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1.
柴北缘东段石炭系克鲁克组为一套海陆过渡相碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩混合沉积,其中泥页岩较为发育。通过野外剖面踏勘和实测对克鲁克组泥页岩纵向发育特征进行了研究,发现克鲁克组一段泥页岩累计厚度为60 m,泥地比达92.6%,是泥页岩发育最好的层段。通过精细岩心观察描述、全岩X射线衍射分析、岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察及物性分析等,对泥页岩矿物组成、岩相、储集空间类型及物性特征进行了研究,结果表明,泥页岩矿物组成以石英和黏土矿物为主;黑色纹层状泥质中粉砂岩相、灰黑色条带状泥质粗粉砂岩相、灰黑色条带状含灰灰质泥质粗粉砂岩相和黑色纹层状含生物碎屑泥质中粉砂岩相为主要的岩相类型;储集空间主要发育顺层裂缝、溶蚀孔隙、黏土矿物晶间孔、有机质粒内孔隙及生物碎屑粒内孔;孔隙度在1%~3%,渗透率分布在0.01~1 mD。储层的发育主要受沉积环境、矿物组成和成岩作用的影响,黑色纹层状泥质中粉砂岩相和灰黑色条带状泥质粗粉砂岩相由于沉积厚度大、碳酸盐胶结作用弱、脆性指数较高、储集性能良好,有利于泥页岩储层的发育。 相似文献
2.
为查明沾化凹陷罗家地区古近系沙河街组三段下亚段页岩油的储层特征及其影响要素,通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜等多种资料综合分析,开展页岩油储层岩性、储层空间类型、影响因素及页岩油储层评价参数的研究。结果表明: 综合矿物成分和沉积构造2个因素,可将研究区页岩油储层岩性划分为7种类型; 不同岩性储集空间发育有较大差异,纹层状泥质灰岩和纹层状灰岩储集空间最为发育,纹层状灰质泥岩储集空间较发育,块状泥岩储集空间发育一般,块状泥质灰岩、块状灰质泥岩及纹层状粉砂岩储集空间发育较差; 研究区页岩油储层储集空间的发育主要受矿物成分、沉积构造、有机质含量和赋存方式以及成岩作用的影响。以此为基础,选取方解石含量、纹层状构造、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量、镜质体反射率(Ro)及孔隙度作为页岩油储层评价参数,将沾化凹陷罗家地区页岩油储层分为优质储层、有利储层和不利储层3类。 相似文献
3.
《中国地质调查》2020,(2)
为查明沾化凹陷罗家地区古近系沙河街组三段下亚段页岩油的储层特征及其影响要素,通过岩心、薄片、扫描电镜等多种资料综合分析,开展页岩油储层岩性、储层空间类型、影响因素及页岩油储层评价参数的研究。结果表明:综合矿物成分和沉积构造2个因素,可将研究区页岩油储层岩性划分为7种类型;不同岩性储集空间发育有较大差异,纹层状泥质灰岩和纹层状灰岩储集空间最为发育,纹层状灰质泥岩储集空间较发育,块状泥岩储集空间发育一般,块状泥质灰岩、块状灰质泥岩及纹层状粉砂岩储集空间发育较差;研究区页岩油储层储集空间的发育主要受矿物成分、沉积构造、有机质含量和赋存方式以及成岩作用的影响。以此为基础,选取方解石含量、纹层状构造、总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量、镜质体反射率(R_o)及孔隙度作为页岩油储层评价参数,将沾化凹陷罗家地区页岩油储层分为优质储层、有利储层和不利储层3类。 相似文献
4.
数字岩心技术为大庆齐家-古龙地区青山口组一段的页岩油评价提供了可靠的基础数据,助力了松辽陆相盆地页岩油的勘探突破.针对泥页岩储层超低孔、超低渗的物性特征,综合利用微纳米CT、MAPS和QEMSCAN等数字岩心配套实验,对泥页岩储层岩石学特征、岩相类型、孔隙结构等进行了研究.将青山口组一段划分为5种岩相类型,分别为低有机质纹层状黏土质灰岩相、低有机质纹层状长英质灰岩相、中有机质纹层状长英质页岩相、中有机质夹层粉砂岩相、高有机质纹层状硅质页岩相.青山口组一段主要孔隙类型包括粒间孔、粒内孔和有机质孔.岩石相是青山口组一段孔隙、层理缝发育的主控因素.高有机质纹层状硅质页岩相储集空间主要由粒内孔和层理缝所构成,其孔隙-裂缝系统是青山口组一段页岩油甜点开发的重点层段. 相似文献
5.
尽管对南襄盆地泌阳凹陷古近系核桃园组湖相页岩采用大型压裂初产已获高产油气流,但是对该湖相页岩储集层特征尚未进行系统研究。文中应用薄片分析及全岩X衍射分析,结合陆相页岩矿物组成特点,将泌阳凹陷湖相页岩划分为块状泥岩、纹层状黏土质页岩、纹层状粉砂质页岩、纹层状灰质页岩及纹层状云质页岩5种类型。根据页岩岩心样品氩离子抛光扫描电镜分析结果,探讨了研究区湖相页岩的储集特征:(1)主要发育溶蚀孔、晶间孔、粒间孔、构造缝、层间页理缝和微裂缝等储集空间类型;(2)孔隙发育具有各向异性;(3)孔隙以中孔体积为主,微孔次之,孔径平均为4.76 nm,有2个峰值区,分别是2～3 nm和71 nm左右。进一步分析表明,岩石类型控制了储集层的储集空间发育特征,研究区以纹层状灰质页岩的溶蚀孔、晶间孔、有机质孔、层间缝等孔隙最为发育,其亦对页岩油储集最为有利。 相似文献
6.
岩心观察和岩石薄片鉴定显示,柴达木盆地西部古近系干柴沟组存在层状-非层状泥页岩、层状-非层状灰质泥页岩、泥灰岩、层状-非层状粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩5种岩相。总有机质含量（TOC）为0.2%~1.4%,有机质以Ⅱ型干酪根为主,普遍处于成熟阶段。泥页岩矿物成分以碎屑石英和粘土矿物为主,并含有不等量的方解石、白云石、长石、黄铁矿等;发育原生孔隙、有机质生烃形成的孔隙、次生溶蚀孔隙、粘土矿物伊利石化体积缩小形成的微孔隙及微裂缝5种页岩气储集空间类型。研究表明,储集空间发育主要受岩相类型、矿物成分、成岩作用、有机碳含量和有机质成熟度的影响。虽然研究区泥页岩中有机质含量普遍较低,但有机质普遍处于成熟阶段,储层中发育多种储集空间类型,并富含脆性矿物和富伊利石的粘土矿物。因此,柴达木盆地西部干柴沟组泥页岩为良好的页岩气储集层,具有一定的页岩气勘探前景。 相似文献
7.
在岩心观察与岩石薄片鉴定的基础上,结合XRD技术、氩离子抛光扫描电镜、低温氮气吸附实验、高压压汞测试和岩石热解分析,对江汉盆地潜江凹陷潜江组页岩储层的岩石矿物组成、孔渗和孔隙结构、地球化学特征等进行分析.研究表明,潜江凹陷潜江组页岩主要矿物组成为白云石和黏土矿物,主要发育块状灰质泥岩相、纹层状灰质泥岩相、块状云质泥岩相、纹层状云质泥岩相以及块状泥质云岩相和纹层状泥质云岩相.页岩储层主要发育碳酸盐矿物晶间孔和黏土矿物层间孔,孔径主要分布在2～200 nm,孔隙度多低于20%,渗透率主要为0.1×10-3～100×10-3μm2,为低孔低渗—特低渗储层.其中黏土矿物有利于页岩储层微孔和介孔的发育,白云石有利于大孔发育,且生物成因的白云石有助于有机碳的富集和滞留烃的赋存.储层整体表现为纹层状页岩比块状页岩具有相对较高的孔径、较好的孔隙连通性和含油性,尤其在纹层状泥质云岩相中,孔隙度介于5%～15%,渗透率处于1×10-3～10×10-3μm2,主要孔径为50～2... 相似文献
8.
随着页岩油气勘探开发和相关领域研究的不断深入,细粒沉积物的搬运和沉积已成为当前沉积学研究的热点问题之一,但中国中生代湖泊环境中的泥质重力流沉积尚未引起应有的关注。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定等手段及综合研究,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世湖相泥质重力流沉积特征,探讨了其形成机制与成因分类。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组湖相泥页岩结构类型多样,发育泥质块体流沉积、泥质碎屑流沉积、泥质浊流沉积和泥质异重流沉积等多种重力流沉积类型。按照泥质含量将重力流划分为砂质重力流、泥质重力流和混合重力流3种亚类,并根据成因将重力流划分为滑塌体、碎屑流、浊流及异重流等4种亚类;结合成因和泥质含量,将重力流沉积共划分为12种类型。滑塌岩、碎屑岩分布于三角洲前缘斜坡脚附近;浊积岩、异重岩广泛分布于三角洲斜坡至沉积中心。认为泥质沉积物可以在强水动力条件下搬运-沉积;重力流沉积细粒物质在湖相沉积中占据很大的比例;泥质重力流对泥页岩中的碎屑物质、黏土矿物及有机质的搬运和沉积起到重要作用,因而对于页岩油气的生烃、储集性能和压裂工艺研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
《古地理学报》2017,(5)
随着页岩油气勘探开发和相关领域研究的不断深入,细粒沉积物的搬运和沉积已成为当前沉积学研究的热点问题之一,但中国中生代湖泊环境中的泥质重力流沉积尚未引起应有的关注。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定等手段及综合研究,分析了鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世湖相泥质重力流沉积特征,探讨了其形成机制与成因分类。鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组湖相泥页岩结构类型多样,发育泥质块体流沉积、泥质碎屑流沉积、泥质浊流沉积和泥质异重流沉积等多种重力流沉积类型。按照泥质含量将重力流划分为砂质重力流、泥质重力流和混合重力流3种亚类,并根据成因将重力流划分为滑塌体、碎屑流、浊流及异重流等4种亚类;结合成因和泥质含量,将重力流沉积共划分为12种类型。滑塌岩、碎屑岩分布于三角洲前缘斜坡脚附近;浊积岩、异重岩广泛分布于三角洲斜坡至沉积中心。认为泥质沉积物可以在强水动力条件下搬运—沉积;重力流沉积细粒物质在湖相沉积中占据很大的比例;泥质重力流对泥页岩中的碎屑物质、黏土矿物及有机质的搬运和沉积起到重要作用,因而对于页岩油气的生烃、储集性能和压裂工艺研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
柴达木盆地是中国西北地区重要的含油气盆地,盆地北缘中侏罗统大煤沟组七段页岩广泛发育。2013年在柴北缘实施第一口页岩气勘探井柴页1井,获得了良好的油气显示,页岩层段累计厚度达141 m,为半深湖深湖相沉积。页岩岩石主要类型为纹层状碳质页岩、纹层状含碳酸盐粉砂质页岩、纹层状页岩、纹层状含粉砂云质页岩、纹层状含砂页岩、纹层状粉砂质页岩、纹层状云质页岩。富有机质黑色页岩矿物特征表现高硅质矿物含量、高黏土矿物含量、低碳酸盐矿物含量。有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型次之,Ro均大于0.8%,处于成熟阶段,TOC含量为1.41%～9.35%,烃源岩品质较好。大煤沟组页岩岩心孔隙度为0.8%～3.4%,比表面为11.1～21.9 m2/g,扫描电镜下孔隙直径为0.27～21.38 μm。微孔隙发育,依据成因划分为晶间孔、溶蚀孔、有机质孔、生物碎屑体内微孔隙。此外,页岩中发育的裂缝和微裂缝,为页岩气的运移和储层提供了通道和储集空间,形成复杂孔缝交叉储集系统。页岩孔隙储层的形成机理主要为有利的沉积环境、有利的矿物组合和有机质热解作用。 相似文献
11.
深湖相泥岩的成因类型和组合演化 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10
本文通过对渤海湾地区东营盆地沙三段的研究,区分了深湖相泥岩的岩相类型。根据各类岩相的结构、沉积构造和层序、有机地球化学、元素地球化学、矿物成分、生物组合等特征对深湖相泥岩的成因类型进行了划分,并讨论了各成因系列的沉积作用。在此基础上分析了湖盆发展不同阶段由于盆地地形、湖水性质、骨架沉积体系的改变及深湖相泥岩成因类型组合的演化特征。 相似文献
12.
鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖相黏土岩分类和沉积环境探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7油层组沉积了区域分布的大套湖相黏土岩,它不但是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界最重要的烃源岩,同时也是目前致密油/页岩油勘探的主要领域.作者在对国内外黏土岩分类及其成因机制等系统调研基础上,通过对工区25口连续取芯井的岩芯描述和400余块典型黏土岩薄片观察,并充分应用X衍射、有机地球化学等分析测试资料,提出了湖相黏土岩的分类方案与基本特征,探讨了不同类型黏土岩形成的沉积环境.根据岩石组分、沉积构造等特征,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组长7油层组黏土岩主要发育5种类型:①块状泥岩;②粒序层理泥岩;③波状纹层页岩;④平直纹层页岩;⑤似块状页岩.该成因分类方案将黏土岩类型与沉积环境相结合.指出受三角洲前缘影响的浅湖区以块状泥岩为主;受湖流和波浪影响的浅湖—半深湖环境以波状纹层页岩为主;深湖静水区以平直纹层状页岩为主;深湖坳陷区以粒序层理泥岩为主;火山灰爆发时期以似块状页岩为主.粒序层理泥岩是致密油赋存的主要类型,有机碳平均含量为6%;似块状页岩是页岩油赋存的主要类型,有机碳平均含量为17.17%. 相似文献
13.
纹层结构研究对页岩系统储层有效性评价具有重要意义。以四川盆地海相志留系龙马溪组页岩为例,综合利用成像测井、光学显微镜、场发射扫描电镜、孔隙度测定、氮气吸附及含气量测试等方法,明确了龙马溪组不同尺度纹层结构特征,评价了不同纹层结构储集性能的差异。龙马溪组发育水平等厚纹层结构—中粗纹层组合、水平—小型波状纹层结构—中粗纹层组合、水平不等厚纹层结构—薄纹层组合及块状无纹层组合;纹层成分主要为包括石英、碳酸盐、有机质与黏土矿物的三类组合,碳酸盐纹层的有机质孔隙和无机质孔隙相对发育;纹层状页岩与块状泥岩在孔隙类型、孔隙体积、有机质丰度及含气量等方面具有明显差异。总体来看,中粗纹层组合页岩储层性质优于薄纹层组合页岩优于块状泥岩,是龙马溪组优先勘探的目标。下一步研究应重点加强纹层结构形成的水动力学背景、对有机质富集及储层可改造性等方面的影响。相关认识可为深化四川盆地龙马溪组有利储层优选与评价提供重要的参考和技术支持。 相似文献
14.
Gravity flow deposits associating with ichnoassemblages within the middle Member 3 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongpu sag,Henan Province 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the observation and analyses of 97 exploratory well cores in Dongpu sag,four types of gravity flow(including sliding,slumping,debris flow and turbidity current)deposits in lacustrine facies have been recognized within the middle Member 3 of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation. Their main identification marks are outlined as follows: (1)the sliding deposits are characterized by the partial preservation of primary sedimentary structures,the development of small penecontemporaneous fracture or fault in sandstone beds,and steep dip of strata,with Skolithos-Palaeophycus ichnoassemblage and/or Planolites-Taenidium ichnoassemblage,which commonly occurred in the shore and shallow lake environments. (2)General characteristics of slumping deposits mainly are the abrupt contact between sandstone beds(top and bottom)and dark mudstone beds,and development of all kinds of penecontemporaneous soft-sediment deformation structures such as convolution bedding,flame structure,water-escape structure,liquefied vein and tearing debris. (3)The sandy debris flow deposits are mainly marked by the massive sandstone,abrupt contact between sandstone beds(top and bottom)and dark mudstone beds,as well as developing floating gravels near the top of sandstone beds and tearing mudstone debris in the bottom of sandstone beds,sometimes with occurring the mud-coated intraclasts. Meanwhile,slumping and sandy debris flow deposits commonly associated with the Mermoides-Parapaleodictyon ichnoassemblage produced in semi-deep water lake environment. (4)The turbidity deposit is mainly indicated by the complete or incomplete Bouma sequences,normal-graded bedding,and all kinds of sole marks such as scour marks,irregular flute casts and load casts,and the Semirotundichnus-Puyangichnus ichnoassemblage frequently occurred in the middle to upper parts of the turbidite beds that formed in deep-water lake environment. After comprehensive analyses of above four types of gravity flow deposits and water-depth variation reflected by different ichnoassemblages,it can be considered that ichnoassemblage changes appear a zonation with the depth of the lake,which is consistent with variations in gravity flow deposits from sliding-slumping-debris flows to turbidity currents,and the bioturbation generated with gravity flow deposits is enhanced. Therefore,the research of bioturbation structures(ichnofossils)is not only of great significance to study the physical property of sandstone reservoir in lacustrine deposits,but also to provide important ichnological information for discerning various types of gravity flow deposits. 相似文献
15.
Beds comprising debrite sandwiched within co-genetic turbidite: origin and widespread occurrence in distal depositional environments 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds occur in a variety of modern and ancient turbidite systems. Their basic character is distinctive. An ungraded muddy sandstone interval is encased within mud‐poor graded sandstone, siltstone and mudstone. The muddy sandstone interval preserves evidence of en masse deposition and is thus termed a debrite. The mud‐poor sandstone, siltstone and mudstone show features indicating progressive layer‐by‐layer deposition and are thus called a turbidite. Palaeocurrent indicators, ubiquitous stratigraphic association and the position of hemipelagic intervals demonstrate that debrite and enclosing turbidite originate in the same event. Detailed field observations are presented for co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds in three widespread sequences of variable age: the Miocene Marnoso Arenacea Formation in the Italian Apennines; the Silurian Aberystwyth Grits in Wales; and Quaternary deposits of the Agadir Basin, offshore Morocco. Deposition of these sequences occurred in similar unchannellized basin‐plain settings. Co‐genetic debrite–turbidite beds were deposited from longitudinally segregated flow events, comprising both debris flow and forerunning turbidity current. It is most likely that the debris flow was generated by relatively shallow (few tens of centimetres) erosion of mud‐rich sea‐floor sediment. Changes in the settling behaviour of sand grains from a muddy fluid as flows decelerated may also have contributed to debrite deposition. The association with distal settings results from the ubiquitous presence of muddy deposits in such locations, which may be eroded and disaggregated to form a cohesive debris flow. Debrite intervals may be extensive (> 26 × 10 km in the Marnoso Arenacea Formation) and are not restricted to basin margins. Such long debris flow run‐out on low‐gradient sea floor (< 0·1°) may simply be due to low yield strength (? 50 Pa) of the debris–water mixture. This study emphasizes that multiple flow types, and transformations between flow types, can occur within the distal parts of submarine flow events. 相似文献
16.
基于对东濮凹陷97口钻井岩心的详细观察和分析,在古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段湖相沉积中识别出滑动、滑塌、碎屑流和浊流共4种类型的重力流沉积。各种类型沉积的主要判识特征如下: (1)滑动沉积以保留部分原始沉积构造、层内准同生小型断裂构造及较大角度的地层倾角(陡倾构造)发育、伴生Skolithos-Palaeophycus遗迹组合或Planolites-Taenidium遗迹组合为主要特征; (2)滑塌沉积以砂岩层顶、底面均与暗色泥岩呈突变接触以及岩层内部发育各种同生软沉积物变形构造(如包卷层理、火焰状构造、泄水构造、液化脉和各种撕裂屑等)为主要鉴别特征;(3)碎屑流沉积以砂岩呈块状构造、顶部发育漂浮砾石、底部泥岩撕裂屑发育并可见“泥包砾”现象、砂岩顶、底面均与暗色泥岩突变接触为特征;滑塌沉积和碎屑流沉积序列的上部常常伴生Mermoides-Parapaleodictyon遗迹组合; (4)浊流沉积以发育完整或不完整的鲍马序列为主要特征,浊积砂体下部见正粒序层理,底面见有冲刷痕、不规则槽模、重荷模等沉积构造,中上部发育深湖沉积中常见的Semirotundichnus-Puyangichnus遗迹组合。综合分析上述各种重力流沉积特征和伴生遗迹化石组合所体现的水深变化规律,认为遗迹化石组合随着湖水深度的增加呈分带性,与重力流沉积随水深增加而出现的滑动—滑塌—碎屑流—浊流沉积序列具有明显的一致性,且伴随重力流沉积而产生的生物扰动作用是增强的。因此,生物扰动构造(遗迹化石)的研究不仅对湖相沉积中储集层物性的分析具有重要意义,而且针对重力流沉积类型的判识还能提供重要的生物遗迹学信息。 相似文献
17.
The Lower Cretaceous Britannia Formation (North Sea) includes an assemblage of sandstone beds interpreted here to be the deposits of turbidity currents, debris flows and a spectrum of intermediate flow types termed slurry flows. The term ‘slurry flow’ is used here to refer to watery flows transitional between turbidity currents, in which particles are supported primarily by flow turbulence, and debris flows, in which particles are supported by flow strength. Thick, clean, dish‐structured sandstones and associated thin‐bedded sandstones showing Bouma Tb–e divisions were deposited by high‐ and low‐density turbidity currents respectively. Debris flow deposits are marked by deformed, intraformational mudstone and sandstone masses suspended within a sand‐rich mudstone matrix. Most Britannia slurry‐flow deposits contain 10–35% detrital mud matrix and are grain supported. Individual beds vary in thickness from a few centimetres to over 30 m. Seven sedimentary structure division types are recognized in slurry‐flow beds: (M1) current structured and massive divisions; (M2) banded units; (M3) wispy laminated sandstone; (M4) dish‐structured divisions; (M5) fine‐grained, microbanded to flat‐laminated units; (M6) foundered and mixed layers that were originally laminated to microbanded; and (M7) vertically water‐escape structured divisions. Water‐escape structures are abundant in slurry‐flow deposits, including a variety of vertical to subvertical pipe‐ and sheet‐like fluid‐escape conduits, dish structures and load structures. Structuring of Britannia slurry‐flow beds suggests that most flows began deposition as turbidity currents: fully turbulent flows characterized by turbulent grain suspension and, commonly, bed‐load transport and deposition (M1). Mud was apparently transported largely as hydrodynamically silt‐ to sand‐sized grains. As the flows waned, both mud and mineral grains settled, increasing near‐bed grain concentration and flow density. Low‐density mud grains settling into the denser near‐bed layers were trapped because of their reduced settling velocities, whereas denser quartz and feldspar continued settling to the bed. The result of this kinetic sieving was an increasing mud content and particle concentration in the near‐bed layers. Disaggregation of mud grains in the near‐bed zone as a result of intense shear and abrasion against rigid mineral grains caused a rapid increase in effective clay surface area and, hence, near‐bed cohesion, shear resistance and viscosity. Eventually, turbulence was suppressed in a layer immediately adjacent to the bed, which was transformed into a cohesion‐dominated viscous sublayer. The banding and lamination in M2 are thought to reflect the formation, evolution and deposition of such cohesion‐dominated sublayers. More rapid fallout from suspension in less muddy flows resulted in the development of thin, short‐lived viscous sublayers to form wispy laminated divisions (M3) and, in the least muddy flows with the highest suspended‐load fallout rates, direct suspension sedimentation formed dish‐structured M4 divisions. Markov chain analysis indicates that these divisions are stacked to form a range of bed types: (I) dish‐structured beds; (II) dish‐structured and wispy laminated beds; (III) banded, wispy laminated and/or dish‐structured beds; (IV) predominantly banded beds; and (V) thickly banded and mixed slurried beds. These different bed types form mainly in response to the varying mud contents of the depositing flows and the influence of mud on suspended‐load fallout rates. The Britannia sandstones provide a remarkable and perhaps unique window on the mechanics of sediment‐gravity flows transitional between turbidity currents and debris flows and the textures and structuring of their deposits. 相似文献