共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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空气间隔装药爆炸冲击荷载作用下混凝土损伤分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用JHC混凝土损伤演化模型,模拟计算了不同空气间隔装药结构情况下炮孔近区岩石损伤破坏机制,分析了空气层比例以及起爆方式对爆破效果的影响。计算表明,不同空气层位置及比例会产生不同的爆破效果,并能运用于不同的爆破目的。空气层比例与炮孔粉碎区大小成反比,空气比较小时可以用于梯段爆破,而空气比较大时可用于预裂或光面爆破。对于梯段爆破、反向起爆（空气层位于上部）和中间起爆（空气层位于中间）的效果要好;起爆方式对梯段爆破效果的影响要比预裂和光面爆破效果明显。 相似文献
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水不耦合炮孔装药爆破冲击波的形成和传播 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了炮孔和装药间以水不耦合介质爆破时,在爆轰波压力和高压、高温爆生气体压力作用下,水中爆炸冲击波的形成和传播规律,求解了冲击波的初始参数和孔壁处冲击波参数,并应用弹性波动理论,提出了正入射情况下岩石内的初始冲击压力。 相似文献
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岩石中柱状装药爆炸能量分布 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
岩石中装药爆炸产生的爆破能量可分为爆炸冲击波能量和爆生气体膨胀能量。对爆炸能量分布的理论分析有助于改善爆破效果,提高爆破质量。在柱状耦合装药情况下,分析了冲击波作用下岩石变形和破坏的特点、爆生气体对爆腔的扩腔作用,考虑了在岩体的损伤情况下爆生气体对裂纹的驱裂作用。计算结果表明：埋深在临界深度以下时,岩石中柱状装药爆破冲击波做功消耗的能量约占爆炸总能量的40 %,剩余爆生气体能量中用于扩腔和扩展主要裂隙的能量约占总能量的23 %,剩余大约37 %的能量中有小部分能量用于新增裂纹数目,而大部分损失掉了。 相似文献
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在原有有限元/离散元（FEM/DEM）耦合分析方法中,实现了一种新的爆破计算模型。该模型考虑了在爆生气体的作用下,随着裂隙的扩展,气体占据的体积不断增大,气体压力逐渐减小这一问题。同时考虑了气体嵌入与爆腔联通的裂隙对裂隙的作用力。克服了原有FEM/DEM方法中的爆破模型仅仅将压力施加于爆腔四周的岩壁上,无法考虑爆生气体嵌入生成的裂隙对裂隙的作用。提出了一种新颖的贯通裂隙网络形成的递归搜索算法,只需通过编写一个简单的递归函数,即可实现复杂裂隙网络的搜索,采用一种简洁的方法完成了对复杂问题的处理。最后通过一个爆破算例,结果表明FEM/DEM方法可以对爆炸过程中应力波的传播及岩体中裂纹的萌生、扩展进行全程捕捉,展现了该方法用于爆破模拟的潜力。 相似文献
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深层岩体松动爆破中不耦合装药效应的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于冲击波在交界面两侧压力和速度必须各自相等的连续性条件,求解爆轰产物中适用的反射波方程和介质中适用的冲击波方程,得到药包周围介质中冲击波的初始参数.通过波的传播机理,把集中药包应力波随距离的衰减公式扩展到延长药包,并计算耦合与不耦合装药爆破时距爆心相同距离处岩石中冲击波的参数.由计算结果可知:(1)耦合装药爆破时形成的冲击波压力超过岩石抗压强度极限几十倍以上,药包周围岩石形成粉碎区;(2)与耦合装药爆破相比,不耦合装药爆破可以降低孔壁处岩石中冲击波初始压力,但可以增加孔壁后岩石中的冲击波压力.合理的不耦合系数,可使岩石不形成粉碎区,大幅度减少能量耗散;(3)水一般认为是非线性弹性介质,因此水介质成为炸药爆轰产物与岩石间的弹性缓冲层,增加了能量传递,延长了冲击波作用时间,加大了爆炸的作用范围. 相似文献
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考虑岩石介质的非均匀性,把爆破过程视为爆炸应力波和爆生气体压力共同作用的结果,基于损伤力学理论建立了岩石爆破的力学模型,并对不同地应力条件下岩石双孔爆破裂纹演化规律进行了数值模拟,分析了不同侧压力系数和埋 深对裂纹扩展规律的影响。数值模拟结果表明：①爆炸应力波导致裂纹的萌生,爆生气体压力则会使裂纹进一步扩展和贯通; ②裂纹演化过程与地应力密切相关,裂纹扩展的主方向趋于最大地应力方向;③随着埋深增加和初始地应力增大,裂纹扩展半径和裂纹区面积减小,地应力对爆破致裂的抑制作用明显。 相似文献
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W. Lu W. Hustrulid 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2003,7(4):231-255
Airdecking is used in mining for two quite different applications. One is to enhance the fragmentation by amplifying the induced fracturing and the second is for pre-split blasting in which the borehole fracturing is reduced. This paper deals with the first of these effects. A forth coming paper will describe pre-splitting by airdecking. The use of air decks to enhance rock fragmentation and so to reduce explosive costs has been the practice for quite long time. Although a number of studies has been conducted to verify the advantages of blasting with air decks and to investigate the mechanisms involved, the proposed mechanisms still cannot explain clearly the phenomena observed in practice and the design approach adopted for this kind of blasting is still primary based on rules-of-thumb. In this paper, the theory of shock tubes is adopted to (a) investigate the processes of the expanding detonation products, (b) study the interactions between the explosion products and the stemming or bottom of blasthole, and (c) to decide the distribution of the changing pressure of explosion products along blasthole. Numerical simulation and theoretical analyses are then performed to study the physical process of blasting with air decks. Finally, a reasonable value for the airdecking ratio is decided theoretically. It is shown that the pressure-unloading process caused by the propagation of the rarefaction wave and the reflected rarefaction waves in the detonation products plays an important role in the enhanced fragmentation of rock when blasting with air decks. The unloading process can induce tensile stresses of rather high magnitude in the rock mass surrounding blasthole. This favors fracturing of the rock. The reflected shock wave with a magnitude of gas pressure higher than that of the average detonation pressure in a fully charged blasthole acts as the main energy source to break the rock in the air deck and stemming portions. The second and succeeding strain waves induced by the unloading or reloading of the pressurewithin the blasthole also contribute to form the initial fracture network in the rock around the blasthole. It is also revealed that there exists a reasonable range of values for the airdecking ratio. For ANFO, this value varies from 0.13-0.40. 相似文献
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J. C. Jhanwar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(5):651-663
The mechanism by which the explosive energy is transferred to the surrounding rock mass is changed in air-deck blasting. It
allows the explosive energy to act repeatedly in pulses on the surrounding rock mass rather than instantly as in the case
of concentrated charge blasting. The air-deck acts as a regulator, which first stores energy and then releases it in separate
pulses. The release of explosion products in the air gap causes a decrease in the initial bore hole pressure and allows oscillations
of shock waves in the air gap. The performance of an air-deck blast is basically derived from the expansion of gaseous products
and subsequent multiple interactions between shock waves within an air column, shock waves and stemming base and shock waves
and hole bottom. This phenomenon causes repeated loading on the surrounding rock mass by secondary shock fronts for a prolonged
period. The length of air column and the rock mass structure are critical to the ultimate results. Several attempts have been
made in the past to study the mechanism of air-deck blasting and to investigate its effects on blast performance but a clear
understanding of the underlying mechanism and the physical processes to explain its actual effects is yet to emerge. In the
absence of any theoretical basis, the air-deck blast designs are invariably carried out by the rules of thumb. The field trials
of this technique in different blast environments have demonstrated its effectiveness in routine production blasting, pre-splitting
and controlling over break and ground vibrations etc. The air-deck length appropriate to the different rock masses and applications
need to be defined more explicitly. It generally ranges between 0.10 and 0.30 times the original charge length. Mid column
air-deck is preferred over the top and bottom air-decks. Top air-deck is used especially in situations, which require adequate
breakage in the stemming region. The influence of air-deck location within the hole on blast performance also requires further
studies. This paper reviews the status of knowledge on the theory and practice of air-deck blasting in mines and surface excavations
and brings out the areas for further investigation in this technique of blasting. 相似文献
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通过有限元分析软件ANSYS数值模拟手段,分析了爆破荷载作用下,裂纹长度与类型、不同的装药量对裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子的影响以及预裂与光面爆破动态应力强度因子比较分析,计算得出：预裂爆破预裂缝的产生主要是从炮孔处产生的开口裂纹在冲击波以及爆生气体的作用下扩展形成的;随着药径与孔径比的增大,动态应力强度因子也逐渐增大,动态应力强度因子曲线形态不变;由于自由面的存在,光面爆破裂纹应力强度动态因子后续峰值较预裂爆破的大。 相似文献
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Yagoub M. M. Alsereidi Aishah A. Mohamed Elfadil A. Periyasamy Punitha Alameri Reem Aldarmaki Salama Alhashmi Yaqein 《Natural Hazards》2020,100(1):111-132
Prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration is a matter of concern in mining industry since long. Several approaches ranging from scaled distance regression, different numerical methods to wave superimposition theories have been tried by many researchers for better prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration. Signature hole analysis is one of the popular simulation methods to predict the ground vibration generated due to production blast. It superimposes the recorded signature hole waveform using a computer program to predict the production blast-induced vibration. The technique inputs the designated time of detonation of each hole and superimposes the waves generated by each hole to predict the nearest value of peak particle velocity and frequency of blast-induced ground vibration. Although a very useful approach, it requires a computer program to simulate the linear superimposition of waveforms. The simulation is not possible for every blast as it takes time and also is difficult for field engineers to simulate every time, whereas it is always easy for blasting engineers to adapt and use an empirical equation/approach for prediction and control of blast-induced ground vibration than simulation. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an innovative and simplified analytical approach of signature hole analysis. The simplified sinusoidal wave equation is obtained from recorded signature hole ground vibration waveform properties and is superimposed mathematically according to the multi-hole blast design to predict the production blast-induced ground vibrations. The validation of the developed approach was done in three different sites, and up to 15% more accuracy in prediction of the blast, vibrations are achieved in comparison with signature hole analysis prediction.
相似文献15.
单螺旋空孔直眼掏槽成腔过程数值模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用ANSYS三维非线性动力有限元软件,对单螺旋空孔直眼掏槽的爆炸应力波传播规律与成腔过程进行了数值模拟研究,得到了单元有效塑性应变分布图、节点有效速度分布图、节点时间-加速度历程曲线和炸药爆炸体积扩展过程示意图。结果表明,模拟的爆炸应力波是以柱面波形式传递,这与理论上的爆破应力波传递形式相一致,同时还总结出爆破效果与装药孔至空孔的距离相关的结论。整个数值模拟研究实现了掏槽爆破成腔成型过程和压力传播过程的可视化,对预测掏槽爆破效果和优化爆破设计具有积极意义。 相似文献
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Blast hole pressure is the starting point for many blast design calculations, but the way in which it is usually derived, from measured detonation velocity, indicates that more thought is needed as to its true meaning and implication. The general impression is given that the energy in the hole is defined by velocity of detonation (VoD), but this is rarely the case. VoD is defined by the energy released in the detonation driving zone between the shock front and the sonic (or CJ) surface, and for commercial explosives it is normal for reaction not to be complete within this zone. Reaction and energy delivery continues behind it, not reflected by VoD. Thus it would be more appropriate to use the theoretical VoD, not the measured VoD, to derive the starting pressure, since this would reflect the energy input of full reaction. In decoupled situations, the derivation of pressure at the blast hole wall using a polynomial decay concept is also of debatable value, and an alternative is offered. 相似文献