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新化高桥玄武质富钛古火山岩研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高桥玄武质火山岩是一个化学成分独特的富钛基性火山岩。属震旦纪海底喷发的拉斑玄武岩,化学成分以富含TiO_2、MgO、Fe_2O_3+FeO特征。本文通过多方论证后指出:伴生的变辉绿岩属火山颈相,Ti的富集是蚀变作用的结果。 相似文献
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柴达木盆地周边火山岩十分发育,形成巨大的环状火山岩带。本文着重于研究火山岩的时空分布、产出古地理环境、以及它们的岩石学和岩石化学,以指出其产出构造环境和演化地质历史。根据火山成矿作用与铜多金属等矿产的密切关系和该区火山岩含矿特征,探讨了其含矿可能性。 相似文献
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大兴安岭南段三叠纪基性火山岩时代与构造环境 总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9
应用火山岩锆石U-Pb LA-ICPMAS法和基质Ar-Ar法定年,表明大兴安岭南段存在三叠纪玄武质岩石,其年龄为214～250Ma。主量和微量元素地球化学反映三叠纪火山岩为亚碱性和低K拉斑玄武岩系列,部分岩石具岛弧火山岩地球化学性质,但主要呈造山后伸展环境下的岩浆活动特征。Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成说明三叠纪基性火山岩岩浆源区主要为岩石圈地幔,但局部地区有软流圈物质加入;岩浆演化过程受部分熔融和分离结晶作用控制,并有少量地壳物质的混染。综合研究表明三叠纪大兴安岭南段处于中亚造山带后造山伸展阶段,基性岩浆形成于软流圈上涌诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,拉斑玄武岩和辉绿玢岩脉即为伸张条件下基性岩浆活动的产物。结合区域构造演化,本文推测西拉木伦河-长春-延吉缝合带可能具有西段造山和造山后伸张作用稍早于东段的特征。 相似文献
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碧口群不同岩片火山岩微量元素组成差异与古构造意义 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
对碧口群内部大茅坪和筏子坝2个岩片变火山岩微量元素的研究表明,二者在岩石组合、源区组成及产出的构造环境等方面均存在系统差异。大茅坪岩片主要由偏碱性与非碱性的玄武质岩石组成,二者分别具有类似OIB和MORB的微量元素组成,起源于相对富集和相对亏损的地幔,并受到陆源物质不同程度的混染。偏碱性与非碱性的玄武质岩石分别显示板内火山岩（WPB）与洋脊玄武岩（MORB）的属性,表明大茅坪岩片火山岩主要形成于裂谷－有限洋盆环境。筏子坝岩片由玄武质与中酸性火山岩组成,岩石化学显示明显的“双峰式”组成特征,二者分别具有类似MORB和壳源岩石的微量元素组成,为亏损地幔与壳源岩石部分熔融的产物,形成于大陆裂谷环境。根据不同火山岩构造属性及组合特征,推断碧口群主要形成于陆内裂谷－有限洋盆构造环境。 相似文献
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藏北羌塘南部地区基性岩墙与玄武岩的岩浆同源性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
青藏高原羌塘南部地区沿龙木错－双湖缝合带南侧成群分布着近东西向的基性岩墙,形成时代为晚石炭世—早二叠世,其围岩是以晚石炭世—早二叠世裂谷型沉积为主并夹有基性火山岩的浅变质岩系。基性火山岩夹层的数量和厚度有由北向南由多变少的趋势。基性岩墙的岩石类型主要为辉绿岩,火山岩以玄武岩为主,玄武安山岩次之。基性岩墙与基性火山岩在空间上密切共生,形成于大致相同的地质时期内。二者均经历了低绿片岩相变质作用,且化学成分相近,稀土元素、微量元素组成均与板内玄武岩具有相似的特点。初步判定羌塘南部地区基性岩墙群与基性火山岩来自同一岩浆源,为晚石炭世—早二叠世冈瓦纳大陆北缘裂解的产物。 相似文献
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苏北盆地溱潼凹陷发育大量的浅层侵入岩,其侵入岩主要为辉绿岩,在辉绿岩邻近的泥岩易受到温度的影响发生变质作用,形成泥岩变质带。根据资料显示,泥岩变质带较常见的岩石主要有两种类型:板岩、角岩,两种岩石的孔隙和裂缝较发育,其中角岩物性相对较好。变质带的变质程度与其距辉绿岩的远近有关,距辉绿岩越近,变质带变质的程度越深,其储集条件就越好,反之相反。变质带的孔隙类型主要有溶蚀孔、晶间孔、微裂缝、收缩缝和溶蚀缝等,其中裂缝作为变质带的主要储集空间。辉绿岩变质带可作为油气聚集的有利场所,勘探远景广阔,重视对这类新型油气藏的研究探索能为火山岩相关油气藏新增亮点。 相似文献
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早元古代滹沱群变玄武岩岩石地球化学及构造环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
早元古代滹沱群存在先后两期火山岩，早期青石村组变玄武岩呈灰黑色，致密块状构造，主要岩类为玄武岩，部分为玄武安山岩，玄武粗安岩，具有与火山弧玄武相似的成分特点；晚期河边村组变玄武岩呈灰绿色。片理发育，主要岩类为碱玄岩为碧玄岩。具有典型板内玄武岩的成分特点。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地岛弧火山岩地体拼合基底的地球化学证据 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
准噶尔盆地基底火山岩主要岩石类型为玄武岩和安山岩，并有部分英安岩和流纹岩。火山岩的微量元素地幔标准化模式显示LREE弱富集，（La/Yb)N变化于1．9－5．23之间，高场强元素Nb、Ta相对于大离子亲石元素的亏损较明显，具俯冲带火山岩的典型特征。Nd-Sr同位素分析表明，3个火山岩区的火山岩εNd(0)均为正值，（^87Sr/^86Sr)i较低，说明它们主要来源于亏损地幔。Sm-Nd同位素单阶段模式年龄集中在400－700Ma之间，反映俯冲沉积物的形成时代不早于700Ma。玄武质火山岩微量元素和同位素研究表明3个火山岩岩区应分属不同的岛弧增生体系，原始地幔物质通过岛弧火山作用加入到地壳中，推测准噶尔盆地的基底由分属于周边的哈萨克斯坦、塔里木和西伯利亚板块的年轻岛弧增生地体拼合而成，前寒武纪地壳演化历史并不明显。 相似文献
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将胜利油田盆地内火山岩类分为石英拉斑玄武岩、橄榄拉斑玄武岩和碱性橄榄玄武岩3类。其中,碱性橄榄玄武岩多分布于盆地边部、出现较晚并受深断裂控制,其成分中明显更富碱、富轻稀土、富大离子亲石元素而贫铬、镍等相容元素和挥发分,深度大而熔融程度不高,应源于富集地幔。二氧化碳气藏与碱性橄榄玄武岩有空间、时间和成因上的关系;二氧化碳气藏区的火山岩中含有高含量的金。二氧化碳和金是盆地和火山岩类演化一定阶段的产物,源于富集地幔的岩浆去气是其形成的主要机制。 相似文献
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琼北火山活动分期与全新世岩浆演化 总被引：12，自引：9，他引：12
琼北火山活动始于始新世以来，早第三纪火山岩以夹层隐伏于不同时期的地层中。本文新提供的琼北火山岩K-AT年龄和砂岩捕虏体热释光年龄，从年代学上确定了琼北存在全新世火山喷发活动。琼北地表火山岩从早到晚分为6期：蓬莱期(中新世)、金牛岭期(上新世)、多文岭期(早更新世)、东英期(中更新世)、道堂期(晚更新世)、雷虎岭期(全新世)。雷虎岭期又分为早晚两个亚期：雷虎岭亚期和马鞍岭亚期，它们分别属于橄榄拉斑玄武岩和石英拉斑玄武岩。火山岩稀土元素、微量元素和Sr，Nd，Pb同位素地球化学特征揭示，岩浆来自亏损地幔(DMM)和富集岩石圈或亏损地幔(DMM)与俯冲洋壳两种不同的地球化学组分混合源区。橄榄拉斑玄武岩是相对原始的地幔岩浆。橄榄拉斑玄武岩岩浆经约10％橄榄石分离结晶可以形成石英拉斑玄武岩浆。岩浆上升过程中未受明显的陆壳混染。 相似文献
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JIANG Changyi BAI Kaiyin HI Aizhi ZHAO Xiaoning ZHANG Hongbo Xi抋n Engineering College Xi抋n China 《Continental Dynamics》2001,(1)
1. Geological setting The terrane of Kuruktag lies in the north-eastern margin of the Tarim Basin and is a faulted marginal uplift of the basin. In the terrane, there occur extensively Dagelagebulake Group and Xinditage Group of Archaean-Paleoprotozoic metamorphic sequences overlain by Sinian-Cambrian sequences (Geological and mineral bureau of Xingjiang ulger atonomous region, 1993). The sedimentology of the Sinian-Cambrian strata have been studied (South Xinjiang petrollum exploratio… 相似文献
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挪威中部Ｇｊｅｒｓｖｉｋ地区加里东造山带由一系列地体组成。Ｇｊｅｒｓｖｉｋ地体内的火山岩系具有明显的双峰态特征，主要由深色和浅色拉斑玄武质绿岩以及石英角斑质火山碎屑岩组成。火山活动分为三个阶段，各阶段火山活动特征与裂谷构造演化息息相关。地质和地球化学证据表明，裂谷演化早期形成来源于亏损地幔未分异型拉斑玄武岩，中期形成由玄武岩或辉长岩局部重熔产生的长英质火山岩，晚期则形成来源于更深部的富集地幔分异型拉斑玄武岩。Ｇｊｅｒｓｖｉｋ地体内已发现一系列的与火山活动有关、空间上与长英质火山碎屑岩紧密共生的块状硫化物矿床。 相似文献
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闽中地区马面山群东岩组变质岩形成的古构造环境研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
闽中地区马面山群东岩组地层主要为绿片岩为主的一套古火山沉积建造。其主要岩性类型包括各种成分的绿片岩、大理岩、石英片岩及变粒岩类。绿片岩显示海底火山喷发特征,变粒岩原岩为中酸性岩类。东岩组变质岩岩石化学研究表明,绿片岩的原岩应为玄武岩类。变粒岩类主要属于英安岩及流纹岩。这些特征反映东岩组具双峰式火山岩特征,形成于大陆内部张性环境。绿片岩稀土元素特征也显示和大陆拉张环境中的火山岩类稀土特征非常相似,属大陆拉斑玄武岩;微量元素分布显示出该组变质岩原岩类似于大洋岛和大陆裂谷的板内碱性玄武岩。因此闽中地区中元古代可能处于板内古裂谷环境。 相似文献
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Zhang Shimin Dou Suqin 《地壳构造与地壳应力文集》1997,(1)
一、引言大同第四纪火山群位于山西省大同县和阳高县境内(图1),包括近5年来在大峪口,秋林地区首次发现的6个小火山。该火山群大、小火山共计31个。大同火山群南以六棱山北麓断裂为界,分布于大同盆地东部的第四纪沉积区范围。火山群南侧的六棱山和北部的小北山是由前寒武花岗片麻岩组成的山地。 相似文献
18.
Six crystalline mixtures, picrite, olivine-rich tholeiite, nepheline basanite, alkali picrite, olivine-rich basanite, and olivine-rich alkali basalt were recrystallized at pressures to 40 kb, and the phase equilibria and sequences of phases in natural basaltic and peridotitic rocks were investigated.The picrite was recrystallized along the solidus to the assemblages (1) olivine+orthopyroxene+ clinopyroxene +plagioclase+spinel below 13 kb, (2) olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+spinel between 13 kb and 18 kb, (3) olivine+orthopyroxene+clinopyroxene+ garnet+spinel between 18 kb and 26 kb, and (4) olivine+clinopyroxene+garnet above 26 kb. The solidus temperature at 1 atm is slightly below 1,100° and rises to 1,320° at 20 kb and 1,570° at 40 kb. Olivine is the primary phase crystallizing from the melt at all pressures to 40 kb.The olivine-rich tholeiite was recrystallized along the solidus into the assemblages (1) olivine+ clinopyroxene+plagioclase+spinel below 13 kb, (2) clinopyroxene+orthopyroxene+ spinel between 13 kb and 18 kb, (3) clinopyroxene+garnet+spinel above 18 kb. The solidus temperature is slightly below 1,100° at 1 atm, 1,370° at 20 kb, and 1,590° at 40 kb. The primary phase is olivine below 20 kb but is orthopyroxene at 40 kb.In the nepheline basanite, olivine is the primary phase below 14 kb, but clinopyroxene is the first phase to appear above 14 kb. In the alkali-picrite the primary phase is olivine to 40 kb. In the olivine-rich basanite, olivine is the primary phase below 35 kb and garnet is the primary phase above 35 kb. In the olivine-rich alkali basalt the primary phase is olivine below 20 kb and is garnet at 40 kb.Mineral assemblages in a granite-basalt-peridotite join are summarized according to reported experimental data on natural rocks. The solidus of mafic rock is approximately given by T=12.5 P
Kb+1,050°. With increasing pressure along the solidus, olivine disappears by reaction with plagioclase at 9 kb in mafic rocks and plagioclase disappears by reaction with olivine at 13 kb in ultramafic rocks. Plagioclase disappears at around 22 kb in mafic rocks, but it persists to higher pressure in acidic rocks. Garnet appears at somewhat above 18 kb in acidic rocks, at 17 kb in mafic rocks, and at 22 kb in ultramafic rocks.The subsolidus equilibrium curves of the reactions are extrapolated according to equilibrium curves of related reactions in simple systems. The pyroxene-hornfels and sanidinite facies is the lowest pressure mineral facies. The pyroxene-granulite facies is an intermediate low pressure mineral facies in which olivine and plagioclase are incompatible and garnet is absent in mafic rocks. The low pressure boundary is at 7.5 kb at 750° C and at 9.5 kb at 1,150° C. The high pressure boundary is 8.0 kb at 750° C and 15.0 kb at 1,150° C. The garnet-granulite facies is an intermediate high pressure facies and is characterized by coexisting garnet and plagioclase in mafic rocks. The upper boundary is at 10.3 kb at 750° C and 18.0 kb at 1,150° C. The eclogite facies is the highest pressure mineral facies, in which jadeite-rich clinopyroxene is stable.Compositions of minerals in natural rocks of the granulite facies and the eclogite facies are considered. Clinopyroxenes in the granulite-facies rocks have smaller jadeite-Tschermak's molecule ratios and higher amounts of Tschermak's molecule than clinopyroxenes in the eclogite-facies rocks. The distribution coefficients of Mg between orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene are normally in the range of 0.5–0.6 in metamorphic rocks in the granulite facies. The distribution coefficients of Mg between garnet and clinopyroxene suggest increasing crystallization temperature of the rocks in the following order: eclogite in glaucophane schist, eclogite and granulite in gneissic terrain, garnet peridotite, and peridotite nodules in kimberlite.Temperatures near the bottom of the crust in orogenic zones characterized by kyanitesillimanite metamorpbism are estimated from the mineral assemblages of metamorphic rocks in Precambrian shields to be about 700° C at 7 kb and 800° C at 9 kb, although heat-flow data suggest that the bottom of Precambrian shield areas is about 400° C and the eclogite facies is stable.The composition of liquid which is in equilibrium with peridotite is estimated to be close to tholeiite basalt at the surface pressure and to be picrite at around 30 kb. The liquid composition becomes poorer in normative olivine with decreasing pressure and temperature.During crystallization at high pressure, olivine and orthopyroxene react with liquid to form clinopyroxene, and a discontinuous reaction series, olivine orthopyroxene clinopyroxene is suggested. By fractional crystallization of pyroxenes the liquid will become poorer in SiO2. Therefore, if liquid formed by partial melting of peridotite in the mantle slowly rises maintaining equilibrium with the surrounding peridotite, the liquid will become poorer in MgO by crystallization of olivine, and tholeiite basalt magma will arrive at the surface. On the other hand, if the liquid undergoes fractional crystallization in the mantle, the liquid may change in composition to alkali-basalt magma and alkali-basalt volcanism may be seen at a late stage of volcanic activity.Publication No. 681, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles. 相似文献
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吐--哈盆地及周缘早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征及大地构造环境探讨 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
长期以来对吐—哈盆地及其周缘地区早二叠世构造环境的归属存在较大异议.通过对盆地早二叠世火山岩地球化学特征的研究,进一步厘定了火山岩的产出环境.研究表明,区内火山岩以玄武岩、玄武安山岩和流纹岩为主,具双峰式火山岩特征,大部分玄武岩相对MORB强烈富集LILE和LREE,HFSE适度富集,Th/Ta比值>5,Ta、Nb的适度亏损和陆壳的混染有关,少量玄武岩带有与消减作用有关的地球化学信息,与造山期后伸展环境下的火山岩地球化学特征相似.结合区域地质特征及邻区研究结果,认为吐—哈盆地早二叠世火山岩为造山期后伸展背景下裂谷环境的产物. 相似文献
20.
OSKARSSON NIELS; SIGVALDASON GUDMUNDUR E.; STEINTHORSSON SIGURDUR 《Journal of Petrology》1982,23(1):28-74
The article describes the petrochemical evolution of oceanicrocks in terms of plate tectonics with special reference toIceland. The compositional variation along the rift zone isrelated to different production rates of mantle-derived olivinetholeiite of invariant composition which is added to the crustfrom below and modified by mixing with anatectic melts in thecrust and concomitant crystal fractionation. The kinematic processes of crustal accretion cause rocks depositedin the rift zone to subside towards higher temperatures wherethey suffer hydration and progressive metamorphism before becominga part of the stable crustal plate. Rocks deposited near therift-centre assume the highest metamorphic grade (greatest depth)while rocks deposited at the rift-margins follow a shallow pathbefore being carried towards lower temperatures in the stableplate. The material transport through stationary metamorphiczones produces the layering of the oceanic crust. As the hydrated rocks cross their solidus isotherm, silicicmagma is formed by incongruent partial melting. The meltingcontinues until rocks crossing the boundary between the amphiboliteand granulite fades are finally dehydrated by the break-downof amphibole. This reaction boundary defines the surface ofthe upper mantle. The segregation and retention of crust-derived magmas withinthe rift zone results in chemical fractionation in the oceaniccrust, for its lower sections are depleted in elements enteringthe early melt fractions, which are silicic and enriched inthe dispersed elements. The last melt-increments from the samesubsiding pile are ne-normative basalts. The rift-zone rocks are shown to be mantle-derived olivine tholeiitemodified by minor amounts of crustal rhyolite and nephelinebasalt, while volcanism outside the rift zone is dominated bythe crust-derived magmas themselves. All mixtures undergo furthermineralogical evolution towards invariant compositions in thebasalt system, resembling the olivine tholeiite, quartz tholeiite,and nepheline basalt of synthetic systems. The dispersed-elementgeochemistry of the oceanic rocks is but slightly modified bycrystal fractionation, and reflects the mixing ratios of theolivine tholeiite and the different crustal magmas. The geochemistry of radiogenic isotopes is controlled by continuousprocesses of crustal fractionation separating mother and daughterelements. The oxygen-isotope geochemistry can be referred tomagma mixing, for rhyolites formed by anatexis in the hydratedcrust are enriched in light oxygen relative to the mantle-derivedmelts. 相似文献