别,划分出岩溶地下水的3种类型,相应于强、中、弱径流条件和不同的含水层环境.利用234U盈亏指标识别了本区各岩溶地下水子系统、相互关系、补给源和混合比及其与侧向补给和侧向排泄的关系.地下水中铀含量和活度比有较大变幅,神头泉有罕见的小于久期平衡的铀放射性活度比. 相似文献
12.
In the study of surface processes, it is generally assumed that erosion occurs equally throughout the soil profile so that chemical depletion of the topsoil can represent the intensity of chemical weathering and the duration of surface exposure to cosmogenic radiation can reflects the soil residence time, and then the rate of erosion can be calculated. In comparison with fresh bedrock, the depletion of soluble elements in soil mainly comes from fine-grained secondary clay components, while the depletion degree of detrital minerals is weak. The preferential erosion of fine-grained secondary clay will lead to the underestimation of weathering intensity, and the retention time of detrital mineral will be longer than the total retention time of soil， and thus the soil erosion rate will be underestimated. Based on the uranium isotope comminution ages of soil in the Lesotho Highlands, we found that erosion operates differentially between the detrital and authigenic components of the soil. Uranium isotope comminution ages show a soil residence time of (543±32) ka for the detrital particles. In contrast, soil residence time of the authigenic phases is constrained to be (22±11) ka according to the accumulation of recoiled 234U from the absorbed 238U to river water. The residence time of secondary clay matches with the regional erosion rate 24-33 t/(km 2·a) calculated from weathering flux, indicating that secondary clay is the main component of soil erosion. The results indicate that the decoupled erosion of different components in soil may be common. This finding implies that the intensity of weathering based on bulk soil erosion and the rate of soil erosion determined by exposure dating of coarse soil grains may be invalidated due to the preferential erosion of authigenic particles. As a result, a lower estimate of weathering flux may be made, and therefore the role of chemical weathering in the global carbon cycle could be underestimated. 相似文献
13.
末次冰期Heinrich Stadial 4气候突变事件(HS4事件)是发生于约40 ka B.P.(B.P.表示Before Present, Present为公元1950年)最为显著的一次海因里希冰阶事件,对其转型特征和精细结构的刻画有助于深入理解千年尺度气候突变事件的机制。本研究基于贵州黔西县水西洞SXG-3石笋的11个高精度 230Th年龄和277个δ 18O数据,重建了40.77～37.17 ka B.P.时段平均分辨率为13 a的亚洲夏季风强度演变序列。该石笋氧同位素记录清晰地捕捉到了HS4弱季风事件,呈现出三阶段变化的特征,即：第1阶段(39.97～39.13 ka B.P.),石笋δ 18O在840±90 a内偏正1.32‰,夏季风缓慢减弱,对应于热带辐合带(Intertropical Convergence Zone,简称ITCZ)的南移和格陵兰气候快速变冷;第2阶段(39.13～38.35 ka B.P.),石笋δ 18O整体偏正,平均为-8.34‰,夏季风强度达到最弱,而南美季风达到最... 相似文献
14.
根据中国大陆东部十八个洞穴区域、五十余个洞穴沉积物的~(230)Th/~(234)U年代及部分试样的碳、氧同位素测定,讨论了35万年以来洞穴沉积古环境。年龄测定表明,其沉积期集中在1)2.0万年以来;2)7.5—12.0万年;3)17.0—23.0万年;4)25.0—31.0万年等,他们代表着四个温暖湿润的间冰期,并可与海洋古气候记录的温暖高水位期对比。 相似文献
15.
Twenty-one 2–4 mm rock samples from the Apollo 12 regolith were analyzed by the 40Ar/ 39Ar geochronological technique in order to further constrain the age and source of nonmare materials at the Apollo 12 site. Among the samples analyzed are: 2 felsites, 11 KREEP breccias, 4 mare-basalt-bearing KREEP breccias, 2 alkali anorthosites, 1 olivine-bearing impact-melt breccia, and 1 high-Th mare basalt. Most samples show some degree of degassing at 700–800 Ma, with minimum formation ages that range from 1.0 to 3.1 Ga. We estimate that this degassing event occurred at 782 ± 21 Ma and may have been caused by the Copernicus impact event, either by providing degassed material or by causing heating at the Apollo 12 site. 40Ar/ 39Ar dating of two alkali anorthosite clasts yielded ages of 3.256 ± 0.022 Ga and 3.107 ± 0.058 Ga. We interpret these ages as the crystallization age of the rock and they represent the youngest age so far determined for a lunar anorthosite. The origin of these alkali anorthosite fragments is probably related to differentiation of shallow intrusives. Later impacts could have dispersed this material by lateral mixing or vertical mixing. 相似文献
16.
Barite occurrences related to the Cenozoic (Late Alpine) low-temperature hydrothermal activity are present in the continental Ohře (Eger) Rift area. A specific, Ra-bearing type of barite has been known under the name “radiobarite” from this area since 1904. Revision of 12 localities revealed the presence of alleged radiobarite only in the Teplice (Lahošť–Jeníkov) and Karlovy Vary areas. Barite from other localities is radium-poor. Barite crystals showing concentric oscillation colour zoning totally prevail. Isomorphous substitution of Sr ( X×10 −1 to X×wt%), Ca ( X×10 −2 wt%) and Fe ( X×10 −1 wt%) for Ba was proved. Average SrO contents of 0.4 wt% are markedly exceeded in some samples from Lahošť–Jeníkov (max. 3.2 wt%) and Karlovy Vary (max. 4.9 wt%). Besides inclusions of stoichiometric iron disulphide, the same samples also contain iron disulphides with unusual high contents of Co (max. 12.2 wt%) and Ni (max. to 8.4 wt%). Specific activity of 238U in the studied barites is very low while that of 226Ra reaches 8 Bq/g in several samples. Therefore, 226Ra is not in equilibrium with its parent uranium. These “radiobarites” or their parts must be therefore relatively young, not older than 10–15 ka. Very low uranium contents (<0.4 ppm) were also confirmed by neutron activation analyses of barite samples. Unit-cell dimensions refined from X-ray powder diffraction data do not show any systematic variation with the measured chemical composition. Their values agree with the data given in the literature. Reflection half-widths, however, seem to correlate with chemistry. Peaks are wider in samples from Lahošť–Jeníkov and Karlovy Vary. Sulphur and oxygen stable isotope compositions of the Cenozoic barite mineralization of Teplice area are very uniform (δ34S values between 3.9‰ and 7.1‰ CDT, and δ18O values between 6.1‰ and 7.7‰ SMOW), while the barites of Děc˘ín area show more variable sulphur sources. Sulphate derived from sediments of the Tertiary Most Basin seems to dominate for the Teplice area, while Cretaceous sediments are a more probable sulphur source in the Děc˘ín area. Calculation of oxygen isotope composition of hydrothermal fluids based on fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures and barite δ18O data shows δ18Ofluid values in the range of meteoric waters or δ18O – shifted deep circulating meteoric or basinal waters. 相似文献
17.
利用AMS 14C测年,通过对哈萨克斯坦南部Tramplin黄土-古土壤沉积剖面的孢粉分析,揭示了中亚干旱区深海氧同位素(MIS)3a阶段植被和气候演化历史：41.4 ka B.P.以前,植被为蒿属植物占优势的荒漠草原,气候干旱; 41.4～40 ka B.P.,植被为蒿草草原,气候湿润程度增加;40～36 ka B.P.,植被为蒿属植物占优势的荒漠草原,气候湿润程度轻微下降;36～33 ka B.P.,植被为蒿草草原,气候湿润程度增加;33～30 ka B.P.,植被为蒿属植物占优势的荒漠草原,湿润程度轻微下降;30～28 ka B.P.,植被为蒿草草原,气候湿润程度轻微上升。 相似文献
18.
湖南省龙山县莲花洞两根大型石笋LLl(文石-方解石型)和LL5(文石型)ICP-MS230Th结果表明,82个年龄数据并不完全符合石笋生长层序律.根据U/Th同位素比值、沉积和矿物学特征,分析了同位素体系开放度对建立石笋正确年代学模式的影响.莲花洞LLl石笋全新世以来234U/238U对230Th/238U的比值具有谐和性特征并且230Th年龄层序正常,说明文石矿物基本接近U/Th同位素封闭系统,实测年龄基本可靠.10～40 ka期间234U/238U与230Th/238U离散度较大和矿物具有溶蚀、风化现象,表明体系发生U加入/流失作用.LL5石笋60～80 ka期间封闭性较好,实测年龄可信.上述结果表明,同一洞穴中文石石笋U/Th同位素体系开放度与时间的关系并不是线性关系,沉积时水文和物理化学性质以及随后的保存状况是决定洞穴文石石笋同位素封闭性的关键因素. 相似文献
19.
河北坝上地区位于东亚季风气候边缘区,对气候变化响应敏感。丰宁黄土剖面为研究该区域长时间尺度的环境演化提供了理想材料。通过丰宁黄土剖面地球化学元素和磁化率分析,结合光释光测年结果,恢复了该地区230,ka BP以来的环境演化历史; 通过野外观察,识别出了S 1古土壤之下发育的风化淋滤黄土层,探讨了S 1古土壤发育时期的风化淋滤特征及其所揭示的气候变化问题。结果表明: (1)230,ka BP以来的磁化率记录可与深海氧同位素3—8阶段进行细节上的对比,表明丰宁黄土堆积区对全球气候变化有着积极的响应;(2)S 1古土壤发育时期,由于受到强降水的影响,土壤中元素受到强烈淋溶从而向下迁移到L 2黄土中,造成L 2上部地球化学记录与磁化率的差异;(3)从S 1古土壤顶部到钙结核层之间土壤属于酸性淋溶土,可能相当于现今中国北亚热带的黄棕壤,其剖面由土壤层、风化淋滤黄土层和CaCO 3淀积层构成;(4)S 1古土壤发育时期的温度和降水量与现今江苏泗洪和六合地区相当,表明当时研究区为亚热带气候。 相似文献
20.
北美五大湖区的安大略湖北岸Don Valley Brickyard、Scarborough Bluffs、Bowmanville Bluffs剖面共同构成了北美东北部最长也是最厚的陆地第四纪沉积记录, 较完整地记录了晚更新世劳伦泰德冰盖(the Laurentide Ice Sheet)的演化. 晚更新世劳伦泰德冰盖演化的重建有赖于这些经典剖面中重要沉积地层单元的准确年代学控制. 传统的地层年代学主要是依靠少量 14C年代, 将主要的混杂堆积单元(diamicton)解释为气候变冷环境下的冰川扩张, 并与指示全球冰量变化的深海氧同位素曲线一一比对建立起来的. 这样建立起来的年代学存在很大的不确定性. 20世纪80-90年代的少量热释光年代也不相吻合, 最近的13个长石红外释光定年则只集中于Bowmanville Bluffs的一个分层, 并未建立整个剖面的地层年代学, 使这些经典沉积剖面的年代学一直没有得到系统的建立. 应用石英光释光SAR-SGC法测试了Bowmanville Bluffs剖面Glaciofluvial Sand单元的2个冰水沉积样品, 年代结果分别为(41.6±3.8) ka、(48.1±4.4) ka, 分析表明这一年代结果偏老, 石英颗粒可能晒褪不完全. 由于大测片无法识别晒褪不完全的颗粒, 因此, 测试更多的剖面序列的光释光年代并尝试采用粗颗粒小测片或单颗粒技术解决样品颗粒晒褪不完全的问题将是必要的. 相似文献
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