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自然条件下锆石的稳定性对于合理解释锆石年龄及深入理解锆石同位素年代学有重要意义。本文对西南三江造山带高黎贡山和西盟地区的花岗质糜棱岩进行了显微构造和锆石U-Pb年代学研究。高黎贡山和西盟糜棱岩中主要造岩矿物长石、石英、云母发生了明显的变形和重结晶,而锆石则以独立晶体或以残留核的形式保存了原始的岩浆结构。高黎贡山和西盟糜棱岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为513±8 Ma和459±2 Ma,代表花岗质原岩的时代。受新生代构造变质影响,锆石边部发育有窄的海绵状结构和溶蚀结构,指示变质重结晶作用发生在有少量流体参与条件下。石英变质机制为颗粒边界迁移重结晶,指示变形温度为500~700°C。石英C组构EBSD分析表明,糜棱岩经历了早期550~650°C和晚期400~550°C的递进变形作用。岩石显微构造、锆石结构及年代学研究结果表明,岩石糜棱岩化过程中,还有少量流体参与的情况下,温度在550~650°C时锆石晶体结构就受到破坏,发生变质重结晶作用。这为解释自然界复杂条件下锆石年龄提供了重要约束。 相似文献
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在干湿循环作用下,片岩的抗剪性能劣化对片岩边坡长期稳定性具有重要影响.以鄂西北广泛分布的云母石英片岩为研究对象,通过开展一系列室内试验,揭示其抗剪性能劣化规律及机理.吸水性试验及直剪试验结果表明,云母石英片岩的吸水率随着干湿循环次数增加呈逐渐上升的趋势,抗剪强度及残余抗剪强度随干湿循环次数的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势,抗剪性能劣化效应明显.结合扫描电镜测试所得云母石英片岩微观结构变化规律,揭示其抗剪性能劣化机理：干湿循环作用下,云母石英片岩片理面逐渐扩展开裂,内部矿物颗粒强度软化,颗粒间胶结弱化,岩石骨架变得松散;粘聚力主要受矿物颗粒之间的胶结程度影响,劣化速率较快;内摩擦角主要受矿物颗粒嵌固程度和颗粒本身强度的影响,劣化速度相对较慢. 相似文献
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糜棱岩韧性变形发生的应变局部化过程,尤其是多相糜棱岩第二相对基质相变形的影响一直是显微构造研究难点.研究表明糜棱岩借助颗粒边界滑移实现多相混合,形成多矿物相集合体.在多相糜棱岩内,第二相在基质相颗粒边界施加齐纳阻力,牵制基质相颗粒边界的迁移速率,破坏基质相颗粒的动态平衡过程,使基质相颗粒位于古应力计对应的颗粒粒度以下,导致基质相整体的表面积增大,促进扩散交换过程,提高了扩散蠕变,降低了基质相位错蠕变和结晶学优选方位(CPO)形成的效率,使变形机制从颗粒粒径不敏感蠕变机制(GSI)过渡为颗粒粒径敏感蠕变机制(GSS).另外,多相糜棱岩内的第二相具有诱导应变局部化的效应,使塑性应变局部化更为强烈,引起物质强度的变化,进而引起岩石变形过程和岩石圈流变行为的改变.选取秦岭群花岗质糜棱岩进行多相矿物糜棱岩定量化研究,结果显示花岗质糜棱岩伴随着云母含量的增多以及各相混合程度的增大,石英的颗粒粒度明显减小,CPO强度显著降低,基质相显微变形受第二相控制逐渐增强. 相似文献
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论信阳地区珍珠云母的成因和意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
产于变余糜棱岩带中的原生珍珠云母首见于我国信阳地区。变余糜棱岩的矿物成分主要是珍珠云母、白色云母、十字石和石英,而且其中的珍珠云母、白色云母和十字石都呈变余残斑存在,所以,这些残斑矿物应是糜棱岩化前原岩中的原生变晶矿物。据实验资料,珍珠云母++字石+石英组合形成的温压条件为600—700MPa,560—650℃,fo_2=10~(-12)Pa。这正是一般含十字石和蓝晶石等变度带角闪岩相变质作用的温压条件。因此,珍珠云母++字石+石英组合完全可以成为角闪岩相变质作用的标志。 相似文献
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岩石中的石英矿物由于本身晶体缺陷以及微量杂质的存在而具有热释光现象.石英的热释光现象取决于该矿物晶体内陷阱所捕获电子的热逸出并与复合中心复合而发光的效率,这些陷阱电子严格受到地质环境中随时间、空间条件而变化的环境温度场和辐射场的制约,即陷阱中所捕获的电子数是辐射充填过程和受热逸出过程这两种作用平衡后的结果.虽然地质条件下的温度场和辐射场随时间、空间变化的复杂性,使得完全获得地质体的温度变化历史几乎不可能,但是在实验室条件下,采用模拟试验的方法研究石英矿物的热释光信号在不同温度-时间激活条件下的衰退规律,并由此近似推断矿物经历的温度变化历史,却是可行的方法之一.利用石英矿物的375℃热释光峰的等温衰退特性,探讨其应用于石英矿物受热历史的实验研究,就是这样一种尝试.研究认为,采用实验室内等温热激活(isothermal activation)的方法,研究石英矿物375℃热释光峰的等温衰退变化规律,有可能定量或者半定量获得石英矿物宿主岩石的受热历史信息. 相似文献
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云南个旧期北山七段玄武岩中磁黄铁矿结构变化分形特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
微观尺度上土壤孔隙、岩石孔洞缝、矿物组构的分形与多重分形研究受到广泛关注,典型的P-A(周长-面积)分形模型、盒子维数等也广泛应用于其中.云南个旧锡多金属矿床老厂期北山垂向上七段玄武岩发育完整,但对其形成机理及对成矿的贡献有较多的争议.这七层玄武岩中磁黄铁矿广泛发育.基于GIS的P-A分形模型研究磁黄铁矿颗粒的大小、颗粒的不规则性及空间分布特征,探讨磁黄铁矿这一标志性矿物在不同层段玄武岩中的变化情况,并为玄武岩的成因给出新的解释.结合盒子维数,分形分析结果显示,从第一段玄武岩到第七段玄武岩磁黄铁矿的面积分维DA和周长分维D,p总体保持不变的态势;而周长-面积分维DPA却有逐渐增大的趋势.DPA增大表明随着深度的增加,磁黄铁矿颗粒不规则性增强. 相似文献
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超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
柯石英是石英的高压同质多相变体，是超高压变质作用的产物，它是识别超高压变质作用的重要标志矿物。柯石英的发现表明了近地表的岩石随板块运动曾被俯冲至地下大于90km的深度并经受了超高压变质作用。研究柯石英→石英相变过程中的微结构变化，对进一步研究超高压变质作用的机理及超高压变质岩折返过程的动力学机制具有重要意义。本文简述了近年来有关超高压变质岩中柯石英→石英相变研究的一些进展。 相似文献
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NWA 11288 是一块2015 年发现的玄武岩质辉玻无球粒陨石,具有典型的次辉绿结构,主要由辉石(面积比68. 6%)和熔长石(面积比28. 1%)组成,含少量磷酸盐(面积比 1. 35%)、不透明矿物(面积比 1. 45%)和二氧化硅等副矿物.通过扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和拉曼光谱等实验分析方法,对NWA 11288 进行了岩相学、矿物学及冲击变质作用研究.基于辉石核部的Ti/Al 比值,推测其结晶压力为 930 MPa,结晶深度约为50 km,接近火星壳幔边界.NWA 11288 经历过强烈的冲击变质作用,其中长石全部熔长石化,发育冲击熔脉及熔融囊并出现重结晶的辉石和柯石英.柯石英具有一种前人未报道的新产状:以柯石英-石英-二氧化硅玻璃三相集合体共生,柯石英和石英主要分布在集合体的边部,包裹着核部的二氧化硅玻璃,指示柯石英是在卸压阶段从熔体中结晶形成,且在后续的卸压阶段部分柯石英转变为石英.此外,熔融囊中可见自形的斯石英形态的二氧化硅玻璃;粒间区域可见具有斯石英/赛石英典型特征的二氧化硅颗粒.这些冲击变质特征说明NWA 11288 经历的峰值温度至少为1600℃,峰值压力或可高达15～20 GPa.通过对比NWA 11288 和NWA 8657/8656 的岩石结构、矿物化学成分以及冲击变质特征,本文认为NWA 11288 很可能是NWA 8657/8656 的成对陨石. 相似文献
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Fractal Modelling of the Microstructure Property of Quartz Mylonite During Deformation Process 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Mylonite is the result of the dynamic metamorphism and minerals in mylonite are deformed gradually with an increase in the
degree of metamorphism. Quantifying the degree of deformation including the irregularities of shapes and the frequency distribution
of the minerals becomes one of the most challenging efforts in mylonite analysis. Fractal modelling has been demonstrated
in this paper to be an effective mean to achieve the above goal. Perimeter-Area fractal model was used to quantify the irregularities
in the geometries and Cumulative Number-Area model is used to characterize the irregularities of distribution of quartzs in
mylonites, respectively. Examples of quartz from five types of mylonites with different degree of deformation within the foreland
of the Moine Thrust Zone in NW Scotland are chosen to study the evolution processes of deformation. As the main mineral component
of quartzite mylonite, patterns are extracted from digital photomicrographics of the multiscale-grey image grid data to show
quartz grains with different degree of deformation, The areas and perimeters of the quartz grains were calculated by GIS-based
image processing technologies. From type one to type five, with an increase in degree of deformation, the corresponding Perimeter-Area
exponent increases from 1.20, 1.28, 1.38, 1.46, to 1.60, respectively, the fractal dimension of the perimeter from 1.07, 1.08, 1.17, 1.23, to 1.44, as well as the exponent of Cumulative Number- Area from 0.50, 0.51,
0.58, 0.82, to 0.85, respectively. The result has shown that as increase of the intensity of deformation, the shape of quartz
grains tends to be more irregular, grain size tends to be smaller, and the number of grains increases. The results obtained
using GSI model has indicated that as an increase in the intensity of deformation, the patterns of quartz grains tends to
be more stratified and randomness increases. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT In the Woodroffe Thrust mylonite zone, central Australia, recrystallization in plagioclase and K-feldspar involved subgrain rotation, assisted by grain-boundary or kink band boundary bulging, without contribution from a change in the chemical composition from host grains to new grains. The size of subgrains and new grains changes across the mylonite zone, apparently as a function of the strain rate and the H2O content of the rock. The partitioning of deformation into zones of progressive shearing and progressive shortening controls the sites of recovery and recrystallization in feldspar during mylonitization. The size of feldspar porphyroclasts in well developed mylonites is governed by the scale of deformation partitioning reached in the earlier stages of mylonitization, before the formation of a large proportion of fine-grained matrix that can accommodate the progressive shearing component of the deformation. Recrystallization occurs in microcline, apparently without involving a translation to a monoclinic structure, as microcline-twinned new grains are common adjacent to microcline-twinned host grains. K-feldspar triclinicity values calculated from XRD traces increase from the margins to the interior of the mylonite zone, in conjunction with deformation intensity. K-feldspar host grains locally have cores of orthoclase or untwinned microcline, surrounded by mantles of twinned microcline, suggesting a relationship between the presence of microcline twinning and the degree of K-feldspar triclinicity. 相似文献
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S. White 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1979,70(2):193-202
The results are reported of a combined optical and electron microscopy study of microstructural variations across a quartz
mylonite zone with increasing shear strain. The mylonite developed by recrystallization of the deformed quartz grains with
increasing shear strain. It was found in a given specimen that the size of recrystallized grains and of sub-grains were always
smaller in electron micrographs. The possible reasons for this are discussed. The size of both features decreased with increasing
shear strain irrespective of the microscope used. However the density of unbound dislocations remained constant. A marked
grain size reduction occurred in phyllosilicate rich layers. Variations in sub-grain size were observed within the relict
old grains which remained at low shear strains. These are thought to reflect stress intensification adjacent to grain boundaries
during deformation. The relict grains recrystallized at higher strains. Stresses were estimated from grain and sub-grain sizes
and from the dislocation density. The results indicate that estimates based on grain size are unreliable if phyllosilicates
inhibit the growth of grains during recrystallization, and that the dislocation densities are altered during uplift and are
unlikely to give meaningful estimates. It is also concluded that the microstructures reflect stress gradients present during
the formation of the mylonite, that is the initiation and propagation of the shear zone and that these were subsequently replaced
by strain rate gradients. 相似文献
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构造形变类型与金矿化类型的关系 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
含金构造形变类型决定或控制金矿化类型,深层次的韧性超韧性变莆为元素迁出区,一般不利于金矿化;韧性含金构造控制蚀变糜棱岩型金矿化,韧脆性变形含金构造控制构造蚀变岩型金矿化,脆性含金构造控制石英脉型金矿化。对于韧性剪切带和未来发生叠加蚀变矿化的糜棱岩来说,往往是构造变形越强,金元素含量越低。但在蚀变糜棱岩型金矿床中,已经叠加蚀变矿化的糜棱岩若幅度,石英变形机制与金矿富集程度都有密切的关系,而且含金构造 相似文献
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Feldspar grain-size reduction occurred due to the fracturing of plagioclase and K-feldspar, myrmekite formation and neocrystallization of albitic plagioclase along shear fractures of K-feldspar porphyroclasts in the leucocratic granitic rocks from the Yecheon shear zone of South Korea that was deformed under a middle greenschist-facies condition. The neocrystallization of albitic plagioclase was induced by strain energy adjacent to the shear fractures and by chemical free energy due to the compositional disequilibrium between infiltrating Na-rich fluid and host K-feldspar. With increasing deformation from protomylonite to mylonite, alternating layers of feldspar, quartz and muscovite developed. The fine-grained feldspar-rich layers were deformed dominantly by granular flow, while quartz ribbons were deformed by dislocation creep. With layer development and a more distributed strain in the mylonite, lower stresses in the quartz-rich layers resulted in a larger size of dynamically recrystallized quartz grains than that of the protomylonite. 相似文献
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U. Ring 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1998,86(4):786-801
This study explores the state of finite strain and changes in the mean kinematic vorticity number, grain size, whole-rock chemistry and mineralogy across an upper amphibolite-facies shear zone in a metadiorite, northern Malawi, east-central Africa. P–T conditions during shear-zone formation and deformation were approximately 700–750?°C and 5–7?kbar and are slightly less than P–T conditions for the regional peak of metamorphism. The major rock-forming minerals, plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, and quartz, were deformed by crystal-plastic processes accompanied by, except for hornblende, dynamic recrystallization. The modal abundance of all four major rock-forming minerals shows no systematic change from the country rock into and across the shear zone, indicating that shear-zone development was not associated with retrograde mineral reactions. The grain size of the major rock-forming minerals decreases within the shear zone. Plagioclase and hornblende, which occur as porphyroblasts outside the shear zone, exhibit a bimodal grain-size distribution within the shear zone. Quartz has a unimodal grain-size distribution in the shear zone. Major and trace element chemistry does not change systematically across the shear zone, implying no volume change in the mylonite. Matrix strain data for plagioclase and hornblende by the Fry method and fabric strain as deduced from Rf/φ analysis of plagioclase and quartz grains demonstrate a slightly constrictional strain type (K≈1.5) across the shear zone. The quantitative finite-strain data for the different residual minerals as obtained by unlike methods show no systematic variation, but recrystallized plagioclase grains record higher strain than the residual grains. The mean kinematic vorticity number changes from approximately 0.3 outside to approximately 0.8 within the shear zone, indicating that the bulk deformation path deviated from progressive simple shear. The estimates for finite strain and the degree of noncoaxiality account for approximately 50% of thinning normal to the shear zone. 相似文献
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Liheng Sun Xiaolong Huang Yingde Jiang Joann Miriam Stock 《International Geology Review》2020,62(7-8):1094-1107
ABSTRACT In order to investigate the thinning process of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, petrographic and microstructural analysis were carried out on 20 greenschistfacies mylonite samples, which were obtained from Site U1504 of IODP Expedition 367/368 in the Outer Margin High of the region. The mineral assemblage of the greenschist-facies mylonite is chlorite + epidotite + albite (Ab = 94.7–99.9) + quartz, which contains 10-30% gravel components. Microstructural analysis indicates that the greenschist-facies mylonite experienced two episodes of deformation：early ductile deformation followed by a later stage of brittle deformatio. Both episodes of deformation suggest an extensional environment. The extensive development of bulging recrystallization (BLG) of quartz, microscopic fractures and fine granulation of albite suggest that the temperature of ductile deformation is about 300-400°C, compatiable with a ductile shearing at shallow crust levels (~5-10 km). Petrographic features suggest that the greenschist-facies mylonite might originate from volcanic sedimentary rocks or sedimentary rocks affected by the intrusion of mafic magma. Combined with seismic interpretation, we propose that the greenschist-facies mylonite might be formed by crustal exhumation after thick Mesozoic sediments were denuded by a major extension. 相似文献
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We use new (micro-)structural, petrofabric, strain and vorticity data to analyze the deformation path in a mesoscopic quartz mylonite zone. The mylonite zone resulted from the complete transposition of a stretching lineation-parallel isoclinal fold. Symmetric cleft-girdle quartz c-axis fabrics were recorded in the middle domain, which occupies the inner limbs of the precursor isoclinal fold, while asymmetric cleft- and crossed-girdle fabrics were observed in the upper and lower domains that represent the outer limbs. Constrictional strain, with increasing k values towards the middle domain, is inferred from petrofabric and 3D strain data. Oblique grain shape fabrics yield vorticity estimates of 0.72–0.90 in the zone. However, in the middle domain, pure shear dominated deformation is suggested by orthorhombic crystallographic fabrics. Strain rate is constant throughout the zone; a strain decrease towards the zone center implies that deformation ceased earlier in the middle domain. The data indicates that fold transposition and subsequent mylonitization started as pure-shear-dominated constrictional deformation and progressively changed to simple-shear-dominated, plane strain. During this flow path the asymmetric quartz c-axis fabrics likely developed by depopulation of cleft-girdle maxima rather than from the synthetic rotation of fabric maxima itself. 相似文献