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1.
The rodingites of the Karabash Massif are distinguished by the presence of native cupriferous gold. This zonal hydrothermal-metasomatic complex was formed in three stages. The inner zone of rodingite proper is made up of chlorite-andradite-diopside rocks of stage 1, which are cut by diopside veinlets of stage 2 and calcite veinlets of stage 3. The intermediate zone consists of chloritolites, which give way to the antigorite and chrysotile-lizardite serpentinites of the outer zone. Thermometric and cryometric studies and gas chromatography showed that the gold-bearing rodingites of stages 1 and 2 were formed at t = 420–470°C, P = 2–3 kbar, and \(X_{CO_2 } \) = 0.001–0.02, i.e., under conditions typical of rodingite formation. The final stage was accompanied by a decrease in P-T parameters (0.5–1.0 kbar and 230–310°C) and an increase in \(X_{CO_2 } \) up to 0.04. The rodingite-forming fluid was extremely rich in water (\(X_{H_2 O} \) = 0.942–0.981) and contained hydrogen as the major gas component (\(X_{H_2 } \) = 0.012–0.023); its composition was essentially chloride-magnesium with minor amounts of CaCl2 and FeCl2 and a low salinity of 2.6–8.0 wt % NaCl equiv. The rodingite minerals showed the following isotopic characteristics (‰): δ18O from 5.5 to 6.6 and δD from 42.8 to ?44.3 for chlorite, δ180 from 2.0 to 3.8 for andradite, δ18O from 6.0 to 6.6 for diopside, and δ18O from 10.6 to 11.4 and δ13C from 0.1 to ?1.8 for calcite. The chloritolite is characterized by δ18O from 5.9 to 6.6 and δD from ?49.8 to ?64.4; the antigorite serpentinite shows δ18O=6.5 and δD=?65.2; and the antigoritized chrysotile-lizardite serpentinite shows δ18O from 6.8 to 6.9 and δD from ?127 to ?128. The calculated isotopic composition of fluid in equilibrium with various rocks suggested its metamorphic origin. It was formed from the water released during dehydration of oceanic serpentinites, from the components of ultrabasic and basic magmatic rocks, and, at the final stage, from marine carbon.  相似文献   

2.
The Na Son deposit is a small‐scale Pb–ZnPb–Zn–Ag deposit in northeast Vietnam and consists of biotite–chlorite schist, reddish altered rocks, quartz veins and syenite. The biotite–chlorite schist is intruded by syenite. Reddish altered rocks occur as an alteration halo between the biotite–allanite‐bearing quartz veins and the biotite–chlorite schist. Allanite occurs in the biotite–allanite‐bearing quartz veins and in the proximal reddish altered rocks. Rare earth element (REE) fluorocarbonate minerals occur along fractures or at rim of allanite crystals. The later horizontal aggregates of sulfide veins and veinlets cut the earlier reddish altered rocks. The earlier Pb–Zn veins consist of a large amount of galena and lesser amounts of sphalerite, pyrite and molybdenite. The later Cu veins cutting the Pb–Zn veins include chalcopyrite and lesser amounts of tetrahedrite and pyrite. The occurrences of two‐phase H2O–CO2 fluid inclusions in quartz from biotite–allanite‐bearing quartz veins and REE‐bearing fluorocarbonate minerals in allanite suggest the presence of CO2 and F in the hydrothermal fluid. The oxygen isotopic ratios of the reddish altered rocks, biotite–chlorite schist, and syenite range from +13.9 to +14.9 ‰, +11.5 to +13.3 ‰, and +10.1 to +11.6 ‰, respectively. Assuming an isotopic equilibrium between quartz (+14.6 to +15.8 ‰) and biotite (+8.6 ‰) in the biotite–allanite‐bearing quartz vein, formation temperature was estimated to be 400°C. At 400°C, δ18O values of the hydrothermal fluid in equilibrium with quartz and biotite range from +10.5 to +11.7 ‰. These δ18O values are consistent with fluid that is derived from metamorphism. Assuming an isotopic equilibrium between galena (+1.5 to +1.7 ‰) and chalcopyrite (+3.4 ‰), the formation temperature was estimated to be approximately 300°C. The formation temperature of the Na Son deposit decreased with the progress of mineralization. Based on the geological data, occurrence of REE‐bearing minerals and oxygen isotopic ratios, the REE mineralization is thought to result from interaction between biotite–chlorite schist and REE‐, CO2‐ and F‐bearing metamorphic fluid at 400°C under a rock‐dominant condition.  相似文献   

3.
We discuss the nature of the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid in the Noya gold-bearing calcite-quartz-adularia veins of central Kyushu, Japan on the basis of oxygen, carbon, and strontium isotope ratios, and aqueous speciation calculations for the present-day geothermal fluid. The isotopic values of the Noya ore-forming fluid were estimated to be −6.5‰ for δ13C and −7.5‰ for δ18O. The oxygen isotopic equilibrium temperatures for vein calcite are more than 180°C at the bottom of the Noya mineralization zone, and decrease with increasing elevation. As the temperature decreased, the dominant carbon species in the fluid changed from H2CO3 to HCO3- at about 120°C. The equilibrium temperatures for vein quartz are consistent with the calcite calculations. The carbon and oxygen isotope trends of the Noya vein calcite and the isotope ratios of strontium suggest that the fluids that precipitated the Noya veins were controlled by an andesite-dominated geology. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the white-colored veins from wells 51-WT-1 and 51-WT-2 displayed a light REE-rich pattern with positive Eu anomalies, suggesting the existence of a reducing environment for the fluid. The pyrite-rich gray-colored veins and a silicified rock from well 51-WT-2 showed higher REE concentrations than did the white veins. Altered host andesitic rocks have similar REE patterns to that of the silicified rock, and have higher REE contents than the others in the drill cores. Aqueous speciation calculations showed that the fluid in the hydrothermal reservoir is currently in muscovite stability. The fluid at the ore-mineralization stage may have contained more potassium or have had a higher pH, so that adularia precipitated with calcite and quartz, as well as gold. Fluid boiling at depth in the system produced the gold-bearing calcite-quartz-adularia veins.  相似文献   

4.
西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制。本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与示踪,测定了成矿流体的氢-氧同位素组成,并对与矿体相伴产出花岗斑岩脉进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。研究表明,李坝金矿床花岗斑岩脉中黄铁矿δ34S值范围为8.19‰~10.06‰,赋矿围岩中金属硫化物δ34S值范围为4.94‰~9.81‰,矿石硫化物的δ34S值范围为4.94‰~10.82‰,矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成与矿区花岗斑岩及赋矿围岩的硫同位素组成相似,暗示成矿流体中的硫源主要来自受改造或变质的地层岩石与岩浆热液硫的混合。不同地质体的铅同位素组成变化范围较小,在Zartman铅构造模式图解中,样品投影点均落于造山带与上地壳演化线附近,矿石铅投影点与赋矿围岩及矿区岩脉的投影点重合,表明矿石中的铅可能来源于赋矿围岩和岩浆作用的混合。氢-氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体可能为变质流体、岩浆流体及地层建造水的混合热流体。矿区花岗斑岩脉与矿体相伴产出,花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为223 Ma,与金矿化时间一致,暗示成矿作用与岩浆活动同时发生。李坝金矿床与矿区岩浆岩同为造山作用的产物,并且其矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学特征与造山型金矿床相似,为形成于秦岭造山带由碰撞向伸展转变环境下成矿物质来源复杂的造山型金矿床。  相似文献   

5.
金龙山金矿床位于南秦岭造山带的复理石褶冲带中,赋矿围岩为碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造,矿化明显受地层岩性与韧-脆性构造发育程度的控制。矿床稀土元素地球化学研究表明,地层岩石、矿石和热液矿物的轻重稀土分异程度和特征参数基本一致,表明成矿流体应主要来自于赋矿地层。铅同位素研究表明,地层岩石、矿石和热液矿物均具有较高的放射性成因的铅同位素组成,且均落入南秦岭造山带的泥盆系范围内,暗示铅也主要来自赋矿地层。对前人已有的碳-氧-硫-氢同位素组成和流体包裹体数据综合分析表明,碳和氧应主要来自海相碳酸盐的溶解作用,硫主要来自海相硫酸盐的热化学还原反应;从成矿早阶段到晚阶段,成矿流体的δ18O及δD值向大气降水线＂漂移＂,指示成矿流体以盆地建造水和变质水为主,在晚阶段有大气降水加入。金龙山金矿床与卡林型金矿床的矿床地质-地球化学特征相似,应属于卡林型金矿床,其形成于秦岭造山带陆内造山作用过程中,多层次陆壳叠置加厚的地球动力学背景,是陆内碰撞造山作用的产物。  相似文献   

6.
班康姆铜金矿床是近年来新发现的大型铜金矿床。前人研究初步表明研究区成矿作用与古特提斯洋壳俯冲消减所产生的岩浆作用密切有关,但是缺乏岩石地球化学证据。笔者于研究区地表、钻孔采集了13件火山岩-侵入岩新鲜岩石,开展了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素分析测试。研究表明该区安山质-侵入杂岩具有岛弧钙碱性火山岩的地球化学特征,构造环境判别图显示该套岩石属于大洋弧环境,形成于大洋消减带,与洋壳板片俯冲有关。安山质-侵入杂岩来源于地幔楔,并经历了结晶分异作用,而煌斑岩形成于板片消减而富集的地幔部分熔融。通过与黎府构造带矿床稀土、微量元素特征对比,证实班康姆矿区与Chatree矿区火山岩及金矿床形成于同一期构造岩浆成矿作用,进一步表明了黎府构造岩浆带在晚二叠世—早三叠世发生了一次重要的区域成矿作用。  相似文献   

7.
A lithogeochemical, mineral chemical, isotopic, and fluid inclusion study of barren, low-, and high-grade Au-mineralized samples from the shear zone-hosted Amantaytau gold deposit, Uzbekistan, shows that the local host rocks, Late Ordovician–Earlz Silurian carbonacous shales, are likely to have been an important source of Au, As, Ni, and S in the formation of the deposit. Syn-depositional pyrite in these shales contains on average 0.23 ppm Au, 1,083 ppm As, and 861 ppm Ni. The distribution of rare earth elements (REE) indicates a homogeneous source of light REE, whereas the heavy REE distribution reflects most likely primary variations in the sediments. The mineralized zone is marked by a positive Eu anomaly, which supports reducing conditions during the mineralization. A hydrothermal overprint by an aqueous–carbonic fluid is reflected in a high-grade Au-mineralized sample by δ13C values of ?13.0?‰ (V-PDB). The δ 34S values in pyrite (?0.13 to +7.30?‰ CDT) from barren and mineralized samples are consistent with marine sulfate being the principal source of the ore sulfur. Assuming a formation temperature of between 300 and 400 °C for the main stage of mineralization, as indicated by the alteration mineral assemblage, the calculated δ 18Ofluid is between 9.5 and 13.4?‰ V-SMOW, which points at a metamorphic origin of the ore fluid.  相似文献   

8.
The Urals is a complex fold belt, which underwent long geological evolution. The formation of most gold deposits in the Urals is related to the collision stage. In this paper, we review some relatively small listvenite-related gold deposits, which are confined to the large Main Uralian fault zone and some smaller faults within the Magnitogorsk zone. The Mechnikovskoe, Altyn-Tash, and Ganeevskoe deposits are studied in detail in this contribution. They comprise the ore clusters along with other numerous small gold deposits, and constituted the sources for the gold placers exploited in historical time. The gold is hosted by metasomatites (listvenites, beresites) and quartz veins with economic gold grades (up to 20 g/t Au). Listvenites are developed after serpentinites and composed of quartz, fuchsite, and carbonates (magnesite, dolomite) ± albite. Volcanic and volcanoclastic rocks are altered to beresites, consisting of sericite, carbonates (dolomite, ankerite), quartz and albite. Pyrite and chalcopyrite are major ore minerals associated with gold; pyrrhotite, Ni sulfides, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite and Au-Ag tellurides are subordinate and rare. Gold in these deposits is mostly high-fineness (>900‰). The lower fineness (∼800‰) is typical of gold in assemblage with polymetallic sulfides and tellurides. The ores have been formed from the NaCl–CO2–H2O ± CH4 fluids of low (∼2 wt% NaCl-equiv.) to moderate (8–16 wt% NaCl-equiv.) salinity at temperatures of 210–330 °C. The oxygen isotopic composition of quartz (δ18O) varies from 14.7 to 15.4‰ (Mechnikovskoe deposit), 13.2 to 13.6‰ (Altyn-Tash deposit) and 12.0 to 12.7‰ (Ganeevskoe deposit). The oxygen isotopic composition of albite from altered rocks of the Ganeevskoe deposit is 10.1‰. The calculated δ18OH2O values of the fluid in equilibrium with quartz are in a range of 5.7–6.3, 4.2–4.6 and 6.3–6.7‰ respectively, and most likely indicate a magmatic fluid source.  相似文献   

9.
The Hutti gold mine is located in a high-angle, NNW–SSE-trending shear zone system, which hosts nine discrete auriferous shear zones (reefs). On a clockwise, retrograde PT path two separate stages of deformation/metamorphism (D2/M2 and D3/M3) occurred synchronous with two distinct stages of gold mineralization, both of which were associated with different fluid types. Stage 1 mineralization developed during D2/M2, where the amphibolite host rocks were altered by a metamorphic fluid with a $ {{\delta }^{{18}}}{{O}_{{{{H}_2}O}}} $ of 7.5–10.1?‰, rich in K, S, As, and Au at pressure and temperature conditions of around 3 kbar and 530?+?20/?30°C, respectively. The stage 1 auriferous shear zones are enveloped by a zoned alteration consisting of a distal biotite–chlorite and proximal biotite–plagioclase assemblage. Subsequently, D2/M2 was overprinted by D3/M3 deformation and metamorphism at 300–400°C and <2 kbar that formed the stage 2 mineralization. The stage 2 mineralizing fluid which originated from outside the greenstone belt (δ18Ofluid of 3.2–6.8?‰) was rich in Si, Au, and W. This mineralization stage is distinct by the emplacement of laminated quartz veins central to the shear zone, containing locally visible gold at concentrations of up to 1 kg Au/t. The laminated quartz veins are surrounded by a millimeter-scale chlorite2–K-feldspar alteration halo, which replaced the stage 1 biotite–plagioclase assemblage. The oxygen isotopic composition of the stage 2 fluid suggests a mixture of a magmatic fluid with an oxygen isotopic composition in the range of 6 to 10?‰ and an isotopically light formation fluid that resulted from fluid–rock interaction in the greenstone pile. The two fluid fluxes at stages 1 and 2 both contributed to the overall gold mineralization; however, it was the second fluid pulse, which gave the Hutti mine its status as the largest gold mine in India. The metamorphic evolution was thereby important for the first stage, whereas the second stage was controlled by tectonism and intrusion of the high-heat production Yellagatti granite that re-established the fluid plumbing and mineralizing system.  相似文献   

10.
Petrochemical characteristics of igneous, sedimentary, and metasomatic rocks; chemical and isotopic compositions of minerals and fluids; and PT parameters of mineral formation at the Nezhdaninsky deposit are reported. A model of hydrothermal system formation is developed on this basis. In addition to decreasing Ba/Rb and Li/Mg ratios in the course of the hydrothermal process, resulting in the formation of ore-bearing metasomatic rocks, increasing K/Ba and diminishing K/Cs ratios indicate the probable participation of magmatic fluid in the ore deposition. The agreement of the K/Rb and K/Ba ratios with the values typical of the main trend of igneous rocks (MT) implies that the K, Rb, and Ba contents were distributed in the ore-forming hydrothermal fluid according to the ratios in the source magmatic chamber. The K/Rb ratios in metasomatic rocks correspond to the MT and approach the pegmatitic-hydrothermal trend and the composition of orthomagmatic fluid of Mo-W greisen. Similar REE patterns of igneous and terrigenous rocks do not allow the REE source to be constrained unequivocally. The lithological control of lithophile element distribution testifies to the supply of host rock components to the hydrothermal system. All studied rocks and minerals are enriched in LREE. The REE total and the contribution of HREE decrease from preore to synore metasomatic rocks, from preore to regenerated carbonates, and from older to younger scheelite. A similar tendency is noted in granitoids of the Kurum pluton. The δ18O values of quartz range from +10.3 to +12.6‰ in Au-Mo-W zones, from +15.9 to +16.4‰ in metasomatic rocks, from +14.8 to +16.6‰ in gold-ore veins, and from +13.5 to +16.9‰ in silver-base-metal ore mineralization. The estimates of \(\delta ^{18} O_{H_2 O} \) suggest that water was supplied from a magmatic source (δ18O = +(5.5?9.0‰)) and as a product of sedimentary rock dehydration. High-temperature (up to 390°C) and highly concentrated (up to 31 wt % NaCl equiv) fluids participated in the mineral formation. The phase separation of the fluid into H2O-CO2 liquid and predominantly carbon dioxide gas was combined with mixing of a high-temperature and relatively highly concentrated chloride solution with a low-temperature and poorly mineralized fluid. The redox conditions varied from equilibrium with CH4-bearing fluid at the gold-molybdenum-tungsten stage to equilibrium with CO2-bearing fluid during the gold-ore stage.  相似文献   

11.
申婷婷  张立飞  李旭平 《岩石学报》2012,28(7):2235-2249
新疆西天山长阿吾子异剥钙榴岩是目前首例发现的在俯冲带形成的原岩为榴辉岩的异剥钙榴岩,与其作用的流体为俯冲带流体。该异剥钙榴岩与大洋底变质作用形成的异剥钙榴岩相比,岩石学特征非常相似,但是元素迁移方面存在一定的差别。为了推断流体成分,我们使用了三种方法。一、测试了异剥钙榴岩化前后主要矿物相石榴石和辉石化学成分。二、在ACF图上,可以看出全岩成分从F端元向C端元演化,代表Fe减少,Ca增加的趋势,而且完全异剥钙榴岩成分落在了前人所做的异剥钙榴岩成分区间内。三、假设Al为不迁移元素,根据Grant的计算方法,做出主量元素、微量元素和REE的等浓度图。综合以上分析结果推断,俯冲带中流体的成分是复杂和变化的:部分异剥钙榴岩化阶段流体富集Ca、Si、Ti、Mn、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf,贫乏Fe、Mg、Na、K、REE、Tb、Y,氧逸度升高,流体属于不饱和状态,因此导致不平衡结构发育;完全异剥钙榴岩阶段,流体富集Ca、Mg、LREE、Ni、Cr,贫乏Fe、Ti、Rb、Ba、MREE、HREE等元素,此时流体作用强烈,富水流体相的强烈淋滤作用,使得大部分元素发生了迁移。  相似文献   

12.
The Gaoshan gold-silver deposit, located between the Yuyao-Lishui Fault and JiangshanShaoxing fault in Longquan Area, occurs in the Suichang-Longquan gold-silver polymetallic metallogenic belt. This study conducted an investigation for ore-forming fluids using microthermometry, D-O isotope and trace element. The results show that two types of fluid inclusions involved into the formation of the deposit are pure liquid phase and gas-liquid phase aqueous inclusions. The homogenization temperature and salinity of major mineralization phase ranges from 156°C to 236°C(average 200°C) and 0.35% to 8.68%(NaCleqv)(average 3.68%), respectively, indicating that the ore-forming fluid is characteristic of low temperature and low salinity. The oreforming pressure ranges between in 118.02 to 232.13'105 pa, and it is estabmiated that the oreforming depth ranges from 0.39 to 0.77 km, indicating it is a hypabyssal deposit in genesis. The low rare earth elements content in pyrites, widely developed fluorite in late ore-forming stage and lack of chlorargyrite(Ag Cl), indicates that the ore-forming fluid is rich in F rather than Cl. The ratios of Y/Ho, Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta of between different samples have little difference, indicating that the later hydrothermal activities had no effects on the former hydrothermal fluid. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns of pyrites from country rocks and ore veins are basically identical, with the characteristics of light REE enrichment and negative Eu anomalies, implying that the ore-forming fluid was oxidative and derived partly from the country rocks. The δD and δ18O of fluid inclusions in quartz formed during the main metallogenic stage range from -105‰ to -69 ‰ and -6.01‰ to -3.81‰, respectively. The D-O isotopic diagram shows that the metallogenic fluid is characterized by the mixing of formation water and meteoric water, without involvement of magmatic water. The geological and geochemical characteristics of the Gaoshan gold-silver deposit are similar to those of continental volcanic hydrothermal deposit, and could be assigned to the continental volcanic hydrothermal gold-silver deposit type.  相似文献   

13.
为探讨灰家堡金矿田矿化剂和成矿物质来源,系统开展了热液方解石的稀土元素和C-O-Sr同位素研究。结果表明,热液方解石的稀土元素具有"上凸型"配分模式,低的(La/Sm)N值(0.003~0.580),较高的(Gd/Yb)N值(1.21~15.73),Eu正异常,显示成矿流体的壳源特征;产于龙潭组(P3l)的矿体中的方解石δ13CPDB为-9.3‰~1.7‰(均值为-3.93‰);产于构造蚀变体(SBT)的矿体中的方解石δ13CPDB为-7.8‰~3.3‰(均值为1.04‰),C-O同位素组成介于地幔碳酸岩与海相碳酸盐岩之间,在δ13CPDB-δ18OSMOW图解上呈近水平分布,与矿体全岩及围岩碳同位素组成相似,表明成矿流体的C可能具有多来源特征。成矿流体与围岩之间的水-岩反应并未改变矿石的碳、氧同位素组成,流体-岩石相互作用不是导致热液方解石沉淀的主要机制,而更可能与CO2的脱气作用有关;方解石的87Sr/86Sr值接近碳酸盐岩围岩、明显高于幔源物质的平均值,表明成矿热液中的Sr可能主要来自碳酸盐岩围岩。  相似文献   

14.
金翅岭金矿是位于胶东西北部招莱成矿带内的一个中型石英脉型金矿床,受招平断裂带下盘次级NE-NNE向密集构造裂隙带控制,成矿围岩为玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗闪长岩。本文通过对成矿作用过程中的贯通性矿物石英H,O同位素及黄铁矿中流体包裹体He,Ar同位素进行研究,探讨了成矿流体的来源。研究表明:金翅岭金矿床成矿流体的氢、氧同位素组成存在明显的变化趋势,10件样品的氢氧同位素组成δD值变化于-74.80‰～-95.70‰之间,平均值-85.41‰;δ18 O值变化于+1.30‰～+11.12‰之间,平均值为+4.95‰。分析结果显示,成矿流体早期以岩浆水为主,晚期主要为岩浆水和大气降水的混合。黄铁矿流体包裹体3 He/4 He值为0.09R/Ra～1.51R/Ra,平均0.72R/Ra,位于地壳氦和地幔氦之间。根据成矿流体的壳幔二元混合模式进行计算:地幔流体参与成矿的比例为7.49%～11.85%,地壳流体占主导地位。40 Ar/36 Ar值为365.9～4 042.6,集中在地壳流体与地幔流体之间,大气饱和水的范围附近。结合H-O同位素的结果可知,金翅岭金矿床成矿流体是以地壳流体占主导地位的壳幔混合流体,而地壳流体端元又是岩浆水和大气降水的混合流体,并且大气降水参与成矿流体的比例随着成矿作用从早到晚,以及成矿流体由深到浅的运移而不断增多。  相似文献   

15.
再论冀北古缝合带的证据   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
近南北走向的冀北太古宙麻粒岩相古陆核北侧受到近东西走向的古元古代造山带的交切。在陆缘沉积增生带内发现大量残存的古洋壳残片，包括蛇纹石化方辉橄榄岩、且鬣刺结构的苦橄岩、透闪石岩、橄长岩、异剥钙榴岩、细碧岩、退变榴辉岩、基性枕状熔岩和斜长花岗岩等，与陆缘沉积岩一起构成古蛇绿岩混杂带。推断该蛇绿岩混杂带从古元古代开始直到新元古代末有逐步向北后退发育的特点。  相似文献   

16.
The Qiman Tagh W-Sn belt lies in the westernmost section of the East Kunlun Orogen, NW China, and is associated with early Paleozoic monzogranites, tourmaline is present throughout this belt. In this paper we report chemical and boron isotopic compositions of tourmaline from wall rocks, monzogranites, and quartz veins within the belt, for studying the evolution of ore-forming fluids. Tourmaline crystals hosted in the monzogranite and wall rocks belong to the alkali group, while those hosted in quartz veins belong to both the alkali and X-site vacancy groups. Tourmaline in the walk rocks lies within the schorl-dravite series and becomes increasingly schorlitic in the monzogranite and quartz veins. Detrital tourmaline in the wall rocks is commonly both optically and chemically zoned,with cores being enriched in Mg compared with the rims. In the Al-Fe-Mg and Ca-Fe-Mg diagrams,tourmaline from the wall rocks plots in the fields of Al-saturated and Ca-poor metapelite, and extends into the field of Li-poor granites, while those from the monzogranite and quartz veins lie within the field of Li-poor granites. Compositional substitution is best represented by the MgFe_(-1), Al(NaR)_(-1), and AlO(Fe(OH))_(-1) exchange vectors. A wider range of δ~(11)B values from -11.1‰ to -7.1‰ is observed in the wall-rock tourmaline crystals, the B isotopic values combining with elemental diagrams indicate a source of metasediments without marine evaporates for the wall rocks in the Qiman Tagh belt. The δ~(11)B values of monzogranite-hosted tourmaline range from -10.7‰ and-9.2‰, corresponding to the continental crust sediments, and indicate a possible connection between the wall rocks and the monzogranite. The overlap in δ~(11)B values between wall rocks and monzogranite implies that a transfer of δ~(11)B values by anataxis with little isotopic fractionation between tourmaline and melts. Tourmaline crystals from quartz veins have δ~(11)B values between -11.0‰ and-9.6‰, combining with the elemental diagrams and geological features, thus indicating a common granite-derived source for the quartz veins and little B isotopic fractionation occurred. Tourmalinite in the wall rocks was formed by metasomatism by a granite-derived hydrothermal fluid, as confirmed by the compositional and geological features.Therefore, we propose a single B-rich sedimentary source in the Qiman Tagh belt, and little boron isotopic fractionation occurred during systematic fluid evolution from the wall rocks, through monzogranite, to quartz veins and tourmalinite.  相似文献   

17.
依据阿西金矿床H、O同位素组成特点对成矿流体的来源进行了示踪研究,并且研究了矿床的水岩交换作用,讨论了水-岩作用与金成矿的关系.根据矿床中典型热液矿物和岩矿石的稀土元素地球化学特征对成矿流体作用过程进行了示踪研究,与同位素地球化学示踪研究取得了基本一致的结果.根据成矿流体活动踪迹建立找矿标志,是进行矿产资源预测的新思路.  相似文献   

18.
白阳  张连昌  朱明田  黄柯  周伶俐 《岩石学报》2022,38(4):993-1024
三叠纪是华北克拉通重要的成矿期,三叠纪金矿主要分布在华北克拉通北缘,构成一条近东西向延伸、长约1500km的金成矿带,其中包括乌拉山-大青山、张家口、冀东-辽西、青城子及夹皮沟等多个金矿集中区。华北克拉通北缘三叠纪金矿带的赋矿围岩主要为新太古代-中元古代变质岩系和中生代花岗岩类,金矿床以石英脉型矿化为主,伴随蚀变岩型矿化;中、西段金矿集中区矿化组合表现为金或金钼矿化,东段则以金多金属矿化为主。同位素年代学资料表明,该带金矿主要形成于晚三叠世(240~220Ma);流体包裹体特征表明,成矿流体具中温、低盐度、低密度特征,属于H_(2)O-NaCl-CO_(2)±CH_(4)体系,相分离作用可能是石英脉型金矿金沉淀的主要机制;氢-氧同位素组成进一步表明,成矿流体早期为岩浆水或变质水,后期混入了大气降水。矿石碳、硫、铅、氦-氩同位素及金矿集中区内成矿相关岩体的钕、铪同位素组成表明,华北克拉通北缘三叠纪金矿床的成矿流体和成矿物质均与壳-幔混合作用有关,其中,幔源物质及流体的贡献与区域三叠纪岩浆活动有关,壳源组分的贡献主要来自前寒武纪变质围岩。金矿床形成的构造背景整体上与中亚造山带造山后伸展作用有关:晚三叠世,华北北缘受中亚造山带碰撞后伸展作用的影响,发生岩石圈首次减薄事件,同时发育多条深大断裂及碱性花岗岩-碱性岩的侵入活动,为大规模区域金矿的形成提供了优越条件。金矿带的东段可能同时受扬子克拉通与华北板块碰撞作用的影响,是造成其与中、西段金矿集中区成矿特征有一定差异的主因。  相似文献   

19.
The Duobuza gold‐rich porphyry copper district is located in the Bangongco metallogenetic belt in the Bangongco‐Nujiang suture zone south of the Qiangtang terrane. Two main gold‐rich porphyry copper deposits (Duobuza and Bolong) and an occurrence (135 Line) were discovered in the district. The porphyry‐type mineralization is associated with three Early Cretaceous ore‐bearing granodiorite porphyries at Duobuza, 135 Line and Bolong, and is hosted by volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Middle Jurassic Yanshiping Formation and intermediate‐acidic volcanic rocks of the Early Cretaceous Meiriqie Group. Simultaneous emplacement and isometric distribution of three ore‐forming porphyries is explained as multi‐centered mineralization generated from the same magma chamber. Intense hydrothermal alteration occurs in the porphyries and at the contact zone with wall rocks. Four main hypogene alteration zones are distinguished at Duobuza. Early‐stage alteration is dominated by potassic alteration with extensive secondary biotite, K‐feldspar and magnetite. The alteration zone includes dense magnetite and quartz‐magnetite veinlets, in which Cu‐Fe‐bearing sulfides are present. Propylitic alteration occurs in the host basic volcanic rocks. Extensive chloritization‐silicification with quartz‐chalcopyrite or quartz‐molybdenite veinlets superimposes on the potassic alteration. Final‐stage argillic alteration overlaps on all the earlier alteration. This alteration stage is characterized by destruction of feldspar to form illite, dickite and kaolinite, with accompanying veinlets of quartz + chalcopyrite + pyrite and quartz + pyrite assemblages. Cu coexists with Au, which indicates their simultaneous precipitation. Mass balance calculations show that ore‐forming elements are strongly enriched during the above‐mentioned three alteration stages.  相似文献   

20.
中国西南部哀牢山成矿带南段长安金矿床成因机制仍然有待研究,为了解其成矿物质与流体来源,掌握其矿床成因类型,给矿山找矿增储工作提供依据,本文以长安金矿床作为研究对象,通过详细的地质特征描述、流体包裹体测温学和矿石H-O-S-Pb同位素测试来研究成矿物质和流体来源、演化,进而制约矿床成因,建立成矿模式。研究结果表明：前人认为的近南北向构造F6并非断裂构造,而是隐爆角砾岩筒,其为长安金矿床的主容矿构造;主成矿阶段包裹体冰点温度绝大部分为-2.9~-0.7 ℃ ,对应盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.22%～4.79%,均一温度为162～226 ℃,属于低温低盐度流体体系。长安金矿床成矿主阶段石英的δ18OH2O介于4.4‰～5.2‰之间,δD为-93.9‰～-85.9‰,落入岩浆水与大气水演化线之间,说明成矿流体为岩浆流体与大气水的混合物。长安金矿床黄铁矿的δ34S平均值为2.1‰（n=32）,绝大多数介于0.0~3.6‰之间,具有明显的岩浆硫的特点,认为硫来源于岩浆岩;黄铁矿的铅同位素组成特点明显具有二元性,反映了岩浆铅和上地壳围岩铅的双重贡献。综上,认为成矿物质和流体主要来源于岩浆,后期大气水和围岩也对成矿流体物质有一定贡献;长安金矿床受隐爆角砾岩控制,与低硫化型浅成低温热液型金矿的特征相似,尽管其围岩并非传统的火山岩。  相似文献   

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