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深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化 总被引：27，自引：0，他引：27
本文通过对渤海湾地区东营盆地沙三段的研究,区分了深湖相泥岩的岩相类型。根据各类岩相的结构、沉积构造和层序、有机地球化学、元素地球化学、矿物成分、生物组合等特征对深湖相泥岩的成因类型进行了划分,并讨论了各成因系列的沉积作用。在此基础上分析了湖盆发展不同阶段由于盆地地形、湖水性质、骨架沉积体系的改变及深湖相泥岩成因类型组合的演化特征。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水岩相发育特征及其石油地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆中部地区三叠系延长组长7油层组广泛发育深水沉积。沉积物的粒度、沉积结构与构造、有机地球化学等特征研究表明,深水沉积岩可划分为四种岩相类型,分别为油页岩岩相、暗色泥岩岩相、砂质泥岩与泥质砂岩岩相和砂岩岩相。其中,油页岩岩相有机碳含量高,有机质类型好,测井曲线具有高阻、高伽马、低电位和时差跳跃频繁等特征;暗色泥岩岩相具有富含有机质、中低阻、中高伽马、高密度和高时差等特征;砂质泥岩与泥质砂岩岩相具有中电阻、低伽马、高密度、时差跳跃频繁等特征,泥质含量 20~70%;砂岩岩相表现出低的电阻、时差和伽马、泥质含量小于20%的特征,并刻画了各种深水岩相的剖面发育特征。深水斜坡带和湖底平原区的岩相组合存在较大的差异。深水岩相对非常规油气资源意义重大,其中油页岩岩相和暗色泥岩岩相为盆地中生界主力烃源岩,深水砂岩岩相是盆地大规模致密油的重要储集体,砂质泥岩与泥质砂岩岩相、暗色泥岩岩相富含丰富的页岩油资源,也具有潜在经济价值。 相似文献
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东营凹陷旋回式深湖相烃源岩研究 总被引：28，自引：6，他引：28
对东营凹陷沙河街组烃源岩的研究发现:在灰褐色泥岩、纹层状褐色泥岩、钙质泥岩和油页岩中常常夹有泥质粉砂岩和少量浊积砂岩;对牛38井密集采样分析则指示有机碳含量等多项地球化学参数呈现出“波峰”、“波谷”状变化特征,沉积界面也清晰地记录了湖平面的旋回式(升降)变换过程。本文探讨了盆地的充填过程,建立了旋回式深湖相沉积的地层模式——平衡充填,并深入分析了该套烃源岩的地质地球化学特征和有机质的赋存状态,指出旋回式深湖相烃源岩与浊积砂和前三角洲砂体主要以交互式或包裹式构成最佳生储配置关系,有利于隐蔽油气藏的形成。 相似文献
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蒙甘青地区早白垩世原型盆地特征及其对烃源岩分布的控制 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
岩相古地理图可以大体反映盆地形成时的盆山格局和原始沉积特征。蒙甘青地区早白垩世岩相古地理图揭示了研究区在早白垩世发育了众多大小不一的沉积盆地群。由于早白垩世研究区处于伸展构造环境,这些盆地群构造性质多为拉张断陷盆地,普遍接受了下白垩统湖相—河流相沉积。早白垩世的沉积环境及岩相古地理条件有利于油气的形成,烃源岩主要分布在北祁连—阿拉善裂谷断陷盆地群中的次一级断陷中。烃源岩岩性为一套湖相的深灰色、灰黑色含钙质泥岩,明显受（浅湖—半深湖—深）湖相沉积体系的控制。此外,该区烃源岩的分布还受早白垩世“南干北湿”的气候带所控制。 相似文献
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通过对滦平盆地西瓜园组（上侏罗统－下自垩统）暗色泥岩和油页岩的岩相特征及其中所发现的各种恐龙脚印化石的研究,分析了恐龙脚印化石形成的环境。认为在前扇三角洲或深湖－半深湖环境的暗色泥岩中出现恐龙脚印化石,说明湖平面变化频繁,在枯水期,湖平面下降,前扇三角洲或深湖－半深湖相暗色泥岩暴露出水面,一些恐龙经过此处到低洼处喝水,留下脚印。由此推断中国东部古近纪陆相断陷湖盆中的暗色泥岩所夹的砂砾岩和盐岩并不全是深水重力流成因,暗色泥岩所夹的盐岩也不一定是深水成因;并建立了暗色泥岩中所夹的砂砾岩和盐岩的成因沉积模式。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖相黏土岩分类和沉积环境探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组沉积了区域分布的大套湖相黏土岩,它不但是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界最重要的烃源岩,同时也是目前致密油/页岩油勘探的主要领域.作者在对国内外黏土岩分类及其成因机制等系统调研基础上,通过对工区25口连续取芯井的岩芯描述和400余块典型黏土岩薄片观察,并充分应用X衍射、有机地球化学等分析测试资料,提出了湖相黏土岩的分类方案与基本特征,探讨了不同类型黏土岩形成的沉积环境.根据岩石组分、沉积构造等特征,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组黏土岩主要发育5种类型:①块状泥岩;②粒序层理泥岩;③波状纹层页岩;④平直纹层页岩;⑤似块状页岩.该成因分类方案将黏土岩类型与沉积环境相结合.指出受三角洲前缘影响的浅湖区以块状泥岩为主;受湖流和波浪影响的浅湖—半深湖环境以波状纹层页岩为主;深湖静水区以平直纹层状页岩为主;深湖坳陷区以粒序层理泥岩为主;火山灰爆发时期以似块状页岩为主.粒序层理泥岩是致密油赋存的主要类型,有机碳平均含量为6%;似块状页岩是页岩油赋存的主要类型,有机碳平均含量为17.17%. 相似文献
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纪友亮孙玉花贾爱林 《古地理学报》2008,10(4):379-384
通过对滦平盆地西瓜园组（上侏罗统-下白垩统）暗色泥岩和油页岩的岩相特征及其中所发现的各种恐龙脚印化石的研究,分析了恐龙脚印化石形成的环境。认为在前扇三角洲或深湖-半深湖环境的暗色泥岩中出现恐龙脚印化石,说明湖平面变化频繁,在枯水期,湖平面下降,前扇三角洲或深湖-半深湖相暗色泥岩暴露出水面,一些恐龙经过此处到低洼处喝水,留下脚印。由此推断中国东部古近纪陆相断陷湖盆中的暗色泥岩所夹的砂砾岩和盐岩并不全是深水重力流成因,暗色泥岩所夹的盐岩也不一定是深水成因;并建立了暗色泥岩中所夹的砂砾岩和盐岩的成因沉积模式。 相似文献
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《古地理学报》2021,23(5)
陆相深水重力流水道的类型细分及其沉积模式是制约其油气勘探开发的重要因素,但研究程度低。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘瑶曲铁路桥剖面三叠系延长组实测、水道形态参数统计及岩相、粒度等分析,开展了湖相重力流水道的沉积特征、沉积过程及沉积模式研究。结果表明:(1)研究区内可识别出4期复合水道,主要为洪水重力流成因。根据其内部单一水道及单砂体形态特征、岩相组成,将其细分为沉积型和过渡型两类。(2)剖面下部2期复合水道为沉积型,以悬浮载荷成因岩相为主,常见块状净细砂岩、薄层泥岩岩相组合和鲍马序列岩相组合;上部2期复合水道为过渡型,岩相以底床载荷与悬浮载荷共存为特征,自下而上以交错层理细砂岩或叠瓦状泥砾细砂岩与含泥砾/泥岩撕裂屑块状细砂岩、平行层理粗粉砂岩及薄层泥岩的岩相组合为特征。(3)结合单一水道规模及其相互关系,建立了区内过渡、沉积型重力流水道的半定量沉积模式。过渡型水道内部侵蚀与沉积作用共存,单一水道宽度小、宽厚比低,呈透镜状,水道间切割性强,砂体横向稳定性较低,表现出不定向叠加、侧向拼接样式;沉积型水道内部由沉积作用主导,单一水道宽度较大、宽厚比较高,呈似板状—透镜状,砂体横向稳定性较高,表现出稳定的垂向加积样式。 相似文献
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陆相深水重力流水道的类型细分及其沉积模式是制约其油气勘探开发的重要因素,但研究程度低。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南缘瑶曲铁路桥剖面三叠系延长组实测、水道形态参数统计及岩相、粒度等分析,开展了湖相重力流水道的沉积特征、沉积过程及沉积模式研究。结果表明:(1)研究区内可识别出4期复合水道,主要为洪水重力流成因。根据其内部单一水道及单砂体形态特征、岩相组成,将其细分为沉积型和过渡型两类。(2)剖面下部2期复合水道为沉积型,以悬浮载荷成因岩相为主,常见块状净细砂岩、薄层泥岩岩相组合和鲍马序列岩相组合;上部2期复合水道为过渡型,岩相以底床载荷与悬浮载荷共存为特征,自下而上以交错层理细砂岩或叠瓦状泥砾细砂岩与含泥砾/泥岩撕裂屑块状细砂岩、平行层理粗粉砂岩及薄层泥岩的岩相组合为特征。(3)结合单一水道规模及其相互关系,建立了区内过渡、沉积型重力流水道的半定量沉积模式。过渡型水道内部侵蚀与沉积作用共存,单一水道宽度小、宽厚比低,呈透镜状,水道间切割性强,砂体横向稳定性较低,表现出不定向叠加、侧向拼接样式;沉积型水道内部由沉积作用主导,单一水道宽度较大、宽厚比较高,呈似板状—透镜状,砂体横向稳定性较高,表现出稳定的垂向加积样式。 相似文献
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针对鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组长7段富有机质泥页岩岩石学特征及生烃潜力认识不清的问题,通过对研究区泥页岩的岩石学、矿物组成、有机地球化学、孔隙类型及沉积模式精细研究,结果表明：研究区主要存在3种不同类型的泥页岩,分别是泥质碎屑流成因的块状泥岩、浊流成因的正粒序泥岩及沉积于静水环境中的纹层状泥岩.块状泥岩和正粒序泥岩含有较多的陆源碎屑矿物,纹层状泥岩碳酸盐矿物含量高,同时含有较高的有机碳及可溶烃和热解烃,它们的干酪根类型以Ⅱ型为主,含有少量Ⅰ型.泥页岩储集空间主要为粒间孔、粒内孔及微裂缝,有机质孔少见,纹层状泥岩孔隙类型多样,储集空间大.泥质碎屑流形成的块状泥岩沉积在湖盆坡脚处,浊流成因的正粒序泥岩及纹层状泥岩广泛沉积于湖盆中心,且厚度大. 相似文献
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济阳坳陷古近系页岩的纹层组合及成因分类 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王冠民 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(3):666-671,680
在济阳坳陷古近系中发育大量湖相页岩及纹层状的碳酸盐岩,页岩类型多样。通过对300多块页岩薄片的显微镜下观察分析表明,这些湖相页岩和纹层状碳酸盐岩均由3种基本纹层构成:富有机质纹层(即富含有机质的黏土矿物纹层)、隐晶碳酸盐纹层和黏土纹层。按纹层组合和比例的不同,可将页岩和纹层状碳酸盐岩系统地划分为黑页岩、钙质纹层页岩、富有机质纹层页岩、泥页岩、钙质页岩、纹层状泥灰岩和纹层状灰岩等7种类型,并尝试提出利用纹层组分划分页岩类型的三角形成因分类方案。由于不同纹层形成的古湖泊条件不同,该分类方案不仅能够反映各种页岩的纹层组成,同时也可反映页岩的成因。 相似文献
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为了进行陆相断陷湖盆泥页岩细粒混积岩有利岩相预测，以指导页岩油气有利目标优选，综合运用岩心、薄片、全岩衍射、元素、古生物等资料，系统进行了东营凹陷沙四上亚段泥页岩细粒混积岩沉积环境恢复、岩相精细表征，揭示了沉积环境对岩相及其组合、分布的控制作用.研究表明，东营凹陷沙四上亚段泥页岩细粒混积岩沉积期整体上表现为气候由半湿润向湿润转化，自下而上显示碎屑物源输入量在增加、水体水深加大、盐度降低、还原性减弱的过程；有序复杂多变的沉积环境一定程度上控制了泥页岩细粒混积岩沉积组构复杂性，进而控制了细粒混积岩相的多样性、组合和分布规律性.建立基于“岩石组分、沉积构造、灰质结构和有机质丰度”四端元划分方案，将东营凹陷沙四上亚段泥页岩细粒混积岩划分为20类，实现了复杂细粒混积岩岩相划分；半湿润少物源条件下，浅湖强还原盐水环境主要发育膏盐、含有机质层状膏质泥岩和含有机质层状泥质灰（云）岩相组合，半深湖强还原咸水环境主要发育富有机质纹层状微晶泥质灰岩和富有机质纹层状灰质泥岩频繁互层岩相组合，半深湖强还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质水平泥晶纹层泥质灰岩和富有机质纹层灰质泥岩频繁互层岩相组合，深湖还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质层状泥质灰岩夹富有机质层状灰质泥岩相组合；湿润多物源条件下，深湖强还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质层状泥质灰岩和富有机质层状灰质泥岩频繁互层岩相组合，深湖还原半咸水环境主要发育富有机质层状灰质泥岩夹富有机质层状泥质灰岩相组合. 相似文献
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我国陆相湖盆页岩具有较大的生烃潜力,但是对其研究起步较晚,目前存在诸多不足,尤其对富生烃页岩岩相特征及其沉积作用过程、成因演化等方面的研究工作均处于探索阶段.综合岩心、薄片、XRD矿物含量分析、主微量元素和测井等数据,在沉积学、元素地球化学以及-R（湖进-湖退）层序理论的指导下,详细研究了东营凹陷沙四上亚段页岩的岩相特征及其沉积过程、岩相发育与层序耦合关系以及古气候和湖泊的演化过程.结果表明,沙四上亚段页岩自下而上主要由硬石膏薄夹层页岩相、含粉砂富粘土质页岩相、块状灰质页岩相和纹层状灰质页岩相组成,分别沉积于盐湖环境、前三角洲环境、浅湖环境和深湖-半深湖环境.页岩岩相组合的垂向演化与体系域的纵向分布具有明显的耦合关系,揭示了古气候由干旱转为潮湿、湖盆由小型湖泊演化为大型湖泊,并推断古气候的变化和控盆正断层的活动是控制研究区古湖泊演化的两个重要因素. 相似文献
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从生物扰动构造看古近纪东营湖的湖水分层 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
生物扰动构造发育程度与湖水充氧条件及湖水分层有密切关系。通过对山东东营凹陷下第三系 5套油源岩的生物扰动构造进行分析 ,分别讨论了其沉积时期古湖泊水体的分层状况。富有机质纹层页岩中无生物扰动构造 ,生物扰动指数为 0 ,表明其沉积时为一稳定分层、底层水缺氧的古湖泊 ;钙质块状纹层泥岩中含显微生物扰动构造 ,主要分布在细粒方解石纹层中 ,生物扰动指数为 1,反映较稳定分层、缺氧但有短暂充氧的沉积环境 ;钙质纹层页岩中显微生物扰动构造可局部富集呈层 ,生物扰动指数为 1～ 2 ,反映当时古湖泊有季节性回水 ,含氧量呈季节性变化 ;红、灰条带状粉砂质泥岩肉眼即可观察到生物扰动构造 ,主要分布在红色层中 ,生物扰动指数为 2～ 3,反映为不分层、充氧的古湖泊环境 ;块状泥岩扰动最为强烈 ,生物扰动指数为 6 ,表明为不分层、充氧的沉积环境 相似文献
17.
The lacustrine Peterson Limestone of western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho comprises six lithofacies throughout its 20,000 km2 aerial extent. These are: (1) calcareous sandstone and shale, (2) red nodular limestone, (3) pink sandy micrite, (4) biomicrite, (5) graded silty micrite, and (6) limestone conglomerate. The first two represent floodplain deposition and paleosols, whereas the remaining are shallow nearshore and deeper lacustrine sediments.This sequence was developed in a large fresh, hardwater lake surrounded by fluvial systems and associated flood plains in a warm temperate climate. Well-oxidized sandy terrigenous rocks, together with calcareous paleosol nodules, indicate that flood-plain deposition both preceded and was concurrent with lacustrine carbonate deposition. Micrite and biomicrite formed in deeper parts of the basin while sandy and silty carbonate accumulated in shallower lake-margin areas. Less-calcareous shale units which are interbedded with deeper-water carbonate were deposited either during rapid basin subsidence and deepening of the lake center or during periods of slower carbonate precipitation. Turbidity currents and subaqueous debris flows generated along steeper lake margins, resulted in the deposition of rhythmic layers of graded silty micrite and diamictic limestone conglomerate in the deepest part of the basin. The carbonate-rich sediments comprising these two lithofacies were originally deposited on shallow lake-margin benches and subsequently were transported downslope toward the lake center.Comparison with other carbonate-precipitating lacustrine systems indicates that this lake was not like modern playas. Although no known modern lacustrine system is precisely like Lake Peterson, the flora, fauna, composition, and distribution of facies within modern temperate-region lakes most closely resemble those of the Peterson Limestone. 相似文献
18.
Hayfaa Abdul Aziz Enrique Sanz-Rubio† Jose P. Calvo‡ Fredirik J. Hilgen Wout Krijgsman 《Sedimentology》2003,50(2):211-236
ABSTRACT The middle Miocene sedimentary fill of the Calatayud Basin in north‐eastern Spain consists of proximal to distal alluvial fan‐floodplain and shallow lacustrine deposits. Four main facies groups characteristic of different sedimentary environments are recognized: (1) proximal and medial alluvial fan facies that comprise clast‐supported gravel and subordinate sandstone and mudstone, the latter exhibiting incipient pedogenic features; (2) distal alluvial fan facies, formed mainly of massive mudstone, carbonate‐rich palaeosols and local carbonate pond deposits; (3) lake margin facies, which show two distinct lithofacies associations depending on their distribution relative to the alluvial fan system, i.e. front (lithofacies A), comprising massive siliciclastic mudstone and tabular carbonates, or lateral (lithofacies B) showing laminated and/or massive siliciclastic mudstone alternating with tabular and/or laminated carbonate beds; and (4) mudflat–shallow lake facies showing a remarkable cyclical alternation of green‐grey and/or red siliciclastic mudstone units and white dolomitic carbonate beds. The cyclic mudflat–shallow lake succession, as exposed in the Orera composite section (OCS), is dominantly composed of small‐scale mudstone–carbonate/dolomite cycles. The mudstone intervals of the sedimentary cycles are interpreted as a result of sedimentation from suspension by distal sheet floods, the deposits evolving either under subaerial exposure or water‐saturated conditions, depending on their location on the lacustrine mudflat and on climate. The dolomite intervals accumulated during lake‐level highstands with Mg‐rich waters becoming increasingly concentrated. Lowstand to highstand lake‐level changes indicated by the mudstone/dolomite units of the small‐scale cycles reflect a climate control (from dry to wet conditions) on the sedimentation in the area. The spatial distribution of the different lithofacies implies that deposition of the small‐scale cycles took place in a low‐gradient, shallow lake basin located in an interfan zone. The development of the basin was constrained by gradual alluvial fan aggradation. Additional support for the palaeoenvironmental interpretation is derived from the isotopic compositions of carbonates from the various lithofacies that show a wide range of δ18O and δ13C values varying from ?7·9 to 3·0‰ PDB and from ?9·2 to ?1·7‰ PDB respectively. More negative δ18O and δ13C values are from carbonate‐rich palaeosols and lake‐margin carbonates, which extended in front of the alluvial fan systems, whereas more positive values correspond to dolomite beds deposited in the shallow lacustrine environment. The results show a clear trend of δ18O enrichment in the carbonates from lake margin to the centre of the shallow lake basin, thereby also demonstrating that the lake evolved under hydrologically closed conditions. 相似文献
19.
Sedimentology of a lacustrine fan-delta system, Miocene Horse Camp Formation, Nevada, USA 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A 1600-m-thick succession of the Miocene Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) exposed in east-central Nevada records predominantly terrigenous clastic deposition in subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta environments and nearshore and offshore lacustrine environments. These four depositional environments are distinguished by particular associations of individual facies (14 defined facies). Subaerial and subaqueous fan-delta facies associations include: ungraded, matrix-and clast-supported conglomerate; normally graded, matrix- and clast-supported conglomerate; ungraded and normally graded sandstone; and massive to poorly laminated mudstone. Subaqueous fan-delta deposits typically have dewatering structures, distorted bedding and interbedded mudstone. The subaerial fan-delta environment was characterized by debris flows, hyperconcentrated flows and minor sheetfloods; the subaqueous fan-delta environment by debris flows, high- and low-density turbidity currents, and suspension fallout. The nearshore lacustrine facies association provides examples of deposits and processes rarely documented in lacustrine environments. High-energy oscillatory wave currents, probably related to a large fetch, reworked grains as large as 2 cm into horizontally stratified sand and gravel. Offshore-directed currents produced uncommonly large (typically 1–2 m thick) trough cross-stratified sandstone. In addition, stromatolitic carbonate interbedded with stratified coarse sandstone and conglomerate suggests a dynamic environment characterized by episodic terrigenous clastic deposition under high-energy conditions alternating with periods of carbonate precipitation under reduced energy conditions. Massive and normally graded sandstone and massive to poorly laminated mudstone characterize the offshore lacustrine facies association and record deposition by turbidity currents and suspension fallout. A depositional model constructed for the Horse Camp Formation (Member 2) precludes the existence of all four depositional environments at any particular time. Rather, phases characterized by deposition in subaerial fan, nearshore lacustrine and offshore lacustrine environments alternated with phases of subaerial fan-delta, subaqueous fan-delta and offshore lacustrine deposition. This model suggests that high-energy nearshore currents due to deep water along the lake margin reworked sediment of the fan edge, thus preventing development of a subaqueous fan-delta environment and promoting development of a well-defined nearshore lacustrine environment. Low-energy nearshore currents induced by shallow water along the 相似文献