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1.
In the present study, the two-dimensional blast model has been simulated using finite element software Abaqus/CAE. The John–Wilkins–Lee equation of state has been used to calculate the pressure caused by the release of the chemical energy of the explosive. Detonation point from center of hole has been defined for the traveling path of explosive energy. Elastoplastic dynamic failure constitutive with kinematic hardening model was adopted for rock mass responses under high explosive pressure to understand the mechanism of blast phenomena. In this model, it is assumed that failure of rock occurs under tensile failure when yield plastic stress exceeded to its static tensile strength. The hydrostatic pressure was used as a failure measure to model dynamic spall or a pressure cut off. Variation of detonation velocity has been measured in terms of simulation blast output energies index results. 相似文献
2.
R. L. Yang P. Rocque P. Katsabanis W. F. Bawden 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1994,12(3):169-182
Summary Blast vibration and its attenuation within the rock mass immediately adjacent to a blast hole (2–15 m) were monitored for a blast hole diameter of 100 mm and a 2.4 m column of an emulsion explosive charge. Peak particle velocities calculated from the measured accelerations were compared with predictions from the charge-weight scaling law using typical site parameters which would be adopted for many far-field vibration predictions. It was found that the vibration amplitudes predicted by the conventional charge-weight scaling law are significantly lower than measured values. Strain and strain rates at different monitoring holes were calculated from experimental data. Using attenuation analysis of different frequency bands of measured acceleration signals, it was found that blast vibration attenuation between 2 m and 4 m depended not only on frequency but also on amplitude. A failure wave was postulated based on observations at the monitoring hole 2 m from the blast. A blast damage zone was evaluated using borehole camera and cross hole seismic studies. The damage zone in the rock was also analysed according to acceleration waveforms measured at different monitoring locations. The use of different techniques to measure blast damage provided an accurate assessment of the blast damage volume. 相似文献
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4.
A cell powder factor defines the local powder factor in a simple geometric procedure that accounts for the charge in each blast hole and the triangulation formed by blast hole collars in a blast pattern. In the case of asymmetric blast patterns, the cell powder factor deviates from the global powder factor. Poor drilling of blast hole collars produces significant variation in the cell powder factor, more so, than does poor blast hole charging. The cell powder factor does not account for timing within a blast and does not easily handle non-parallel blast hole configurations. The cell powder factor is best used as a design or audit tool before blast holes are loaded. It gives the opportunity to correct for poor drilling and/or poor charging practices prior to firing a blast. 相似文献
5.
Yagoub M. M. Alsereidi Aishah A. Mohamed Elfadil A. Periyasamy Punitha Alameri Reem Aldarmaki Salama Alhashmi Yaqein 《Natural Hazards》2020,100(1):111-132
Prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration is a matter of concern in mining industry since long. Several approaches ranging from scaled distance regression, different numerical methods to wave superimposition theories have been tried by many researchers for better prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration. Signature hole analysis is one of the popular simulation methods to predict the ground vibration generated due to production blast. It superimposes the recorded signature hole waveform using a computer program to predict the production blast-induced vibration. The technique inputs the designated time of detonation of each hole and superimposes the waves generated by each hole to predict the nearest value of peak particle velocity and frequency of blast-induced ground vibration. Although a very useful approach, it requires a computer program to simulate the linear superimposition of waveforms. The simulation is not possible for every blast as it takes time and also is difficult for field engineers to simulate every time, whereas it is always easy for blasting engineers to adapt and use an empirical equation/approach for prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration than simulation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an innovative and simplified analytical approach of signature hole analysis. The simplified sinusoidal wave equation is obtained from recorded signature hole ground vibration waveform properties and is superimposed mathematically according to the multi-hole blast design to predict the production blast-induced ground vibrations. The validation of the developed approach was done in three different sites, and up to 15% more accuracy in prediction of the blast, vibrations are achieved in comparison with signature hole analysis prediction.
相似文献6.
工程爆破中径向水不耦合系数效应数值仿真 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在实际工程爆破中,水不耦合炮孔是较常见的,其中水不耦合装药系数是影响爆破效果的关键因素之一。该系数取不同的值,将产生不同的应力波传播机理以及介质的损伤破坏程度。以往的研究主要集中于理论解析法和模型试验法。基于大型非线性动力分析软件LS-DYNA,采用著名的混凝土损伤Johnson-Holmquist-Concrete模型,针对无限混凝土介质水不耦合装药爆破中不同径向耦合系数Kd,展开了对比数值计算,综合分析了损伤破坏区分布和孔壁压力、加速度以及速度等与径向不耦合系数间的关系,得出的结论具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
7.
空气间隔装药爆破机理研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用爆轰波理论分析了空气间隔装药炮孔内一维不定常激波的相互作用及其在炮孔堵头、孔底的反射过程,同时分析了孔内各点的压力随时间的变化过程,介绍了空气间隔装药爆破的机理及设计参数。基于此,认为应充分利用空气间隔爆破结构的优势,并在梯段爆破中满足以下两个条件：（1）在设计过程中要尽量使稀疏波及从孔底反射的稀疏波传播过程能在整个孔内每一断面都作用到,即稀疏波到达孔底的时间要比从堵头反射的压力波到达孔底要早;（2）反射压力波应该到达空气与爆生气体接触面的时间比从孔底反射的稀疏波到达空气与爆生气体接触面的时间要早。由此通过计算得到了在梯段爆破工程中合理的空气层长度比例值约为30 %～42 %。计算结论与已有实测成果基本一致。 相似文献
8.
9.
聚能爆破在石材切割应用中的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘 要 简单分析了聚能爆破装药在孔内爆破的力学效应阐明了聚能爆破对岩石定向破裂
的控制机理。在聚能爆破切割石材过程中聚能射流起到前期切割出定向裂缝的作用石材
的最终开裂由后期爆破产生的气体的准静态胀楔作用来完成。通过提高炸药爆速、增大装药
密度等方法可以提高聚能装药爆炸后形成射流的能量和改善聚能爆破切割石材的效果。 相似文献
10.
Summary Three sets of different formulae expressed as functions of dynamic elastic constants of rock and some design parameters involved in a buried explosion are derived explicitly for the prediction of peak particle velocity (PPV) and peak air pressure (PAP). Separate equations are derived to estimate PPV and PAP for inside, outside, and at the boundary of the crater zone. The equations incorporate the physical parameters including (i) longitudinal wave velocity, (ii) shear wave velocity, (iii) density of rock, (iv) characteristic impedance of air, (v) detonation pressure of explosive, (vi) depth of hole, (vii) radius of hole, (viii) distance of the measuring transducer. Suggested equations are tested for a few hard and medium-hard rocks. Characteristic features and important conclusions are described. 相似文献
11.
Transmission of explosion waves through a rock medium causes a severe vibration that stimulates the mechanical behavior of rock mass. This stimulation imposes highly concentrated stresses on the ends of existing fine joints and depending on the toughness of the rock, causes them to propagate rapidly. Consequently, the propagation and joining of cracks form a crushed zone around the blast hole. Several studies are available in the literature to estimate the radius of crushed zone, deterministically. In this paper, however, a probabilistic approach has been adopted. This is because the initiation and propagation of cracks have a probabilistic nature, and neither the initial state of the rock nor the explosion load could be expressed in a fully deterministic way. Thus, after generating random values for involved parameters, including explosive density, detonation velocity, dynamic Young’s modulus, dynamic Poisson’s ratio, uniaxial compressive strength, and borehole radius, the Monte-Carlo sampling method was adopted to calculate the exceeding probability of the crushed zone radius from desired values. The results showed that the exceedance probability for the growth of cracks falls sharply by the increase in the crushed zone radius so that the probability of crushed zone radius longer than 0.5 m is less than one percent. The results of this study, compared to the deterministic models, provide advantages in that they are not only limited to a certain value for the crushed zone radius and show the probability of exceedance for any desired radius. 相似文献
12.
When designing above‐ground ammunition storage facilities, one has to take into account the debris hazard resulting from accidental explosions. The purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive method for debris dispersion around an ammunition storage site in case of an accidental detonation in a reinforced concrete storage structure. The concrete slabs/walls break up into debris when it is overloaded by the internal blast. The debris velocity is one of the important parameters to describe the debris dispersion. The parameters that affect the debris velocity are complex. This study adopts the energy approach to simplify the formulation. The failure process in a relatively thin concrete slab/wall is treated using the concept of expansion. Based on energy conservation, a general formula is derived for the debris launch velocity in a cubicle structure subjected to internal blast loading. The dynamic strength of concrete and reinforcement are considered in the fracture process. The analytical results are found to be consistent with the relevant experimental results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
J. C. Jhanwar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(5):651-663
The mechanism by which the explosive energy is transferred to the surrounding rock mass is changed in air-deck blasting. It
allows the explosive energy to act repeatedly in pulses on the surrounding rock mass rather than instantly as in the case
of concentrated charge blasting. The air-deck acts as a regulator, which first stores energy and then releases it in separate
pulses. The release of explosion products in the air gap causes a decrease in the initial bore hole pressure and allows oscillations
of shock waves in the air gap. The performance of an air-deck blast is basically derived from the expansion of gaseous products
and subsequent multiple interactions between shock waves within an air column, shock waves and stemming base and shock waves
and hole bottom. This phenomenon causes repeated loading on the surrounding rock mass by secondary shock fronts for a prolonged
period. The length of air column and the rock mass structure are critical to the ultimate results. Several attempts have been
made in the past to study the mechanism of air-deck blasting and to investigate its effects on blast performance but a clear
understanding of the underlying mechanism and the physical processes to explain its actual effects is yet to emerge. In the
absence of any theoretical basis, the air-deck blast designs are invariably carried out by the rules of thumb. The field trials
of this technique in different blast environments have demonstrated its effectiveness in routine production blasting, pre-splitting
and controlling over break and ground vibrations etc. The air-deck length appropriate to the different rock masses and applications
need to be defined more explicitly. It generally ranges between 0.10 and 0.30 times the original charge length. Mid column
air-deck is preferred over the top and bottom air-decks. Top air-deck is used especially in situations, which require adequate
breakage in the stemming region. The influence of air-deck location within the hole on blast performance also requires further
studies. This paper reviews the status of knowledge on the theory and practice of air-deck blasting in mines and surface excavations
and brings out the areas for further investigation in this technique of blasting. 相似文献
14.
Drilling and blasting is a major technology in mining since it is necessary for the initial breakage of rock masses in mining. Only a fraction of the explosive energy is efficiently consumed in the actual breakage and displacement of the rock mass, and the rest of the energy is spent in undesirable effects, such as ground vibrations. The prediction of induced ground vibrations across a fractured rock mass is of great concern to rock engineers in assessing the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. The waveform superposition method was used in the Gol-E-Gohar iron mine to simulate the production blast seismograms based upon the single-hole shot vibration measurements carried out at a distance of 39 m from the blast. The simulated production blast seismograms were then used as input to predict particle velocity time histories of blast vibrations in the mine wall using the universal distinct element code (UDEC). Simulated time histories of particle velocity showed a good agreement with the measured production blast time histories. Displacements and peak particle velocities were determined at various points of the engineered slope. The maximum displacement at the crest of the nearest bench in the X and Y directions was 26 mm, which is acceptable in regard to open pit slope stability. 相似文献
15.
AK Mishra D. Bhattacharya 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2005,9(1):47-59
The mineral industry is leading towards a technology driven optimization process. Drilling and blasting are such unit operations in a mine, which can alter the balance sheet of the mine if not planned properly. The development, improvement and utilization of innovative technologies in terms of blast monitoring instruments and explosives technology are important for cost effectiveness and safety of mineral industries.
The ever-growing demand for minerals has compelled the industry to adopt large opencast projects using heavy equipment. This has necessitated use of a few hundred tonnes of explosives in each blast. The bulk delivered fourth generation explosives have solved the problem of explosive loading to a large extent as it provides improved safety in manufacturing, transportation and handling. Bulk delivered emulsion is non-explosive until gasification is complete and a large quantity of explosive can be transported and loaded into blast holes efficiently and with safety. The priming of bulk delivered explosives in Indian mines uses the conventional PETN/TNT-based boosters. The conventional booster possesses safety problems in terms of handling and use, so Indian Explosives Ltd has developed an emulsion-based booster (Powergel Boost).
This paper explores the potential of an emulsion-based booster used as a primer to initiate bulk delivered emulsion explosives used in mines. An attempt has been made at a comparative study between the conventional booster and the emulsion-based booster in terms of the initiation process developed and their capability of developing and maintaining a stable detonation process in the column explosives. The study has been conducted using a continuous velocity of detonation (VOD) measuring instrument, the VODMate two channel system manufactured by Instantel Inc. of Canada. During this study three blasts were monitored. In each blast two holes were selected for study, the first hole was initiated using a conventional booster while the other one used an emulsion-based booster. The findings of the study advocates that the emulsion-based booster is capable of the efficient priming of bulk delivered column explosive with a stable detonation process in the column. 相似文献
The ever-growing demand for minerals has compelled the industry to adopt large opencast projects using heavy equipment. This has necessitated use of a few hundred tonnes of explosives in each blast. The bulk delivered fourth generation explosives have solved the problem of explosive loading to a large extent as it provides improved safety in manufacturing, transportation and handling. Bulk delivered emulsion is non-explosive until gasification is complete and a large quantity of explosive can be transported and loaded into blast holes efficiently and with safety. The priming of bulk delivered explosives in Indian mines uses the conventional PETN/TNT-based boosters. The conventional booster possesses safety problems in terms of handling and use, so Indian Explosives Ltd has developed an emulsion-based booster (Powergel Boost).
This paper explores the potential of an emulsion-based booster used as a primer to initiate bulk delivered emulsion explosives used in mines. An attempt has been made at a comparative study between the conventional booster and the emulsion-based booster in terms of the initiation process developed and their capability of developing and maintaining a stable detonation process in the column explosives. The study has been conducted using a continuous velocity of detonation (VOD) measuring instrument, the VODMate two channel system manufactured by Instantel Inc. of Canada. During this study three blasts were monitored. In each blast two holes were selected for study, the first hole was initiated using a conventional booster while the other one used an emulsion-based booster. The findings of the study advocates that the emulsion-based booster is capable of the efficient priming of bulk delivered column explosive with a stable detonation process in the column. 相似文献
16.
Huang Chengxian 《岩土力学》1986,7(1):35-45
In this paper, according to in situ experimental data of sonic, seismic, hole television, acceleration, velocity and visual investigaton after explosion, we consulted laboratory experimental results. Study in soil and rock blasr destroy effect and zone. By comparing with blast destroy zone of rock mass, vartical tunnel, parallal tunnel. 相似文献
17.
土岩爆破中岩体和坑道爆破破坏分区的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文根据声波法、地震法、钻孔电视、质点振动加速度、速度和爆后破坏现象宏观调查等现场实验数据和资料,并参照室内试验结果,研究了土岩爆破中岩体和坑道的爆破破坏效应及其分区、并将岩体、垂直坑道与平行坑道的爆破破坏分区作了对比。 相似文献
18.
S. P. Singh 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1996,14(1):41-50
Summary A variety of overbreak control techniques are used during excavation with the drill and blast system. Tracer blasting is used in Canadian underground mines to minimize blast damage and involves placing a low-strength detonating cord along the length of a blast hole prior to charging with ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO). The results of tracer blasting are not always consistent and its mechanism is only hazily comprehended. In the absence of a clearly defined mechanism, it is difficult to analyse the results of tracer blasting and to identify the factors responsible for the inconsistency of results.A series of bench blasts and pipe tests were carried out to investigate the mechanism of tracer blasting. The evidence indicated partial deflagration and desensitization of ANFO, thus reducing the total available explosive energy. The rock mass surrounding the traced blasthole experienced a low level of ground vibrations. As a result of the continuous side initiation of ANFO, energy partitioning was more in favour of gas energy. A mechanism of tracer blasting has been proposed and the factors responsible for the inconsistency of the results have been identified in this paper. 相似文献
19.
把能够体现岩体在冲击载荷作用下的响应特点及损伤演化的各向异性特征的损伤模型嵌入到有限元软件中，模拟了含有预制裂纹的水泥砂浆试块在爆炸载荷作用下的损伤特征。模拟结果表明，在爆炸近区产生一个损伤“重灾区”，并可根据模拟结果确定“重灾区”及爆炸损伤的范围，模拟结果与试验结果基本一致。模拟方法可以为岩土工程中经历过爆炸损伤岩体的稳定性研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
20.
Monia Aloui Yannick Bleuzen Elhoucine Essefi Chedly Abbes 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(21):686
Blasting constitutes a beneficial industrial technology, used in quarries and mining production processes, which ensures the achievement of the expected results in a short period of time with relatively low cost. Nevertheless, a significant part of the used blasting energy is wasted in the form of ground vibration and air blast. Hence, blasting-induced ground vibrations are one of the fundamental problems in the mining industry which may cause severe damage to structures and plants nearby. Therefore, a vibration control study plays an important part in the minimization of the environmental effects of blasting in mines. This study represents an investigation reporting ground motion (measured in terms of peak particle velocity (mm/s)) and air blast overpressure measurements around the open-pit phosphate mine near Metlaoui area (southwestern Tunisia). It aimed to calculate the site’s constants: K (ground transmission coefficient) and n (site attenuation curve slope). The obtained site parameters allowed determining the propagation equation of the blast-induced seismic waves in the study area. The scope of this study was to predict the peak particle velocity when the amount of explosive charge and/or the distance were altered with minimum spoil to the environment. Also, a frequency overview of the study area revealed the dominance of low frequencies (>?40 Hz). Such values can cause damage to the nearby structures when a specific peak particle velocity value is reached by blasting. Moreover, this study demonstrated that all overpressure magnitudes were less than 134 dB, which is the safe limit of air blast level. 相似文献