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1.
赣东北双桥山群首次发现大量深水类型的波痕 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以往常常认为 ,波痕大量出现和富集是“浅水”沉积的标志 ,而近年来在赣东北的国土地质调查中 ,发现双桥山群自下而上产有多层位的、不同类型的大量波痕 ,这种波痕呈一边陡、一边缓的不对称。这种深水环境的流水波痕的形态与淡水流水波痕无根本的异同。关于在深水环境中发现大量流水波痕 ,继西秦岭报道外 (晋慧娟 ,李育兹 ,1995 ) ,是我国华南地区前震旦系地层的又一次的发现 ,表明深水环境的沉积作用也是十分活跃的 ,尚待人们进一步去认识。赣东北双桥山群自下而上各个组均产有大量流水波痕 ,它们的形态也比较多样 ,有直线形、弯曲形、菱形… 相似文献
2.
宁夏香山群为一套遭受轻微区域变质的砂岩、页岩、石灰岩和硅岩,可分为徐家圈组、狼嘴子组和磨盘井组。徐家圈组为深海斜坡沉积,狼嘴子组和磨盘井组为深海平原沉积。在宁夏中卫大柳树沟和下石棚的徐家圈组下部发现波痕,波长分别为13～15 cm和8～12.5 cm,波高分别为约2 cm和1.1～2 cm。波痕所在岩层底部和下伏岩层见槽模,波痕上覆岩层中见交错层理。通过对波痕、槽模、交错层理进行野外资料的采集,对古流向进行了分析。大柳树沟的波痕、槽模、交错层理反映古流向分别为SSE向、SSE向和NE向;而在下石棚地区分别为NW向、SSW向和SWW向。本文用复合流模式分析了波痕的成因,并对槽模、波痕、交错层理组成的沉积构造组合的形成过程进行了阐述。 相似文献
3.
一种现代不对称波痕的成因特征及类比分析——以民和盆地红古城地区下白垩统第8岩组为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文以黄河边上现代不对称波痕的形成为例,结合民和盆地下白垩统第8岩组沉积环境进行类比分析,一改过去传统的"浅水"认识,而把它定为三角洲平原相沉积。因而不对称波痕不能作为某一种沉积环境,它可以广泛生成于不同的环境。因此应更多强调综合分析、类比分析、层序基本单元和体系域分析,使盆地岩石地层单位的古环境解释建立在可靠的理性基础上。 相似文献
4.
本文以黄河边上现代不对称波痕的形成为例,结合民和盆地下白垩统第８岩组沉积环境进行类比分析,一改过去传统的“浅水”认识,而把它定为三角洲平原相沉积。因而不对称波痕不能作为某一种沉积环境,它可以广泛生成于不同的环境。因此应更多强调综合分析、类比分析、层序基本单元和体系域分析,使盆地岩石地层单位的古环境解释建立在可靠的理性基础上。 相似文献
5.
分叉波痕在广西上泥盆统钙质浊积岩中的发现及意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
小型不对称分叉波痕(简称分叉波痕)发现于桂林杨堤剖面上泥盆统弗拉斯阶linguiformis牙形石带，桂林碳酸盐台地东南缘斜坡相钙质浊积岩鲍马序列C段。波长7．5～8．0cm，波高0．5～0．8cm，波痕指数15～10；向流面长5．0～7．0cm，背流面长2．5～4．0cm，波痕对称指数2．0～1．8；背流面向东倾；波脊较圆滑、缓曲，且具明显的分叉现象。是浊流流速减缓，密度流转化为牵引流后在低流态条件下，并叠加有推进型风暴浪作用形成的复合成因波痕。根据该波痕和寄主地层特征，推断含分叉波痕的阳朔碳酸盐盆地的最大水深约100m，极限水深小于200m。这一估计值应能代表广西乃至华南板块泥盆纪广泛发育的含牙形石动物群和钙质浊积岩碳酸盐沉积盆地的定量水深，可能也代表了弗拉斯阶一法门阶之交受集群绝灭事件重创的浅水海相生物与基本未受影响的深水海相生物的水深分界线。 相似文献
6.
笔者在研究现代沉积时,在我国舟山群岛的现代海滨沙滩上发现了一种前人未曾报道的新波痕类型,实录了其形态,分析了其成因,取名为涡流波痕。涡流波痕形态奇特,若干列波痕呈放射状排列;单列波痕中段呈弧形前凸。将沉积构造与水动力相联系是国际上尚处于研究早期的沉积动力学的主要内容。流体动力学中有一种水质点绕轴作旋转 相似文献
7.
波痕是沉积岩最常见的特征之一，在现代和古代沉积物中均常见。水流波痕的形态取决于环境和水动力
因素。艾伦（1968，1969）和赖内克（1971，1973，1980）分别作过研究。笔者于 1987年发现了涡流波痕，①这不仅
增添了新的波痕类型，而且对波痕成因有新的认识。 相似文献
8.
西秦岭上三叠统浊积岩系中波痕的主要特征及其成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西秦岭上三叠统为一套半深海环境中形成的陆源碎屑浊积岩系，于该该积岩系中发现了大量的波痕。本文详细研究了这些波痕的形态特征及其与鲍马尾序和浊积岩相组合的关系。研究结果表明这些波痕是浊流演化过程中转化而来的牵引流作用于底部床沙形成的。 相似文献
9.
河南泌阳凹陷含碱段的浅水蒸发环境 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文通过对泌阳凹陷含碱段岩心的研究,描述了含碱段地层的细-粉砂岩、油页岩、白云岩和重碳钠盐岩四种岩石类型,详细描述了发育在含碱地层中的波状层理、冲刷构造、层面波痕和干裂等沉积构造以及白云岩的内碎屑结构。对这些岩石类型、沉积构造、沉积韵律和岩相分布进行了分析,得出了与前人不同的结论:核二段底部含碱段沉积时是蒸发的浅水环境,碱矿层是在极浅水的盆地中心湖区--干盐湖环境中沉积的。 相似文献
10.
欧洲学者在20世纪80年代研究阿尔卑斯地区海相沉积和英国设得兰地区陆相沉积的波痕构造时建立了一系列的数学表达式。本文利用了他们的研究成果,在大王北洼陷沙河街二段砂岩中进行了应用研究。结果表明,处于特殊沉积环境下的砂岩的波痕物理参数呈有规律的变化,反映不同的水动力条件和水体深度;结合粒度分析认为,砂质颗粒在水体中主要作跳跃运动,其次是跳跃运动与悬浮运动的转换运动,部分质点作悬浮运动,反映了水体浅、能量较高。计算结果与实际观察较吻合。 相似文献
11.
The meta-anorthosite is locally deformed by brittle shear fracturing, which progressively increases from isolated fractures with little cataclasite to many generations of closely spaced fractures, the intervening rock being highly deformed, in both a plastic and brittle way. In most cases an E-W compression on gently dipping to steep reverse shear planes occurs, which we relate to a Caledonian thrust zone.In places, the highly deformed rock is cut by pseudotachylite veins, which locally form networks. The pseudotachylite is generally intrusive, but does not appear to be related to movement on major slip surfaces. Very locally it may have formed in situ. Pseudotachylite only occurs in highly deformed rock, is only very occasionally deformed itself and, thus, generally represents at each locality the last stage of a complex deformation history, as if its presence welded the rock and prevented further deformation. These striking differences from the country-rock gneisses (in which pseudotachylite occurs on well developed fractures in very slightly deformed rock) are considered to be due to the low anisotropy of the meta-anorthosite, to its lower shear strength and to the easy propagation and branching of the shear fractures in plagioclase. The source of the heat necessary to generate the pseudotachylite melt is not clear—it may come from crack propagation as well as frictional sliding. 相似文献
12.
扬子-华夏接合带的韧性剪切与金的迁移富集关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
扬子与华夏地块间发育一条近东西向展布的巨型板块缝合带--华南中部复合混杂岩带,对其次级北东向剪切带(进贤-婺源韧性剪切带)进行的构造地球化学剖面研究发现:①剪切带中构造岩金元素含量总体上高于原岩中金元素含量,从剪切带边部至中心,从原岩带至糜棱岩化带、糜棱岩带,随剪切程度的逐渐增强,金元素含量逐渐增高;②金元素有2个峰值点,1个出现在韧性剪切最强的糜棱岩中,另1个出现在叠加于早期韧性剪切糜棱岩化岩石之上的晚期脆性破裂张性构造角砾岩中;③叠加在原岩(千枚岩、砾岩)上的晚期脆性破裂张性构造角砾岩金元素没有出现富集作用.说明韧性剪切及叠加在韧性剪切之上的脆性破裂均有利于金的富集成矿. 相似文献
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14.
The current study focuses on roles of the synclines in building mountains of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt from Northeastern Iraq, Kurdistan Region. The studied area is located in the Imbricated Zone, which is a continuation of Simply Folded Zone of Iran. In some parts of this zone, the synclines contribute to building nearly half of the mountains and increase the relief contrast of the landscapes. The role of syncline in building mountains is opposite to its apparent intrinsic shape which is located in low land and normally forms synclinal valleys. In studied area, this phenomenon is observable in the areas that are complexly deformed, deeply exhumed, and predominately composed of the carbonate rocks. In these areas, exhumation and stream erosion have removed high thickness of overburden rocks and the tectonic stresses have crenulated carbonate rocks in the synclines. Due to these processes, these synclines are observable on the peak of the mountains now. The contribution of synclines in mountain building is related to three properties: the first is folding of synclines in confined condition (relative to anticlines) by which they have transformed to highly compact and stiff rocks. The second is accumulation of hydrothermal or meteoric water in the synclines due to its downward bending which aids precipitation of minerals and heals the possible tectonically and lithostatically induced fractures. The third is ductile deformation of synclines in confined and deeper level as compared to brittle deformation of anticlines in relatively shallower level and unconfined condition during deformation. Consequently, these factors result in an inversion of topography by which synclines are remained as mountains (high topography) above surface during exhumation while erosion removes anticlines. The result of this study is applicable for geological, geomorphological, and structural mapping in highly deformed and deeply exhumed terrains. The possible prediction of geomorphological position of synclines and anticlines on the mountain peaks and valley bottoms respectively is the applicable result in the above terrains. 相似文献
15.
湖相沉积岩中的同生变形构造及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以渤海湾周缘地区的东濮凹陷下第三系沙三沙四段湖相沉积岩中出现的同生变形构造为例,讨论其命名、分类、主要类型、形成机理及其在分析古沉积环境、古地理和古构造等方面的意义。这项讨论为研究陆相含油气盆地的同生变形构造提供了对比依据。 相似文献
16.
煤岩是一种对温度、压力等地质环境因素十分敏感的有机岩,地质演化过程中的各种构造-热事件必然导致煤岩发生一系列物理与化学结构的变化,并形成不同类型的构造煤。在构造应力作用下,煤岩不仅发生脆性和韧性变形,而且还产生不同程度的动力变质作用。因而,关于煤岩构造变形与动力变质作用的研究不仅具有重要的科学意义,而且在煤层气资源评价以及煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测方面也具有重要的实际意义。文中在已有研究成果基础上,通过对构造煤系列Ro,max、XRD和NMR(CP/MAS+TOSS)等测试和实验方法的对比研究,深入分析了煤岩不同构造变形和动力变质特征,进一步探讨了构造应力下煤岩动力变质作用的机理。研究成果表明,在构造应力作用下,煤岩脆性变形主要是通过破裂面上快速机械摩擦转化为热能而引起煤岩化学结构与其成分的改变;而韧性变形煤主要是通过局部区域应变能的积累而引起煤岩化学结构的破坏,从而发生不同机制的动力变质作用。 相似文献
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18.
构造煤中煤层气扩散-渗流特征及其机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
煤层气产出一般要经过解吸、扩散和渗流三个阶段,而煤层气在变形较强的构造煤中的扩散过程不同于在原生结构煤或变形较弱的煤体中的扩散。外界压力的变化只是构造煤吸附与解吸整个过程的一种外在因素,构造煤的变形和结构变化以及吸附势场的转换才是构造煤吸附与解吸的内在因素,是导致解吸过程不可逆性的根本原因。当构造煤体与CH4等多元气体间的吸附平衡状态遭到破坏时,变形较强的构造煤在降压后会产生解吸滞后现象;而变形较弱的煤,分子结构中的气体会很快解吸,第一阶段是气体解吸作用,第二阶段是游离气体从微孔向较大孔隙扩散的过程,气体扩散速率主要由第二阶段决定。构造煤气体扩散机理主要是由孔隙形状、大小、连通性和多元气体性质和状态所决定的。韧性变形煤的微孔隙比较发达,所以韧性变形煤以Knudsen扩散为主,脆性变形煤的中、大孔隙所占比例较大,而且脆性变形煤的孔隙之间具有很好的连通性,所以脆性变形煤以Fick型扩散为主,脆-韧性变形煤以及接近脆-韧性变形煤的脆性变形煤和韧性变形煤均以过渡型扩散为主。在试井渗透率比较中,一定变形程度的脆性变形煤>韧性变形煤,脆性变形煤中以过渡孔为主,其余为微孔,测不出亚微孔和极微孔,脆性变形还增加了各孔隙之间的相互连通性。韧性变形煤中过渡孔比表面积所占比例下降,微孔和亚微孔增高,扩散主要发生在微孔和过渡孔中,所以韧性变形煤的试井渗透率低于脆性变形煤的试井渗透率。 相似文献
19.
Effects of dynamic recrystallization on lattice preferred orientation (LPO) in olivine were investigated through the combination of two SEM-based techniques, electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique for crystallographic orientation measurement and backscattered electron imaging (BEI) for dislocation observation. Samples are experimentally deformed olivine aggregates in simple shear geometry. In the sample deformed at T=1473 K and high stresses (480 MPa), only incipient dynamic recrystallization is observed along grain-boundaries. Orientations of these small recrystallized grains are more random than that of relict grains, suggesting an important role of grain-boundary sliding at this stage of recrystallization. In the sample deformed at T=1573 K and low stress (160 MPa), dynamic recrystallization is nearly complete and the LPO is characterized by two [100] peaks. One peak is located at the orientation subparallel to the shear direction and is dominated by grains with high Schmid factor. The other occurs at high angles to the shear direction and is due to the contribution from grains with low Schmid factor. Grains with high Schmid factor tend to have higher dislocation densities than those with low Schmid factor. Based on these observations, we identify two mechanisms by which dynamic recrystallization affects LPO: (1) enhancement of grain-boundary sliding due to grain-size reduction, leading to the modification of LPO caused by the relaxation of constraint for deformation; (2) grain-boundary migration by which grains with lower dislocation densities grow at the expense of grains with higher dislocation densities. Based on the deformation mechanism maps and stress versus recrystallized grain-size relation, we suggest that the first mechanism always plays an important role whereas the second mechanism has an important effect only under limited conditions. 相似文献
20.
A.M. Bell 《Journal of Structural Geology》1979,1(2):163-167
Strain analysis using deformed objects is already well established. The more sophisticated techniques can resolve tectonic strains and indicate the nature of any pre-tectonic fabric. Methods that analyse in two dimensions can produce problems of incomparability when results from three faces of one sample are combined.A method for factorizing finite, non-coaxial strains is presented which overcomes these problems by analysing in three dimensions. Published data from deformed lapilli tuff from the English Lake District have been used to test the method.Results are as valid as those obtained originally from the data, and the technique enables strain analysis to be extended to areas which give imprecise results using existing methods. 相似文献