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1.
通过2010年夏季在李村河口潮滩区3个站位的采样分析,研究了孔隙水营养盐的分布特征,并利用Fick第一定律估算了沉积物-水界面间营养盐的扩散通量。结果表明,孔隙水营养盐在不同站位间质量浓度不同,呈现出自河口上游向下游逐渐降低的分布趋势。NH4+-N质量浓度为26.21~53.10 mg/L,是孔隙水中营养盐的主要组分。沉积物中有机物的降解反应主要在还原状态下进行,营养盐质量浓度在垂向上的变化受有机质含量及沉积物氧化还原环境改变的综合影响。除NO3--N外其他营养盐均由沉积物向上覆水体扩散,沉积物是底层水体营养盐的重要来源。 相似文献
2.
长江口及其邻近海域孔隙水地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对长江口沉积物有机碳、总氮、总磷、Fe、Mn、AI及孔隙水和上覆水体中营养盐、Fe、Mn的含量进行了测试,结合早期成岩模型及地球化学热力学分析,探讨了在河口环境中影响孔隙水营养盐和Fe、Mn分布的主要因素,并对沉积物-水界面营养盐扩散通量进行了估算。结果表明,孔隙水中NH4^＋、NO3^-、PO3^4、H4SiO4和Fe、Mn的含量显著高于上覆水体。早期成岩过程是控制长江口沉积物孔隙水营养盐和Fe、Mn分布的主要因素。NH^4＋剖面暗示长江口近岸和远岸海域存在两类不同的生物地球化学过程。孔隙水Fe、Mn剖面暗示在河口环境中其是有机质降解的重要电子受体。在近岸海域MnO2可能是底部NH4^＋ -N移除的重要机制。长江口孔隙水中低磷酸盐与铁及沉积物中磷的形态有关。通量计算结果显示NH4^＋、NO3^-、PO4^3-、地SiO4、Fe和Mn向上覆水体扩散的通量分别为356—3074μmol／（m2·d）、-45．3～62．6μmol／（m2·d）、-0．3～1．7μmol／（m^2·d）、323—3172μmol／（m^2·d）、3．0～10．5μmol／（m^2·d）和35．7～439．5μmol／（m^2·d）。N、P、Si界面通量对上覆水体浮游生物所需营养盐的贡献分别为0．19％～1．65％、0．13％～0．14％和1．2％～12．2％,因此在考虑长江口区域浮游生物所需营养的来源时,沉积物-水界面营养盐扩散通量可以忽略。 相似文献
3.
无机水化学离子在实验流域降雨径流过程中的响应及其示踪意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究无机水化学离子在降雨径流示踪中的可能性,在实验流域实测降雨、地面径流、壤中流、地下水径流过程和流域内17个测孔的地下水过程中,施测了Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Cl-,SO42-,HCO3-+CO32-,NO3-,F-,NH4-,PO42-,SiO2和pH,EC,18O的同步过程,还施测了少数土壤水水样。结果是:①在Ca2+与Cl-/SO42-和EC与Na+/(Na++Ca2+)的关系中以及除NO3-,NH4-,PO42-外的所有离子,都可识别出上述各种径流组分;②径流离子过程均与降雨离子过程相仿,随径流组分从地面到地下而渐趋坦化;③除个例外,离子浓度过程均以降雨为最小并从地面径流到地下水径流渐次增大;④降雨和地下水离子过程表现为径流离子过程的两端元;⑤在降雨和各径流组分中,18O过程与大部分离子过程有一定的同步性。从以上结果认为,降雨并不是流域径流离子输出的主要来源,然而却是形成它的主要控制因素。此外,有关试验结果还对应用Cl-进行地下水补给的估算方法提出了问题。 相似文献
4.
赤道东北太平洋表层沉积物间隙水中营养盐的剖面分布及其海底扩散通量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对赤道东北太平洋海域表层沉积物间隙水中硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐等营养盐的剖面分布三个航次的研究表明,研究区在采样深度内沉积物中有机质的分解以硝化作用为主.在水-沉积物界面附近硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐都存在着极陡的浓度梯度, Fick扩散定理的计算结果表明,研究区内硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐的海底扩散通量分别为- 886.45～ 42.62 μ mol/(m2· d)、- 3.04～ 5.83 μ mol/(m2· d)和- 189.43～ 21.05 μ mol/(m2· d),且硅酸盐和硝酸盐主要是从沉积物向底层水体扩散,是底层水体营养盐的来源之一;研究区内硅酸盐、磷酸盐和硝酸盐的海底扩散通量存在着一定的时间和空间变化, 这可能与因全球气候变化而导致的沉积环境的改变有关. 相似文献
5.
NHx（NH3和NH4+）是大气中主要的碱性物质,NHx干沉降是大气中NHx移除的重要途径之一。本研究于2019年8月11日至31日在江西省南昌市东华理工大学分昼夜采集了大气NHx干沉降样本(包括颗粒铵(NH+4（p）)和气态氨(NH3（g）)),测定了干沉降样本的NH4+离子浓度、δ15N-NH4+和pH,基于干沉降样品中NHx浓度估算了大气中NHx干沉降通量。结果显示,白天NHx干沉降通量(0.2～25.9μg/（m2·h）,均值14.2±10.0μg/（m2·h）)低于夜晚(0.9～50.2μg/（m2·h）,均值23.1±1... 相似文献
6.
关于西太平洋海山区深水盆地海水和孔隙水的地球化学特征,及其对该海域多金属结核生成的影响的研究至今仍比较缺乏.对西太平洋海山区的深海盆地进行海水和孔隙水的系统采样,分析了海水的化学特征以及海水和孔隙水的微量元素特征.结果显示:海水的DO和pH随水深增加呈逐渐下降再上升的趋势,而SiO32-、NO3-和PO43-的变化特征与其相反;微量元素在海水中的变化特征与上述营养盐相似,海水-沉积物界面表现出溶解态微量元素含量的极大富集,而在3~5 cm处的微弱上升可能与自生物质分解有关.以上表明大洋底层海水金属元素的富集与生物作用相关,是导致普遍氧化的表层沉积物之上多金属结核富集的主控因素;相对于其他海域,研究区域碎屑物质溶解产生的Sc、Cr、Ni、Pb以及大量的Cu、Co等金属元素可能对结核的生长起到重要的促进作用. 相似文献
7.
在野外实验基地进行的含氮污水灌溉实验工作基础上,分析了污灌过程中氮化合物在土壤及地下水中迁移转化规律.研究结果表明,污灌对下层土壤及地下水中NH4+浓度影响较小,但对NO3-浓度影响较大,尤其是长期进行污灌的土壤,易造成地下水中NO3-污染.利用本文推导的数学模型,可以定量预测污水灌溉后土壤水及地下水中NH4+、NO3-浓度的时空变化.采用Monte-Carlo法,进行含氮污水灌溉污染风险分析,结果表明,进入地下水的NO3--N最大浓度超过污灌水NO3--N浓度0.76倍的可能性为25%、超过污灌水NO3--N浓度0.43倍的可能性为75%,污灌造成的地下水NO3-污染风险必须引起注意. 相似文献
8.
以苏州市古城区劣Ⅴ类水体为研究对象,利用模拟试验方法,研究和探讨了水体环境条件(DO、Eh、pH值、温度)变化和疏浚深度对河道底泥氮释放的影响.底泥供试样中NH4+-N与NO3--N含量一般为0.277 g/kg与0.0012g/kg,上覆水体NH4+-N与NO3--N含量一般为6.743 mg/L与1.500 mg/L.试验结果表明:厌氧环境(DO<0.5 mg/L)、强还原环境(Eh<-108 mV)、酸性环境(pH<6.0)及温度升高均有利于底泥中NH4+-N的释放,NO3--N的迁移转化规律则相反;供试样控制疏浚深度5 cm、10 cm、15 cm、20 cm,当疏浚深度15 cm时,泥-水界面向上覆水体中扩散的氮通量最小;疏浚深度、DO和Eh对底泥NH4+-N释放程度的影响大于pH和温度,通过曝气等方式保持水体中适当的溶解氧或使底泥保持较强的氧化电位环境可以有效抑制底泥中NH4+-N的释放. 相似文献
9.
为揭示洞穴系统中SO42-和NO3-离子来源及其对洞穴碳酸盐溶解的影响,通过对麻黄洞6个水点自2018年8月至2019年7月进行为期一个完整水文年的系统监测,对于监测结果进行综合分析.结果表明:（1）麻黄洞洞穴水水化学类型为HCO3-Ca·Mg以及HCO3·SO4-Ca·Mg型;（2）通过实地调查与元素比值法综合分析可知,麻黄洞NO3-与SO42-各水点来源存在一定差异,其中麻黄洞NO3-主要源于农业活动和大气N沉降,而SO42-主要以农业活动、石膏溶解为主要来源,SO42-和NO3-均参与了岩溶作用,加速了基岩的溶蚀,这一过程主要受离子浓度、径流大小以及补给模式影响;（3）基于水化学计量法和稳定同位素技术估算可知,SO42-和NO3-洞穴水DIC的贡献为0.05~0.61,释放DIC的同时改变了水中离子浓度,对于岩溶作用形成扰动,总体呈现出旱季>雨季、滴水>裂隙水的特征.同样,由于岩溶区的复杂和不可知,在对其进行系统研究时应当注重多种方法的结合与比较,提高研究精度与可信度. 相似文献
10.
为了识别石家庄市南部污灌区地下水硝酸盐污染来源, 采集5种潜在污染源和19组地下水样用于化学和氮同位素分析.灌溉污水NH4+的δ15N值较低(4.0‰), 施化肥土壤和粪堆下土壤NO3-的δ15N值分别为1.4‰和12.4‰; 仅施厩肥的蔬菜种植区下伏近30 m厚包气带沉积物NO3-的δ15N分布显示, 来自动物粪便的NO3-已运移到11.5 m以下包气带, 均值10.9‰; 污水灌溉农田下伏厚层包气带沉积物样品分析结果指示, 土壤层下伏包气带沉积物δ15N值变幅较小, 均值5.7‰.污灌区内除一深井外, 其他水井地下水硝酸盐浓度变化在52.6~124.5 mg/L之间, 均值79.72 mg/L, δ15N值变化在5.3‰~8.3‰之间, 均值7.0‰.污灌区地下水的δ15N值较污灌区土壤层下伏包气带沉积物的δ15N值高, 表明地下水NO3-除了来自灌溉的污水外, 还有δ15N值更高的其他来源, 这些来源主要是人和动物粪便.利用线性混合模型计算, 污灌区地下水NO3-来自灌溉的污水, 约占76%, 而来自人和动物粪便的NO3-约占24%.为控制污灌区地下水NO3-浓度进一步增长, 不仅要加强污水灌溉管理, 还要加强人和动物粪便的管理. 相似文献
11.
Z. Yang W. Guo Y. Fan C. Lin M. He 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(2):275-282
The remobilization of iron, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, copper and zinc in the pore water of estuarine sediment cores at Yingkou was assessed using diffusive equilibrium in thin films and diffusive gradients in thin films techniques. A relatively anoxic system (+33.7 to ?224.1 mV) in the sediment cores might cause the reductive release of iron, manganese and cobalt into pore water from the estuarine sediment. High-average concentrations of iron (47.85 μg ml?1) and manganese (3.81 μg ml?1) were observed using diffusive equilibrium in thin films on the sediment core, but the concentration of cobalt (18.02 ng ml?1) was relatively low. A strong correlation between iron and cobalt was observed based on the vertical profiles of the metals. Manganese and iron were more readily released from the solid phase to the solution. The peak cobalt, copper and zinc concentrations were observed in the upper layer (2–4 cm) measured using diffusive gradients in thin films. However, the peak iron, manganese and cobalt concentrations were located in the deeper layer (≥7 cm). In addition, the concentration profiles measured using diffusive gradients in thin films of cobalt, copper and zinc were independent of the iron, manganese and cobalt distribution with respect to depth. 相似文献
12.
Mercury speciation and distribution in Aha Reservoir which was contaminated by coal mining activities in Guiyang, Guizhou, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Xinbin Feng Weiyang Bai Lihai ShangTianrong He Guangle QiuHaiyu Yan 《Applied Geochemistry》2011,26(2):213-221
Two sampling campaigns were carried out in March and August 2005 representing dry and wet seasons, respectively, to investigate the distribution patterns of Hg species in the water column and sediment profiles at two sampling stations in Aha Reservoir located in Guiyang, Southwestern China. Aha Reservoir has been contaminated by Hg due to small scale coal mining activities. Mercury concentrations in both water and sediment were elevated. A clearly seasonal variation of dissolved Hg (DHg), particulate Hg (PHg) and total Hg (THg) concentrations in the water column was observed. The concentrations of these Hg species in the wet season were significantly higher than in the dry season. Runoff input and diffusion of Hg from sediments could be the reasons for elevated concentrations of these Hg species in the wet season. The contaminated sediment is acting as a secondary contamination source for both inorganic Hg (IHg) and methylmercury (MeHg) to the overlying water. The cycling of Mn in the sediment governs the diffusion process of IHg to the water column. In the dry season (winter and spring), Mn occurs as MnO2 because the uppermost part of sediment is in an oxic condition and Hg ions are absorbed by MnO2. In the wet season (summer and fall), the uppermost part of the sediment profile is in a reduced condition because of stratification of the water column and MnO2 is reduced to Mn2+, which results in transformation of Hg2+ into porewater as Mn2+ became soluble. This causes a higher diffusive flux of IHg from sediment to overlying water in the wet season. Both sampling stations showed a consistent trend that THg concentrations decreased in the uppermost part of sediment cores. This demonstrated that the measures taken to reduce ADM contamination to Aha Reservoir also reduced Hg input to the reservoir. Methyl Hg diffusive fluxes from sediment to overlying water were higher in the wet season than the dry season demonstrating that high temperatures favor Hg methylation processes in sediment. 相似文献
13.
A method was developed to measure porosity and dissolved interstitial silicate at millimeter intervals or less in a sediment core. In cores from Emerald Basin (Scotian Shelf), interstitial concentrations near the sediment surface did not drop rapidly to bottom-water concentrations as measured in bottle casts (28 μM) but remained as high as 166 μM in the upper 0.5 mm of sediment High rates of benthic silicate release were measured which could not be accounted for by interstitial concentration gradients or by ventilation of macro-invertebrate burrows. The silicate discontinuity observed between the sediments and water column suggests that a diffusive sublayer exists in a zone of viscous flow above the sediment surface. This is possible only if a surface reaction is primarily responsible for silicate release. By assuming a linear concentration gradient across this diffusive sublayer, the silicate release rates were used to estimate the thickness of the sublayer to be about 2 mm. 相似文献
14.
Jolita Petkuviene Mindaugas Zilius Irma Lubiene Tomas Ruginis Gianmarco Giordani Arturas Razinkovas-Baziukas Marco Bartoli 《Estuaries and Coasts》2016,39(5):1386-1402
The availability of reactive phosphorus (P) may promote cyanobacterial blooms, a worldwide increasing phenomenon. Cyanobacteria may also regulate benthic P cycling through labile organic input to sediments, favouring reduced conditions and P release, ultimately acting as self-sustainment mechanism for the phytoplankton blooms. To analyse P–cyanobacteria feedbacks and compare external versus internal loads, we investigated P cycling in the Curonian Lagoon, a freshwater estuary with recurrent summer blooms. At two sites representing the dominant sediment types, we characterised P pools and mobility, via combined pore water analysis, calculation of diffusive exchanges and flux measurements via sediment core incubations. Annual P budgets were also calculated, to analyse the whole lagoon role as net sink or source. Muddy sediments, representing nearly 50 % of the lagoon surface, displayed higher P content if compared with sandy sediments, and most of this pool was reactive. The muddy site had consequently higher pore water dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations maintaining high diffusive gradients. However, measured fluxes suggested that both sediment types were mostly P sinks except for a large DIP regeneration (nearly 30 μmol m?2 h?1) recorded at the muddy site during an intense cyanobacteria bloom. Such internal regeneration had the same order of magnitude as the annual external P load and may offset the net annual DIP sink role of the estuary. It may also prolong the duration of the bloom. Our results suggest that positive feedbacks can regulate N-fixing cyanobacteria blooms and internal P recycling, through either diffusive fluxes or sediment settling and resuspension. 相似文献
15.
扩散边界层是水环境沉积物与上覆水之间物质交换的必经区。通过无风和有风条件下两组沉积物盐分释放实验,研究海湾水库砂质沉积物-水界面扩散边界层的形成情况,并通过水动力扰动下穿过扩散边界层的实测盐分通量与Fick第一定律理论计算通量的比较,以及扰动与无扰动时通量的比较,探讨扩散边界层对沉积物盐分释放的影响。研究结果表明,在稳定风场条件下,沉积物-水界面处存在厚度约3.5 cm的扩散边界层,有风条件下的界面盐分交换通量略大于无风时的通量;分子扩散是边界层内盐分运移的主要机制,扩散边界层对沉积物盐分释放具有阻滞作用,并且边界层越厚,阻滞效应越显著。另外,由于扩散边界层的存在,限制了水动力对沉积物与上覆水之间物质交换的增强作用,所以海湾水库沉积物中蓄积盐分对上覆水的影响将是长期的过程。 相似文献
16.
Nguyen Manh Thang Volker Brüchert Michael Formolo Gunter Wegener Livija Ginters Bo Barker Jørgensen Timothy G. Ferdelman 《Estuaries and Coasts》2013,36(1):98-115
Three sediment stations in Himmerfjärden estuary (Baltic Sea, Sweden) were sampled in May 2009 and June 2010 to test how low salinity (5–7 ‰), high primary productivity partially induced by nutrient input from an upstream waste water treatment plant, and high overall sedimentation rates impact the sedimentary cycling of methane and sulfur. Rates of sediment accumulation determined using 210Pbexcess and 137Cs were very high (0.65–0.95 cm?year?1), as were the corresponding rates of organic matter accumulation (8.9–9.5 mol C?m?2?year?1) at all three sites. Dissolved sulfate penetrated <20 cm below the sediment surface. Although measured rates of bicarbonate methanogenesis integrated over 1 m depth were low (0.96–1.09 mol?m?2?year?1), methane concentrations increased to >2 mmol?L?1 below the sulfate–methane transition. A steep gradient of methane through the entire sulfate zone led to upward (diffusive and bio-irrigative) fluxes of 0.32 to 0.78 mol?m?2?year?1 methane to the sediment–water interface. Areal rates of sulfate reduction (1.46–1.92 mol?m?2?year?1) integrated over the upper 0–14 cm of sediment appeared to be limited by the restricted diffusive supply of sulfate, low bio-irrigation (α?=?2.8–3.1 year?1), and limited residence time of the sedimentary organic carbon in the sulfate zone. A large fraction of reduced sulfur as pyrite and organic-bound sulfur was buried and thus escaped reoxidation in the surface sediment. The presence of ferrous iron in the pore water (with concentrations up to 110 μM) suggests that iron reduction plays an important role in surface sediments, as well as in sediment layers deep below the sulfate–methane transition. We conclude that high rates of sediment accumulation and shallow sulfate penetration are the master variables for biogeochemistry of methane and sulfur cycling; in particular, they may significantly allow for release of methane into the water column in the Himmerfjärden estuary. 相似文献
17.
Exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls between sediment and water in the Hudson River estuary 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) measured at several sites in the lower Hudson River Estuary are above equilibrium with the overlying water, providing a thermodynamic driving force for exchange from sediment to water. The fluxes of PCB congeners are estimated for a number potential processes: diffusive release of dissolved and colloidal PCBs from the bed, resuspension and subsequent desorption from resuspended particles, and sediment accumulation and burial. All processes are potentially significant, at least for some congeners. The sediment exchange fluxes of PCB solutes for five sites between Governors Island and Haverstraw Bay are estimated to be 20–860 μm m?2 d?1, which is between 2 and 100 times more than the flux of dissolved PCBs coming down the river at Haverstraw Bay. Much of the exchange from sediment to water may be balanced by burial of sorbed PCBs by sediment accumulation. Advection down the river and sediment exchange dominate other potential sources of PCBs to the lower estuary under current loading conditions. The magnitude of the calculated fluxes is consistent with the nonconservative behavior of PCBs in the same region but is higher than earlier modeling estimates that employed different assumptions. 相似文献
18.
Gwénaëlle Chaillou Jörg Schäfer Gilbert Lavaux 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2003,67(16):2993-3003
We have studied particulate and dissolved arsenic species in sediment and porewaters at sites in the Bay of Biscay, France, ranging in depths from 150 to 2,800 m. At all stations, major redox species (oxygen, nitrate, ammonia, total and reactive iron and manganese, sulphate and sulphur) reflect early diagenetic depth sequences of redox reactions comparable to other marine environments. Vertical distributions of dissolved and particulate As species and major redox species are related to changes in redox conditions and their major carrier phases, such as Fe and Mn-oxides. Arsenic diagenesis appears strongly dependent on Fe cycling. A subsurface maximum of dissolved As and surface enrichment of particulate As correspond to dissolution and precipitation of Fe (III) phases. Except for the shallowest and most bioturbated site, flux calculations show three different vertical diffusive As fluxes: two upwards and one downwards. Phase changes of recycled As result in local accumulations of reactive As at different redox fronts. Mass-balance calculations indicate that the upward As flux toward the oxidized layer can explain the enrichment of HCl extractable particulate As in this layer. A portion of the upward diffusing As can escape the sediment and may be fixed onto settling Fe-oxides by adsorption or co-precipitation and contribute to reactive particulate As input (i.e., As is recycled across the water sediment interface). 相似文献
19.
Trace element and REE composition of a low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal spring 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C.Geoffrey Wheat Michael J. MottlMark Rudnicki 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(21):3693-3705
Warm (25°C) hydrothermal springs have been sampled on Baby Bare, a basaltic outcrop on 3.5-Ma-old crust ∼100-km east of the Endeavor Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The source for these springs is a 62 to 64°C formation water that has cooled conductively as it ascends to feed the springs. This water originated as bottom seawater that probably descended into basement ∼52 km to the southwest at another, much larger outcrop called Grizzly Bare. As this seawater flows towards Baby Bare, it is heated and altered by reactions within basaltic basement and by diffusive fluxes to and from the overlying sediment. Concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Mo in the spring waters are greater than in bottom seawater, indicating that the oceanic crust is a source for these elements to the oceans. At least a portion of this increase probably results from the redox cycling of Mn in sedimentary sources near the basement interface that produces a diffusive flux to basement formation waters. Additional removal of Mo and inputs of the other five elements to two of the three springs are observed locally near sites of venting, where density gradients can form shallow circulation cells within the sediment and diffusive exchange occurs. Concentrations of Cu, U, V, Y, and the rare earth elements (REEs, excluding Ce) in these samples are less than in bottom seawater, indicating that the oceanic crust is a net sink for these elements in this environment. Copper is probably removed into newly formed carbonate and/or sulfide phases. Removal of the oxyanions U and V is consistent with a net removal of phosphate demonstrated previously for ridge-flank hydrothermal systems. Similarly, removal of Y and the REEs is associated with carbonate, phosphate-rich, and oxide phases. Calculated maximum global chemical fluxes from “warm” ridge-flank hydrothermal systems such as Baby Bare are insignificant relative to riverine fluxes for these elements, except possibly for Mn and Mo. The impact on global geochemical budgets for these elements from lower temperature (<25°C) alteration on ridge flanks is still unknown, but it may well be larger than for warm ridge flanks. 相似文献
20.
依据渭河上游实测水文资料和水利水保措施统计数据， 分析了流域水文要素和水利水保措施的变化规律。根据双累积曲线、 有序聚类、 Lee-Heghinan、 滑动T检验等方法， 结合流域内水利水保措施的变化， 将研究期分为基准期（1956 - 1981年）和措施期（1982 - 2016年）。采用水量平衡法， 分析还原了河流天然径流量和输沙量， 评价了水利工程取用耗水的减水减沙作用； 分别建立拟合了基准期和措施期年径流量、 年输沙量与年降水量的相关公式， 分析计算了措施期的减水减沙效应。结果表明： 基准期主要为水利工程减水减沙， 分别减水6.8%， 减沙3.9%； 措施期综合减水效应42.9%， 综合减沙效应76.5%， 水保措施减水减沙效应大于水利工程减水减沙效应， 综合减沙效应大于综合减水效应。 相似文献