共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 113 毫秒
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岩土破损演化理论(Ⅱ):物理状态指标与分区破损理论 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
指出当前利用CT数研究岩土力学的所有方法仅为观察研究,浪费了宝贵的CT定量化信息。利用集合论和测度论知识,基于CT数定义了岩土材料的λ水平破损比与λ水平破损率、(λ1-λ2)水平截理比及其截理率的概念,研究了λ水平破损率与CT数及密度的关系;研究了破损产生的位置和破损判据。基于破损空间截理的概念将岩土材料区分为安全区、损伤进行区和破损区,定义了损伤进行区下、上限边界面,给出了强化-弱化准则的定义,建立了岩土体分区破损本构关系,并进一步推导了岩土破损空间理论的基本方程。 相似文献
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生物喀斯特及其微形态研究 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
生物喀斯特是由生物作用和岩石的可溶性共同作用形成的特殊形态及其过程，本文在回顾和讨论了生物喀斯特的产生、定义、概念及其研究内容后，着重讨论了生物喀斯特微形态研究的概念、意义和研究方法、指出了生物喀斯特微形态研究是具有独特研究对象和方法以及重要理论实践意义的研究体系，提出了生物喀斯特微形态学的概念。 相似文献
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针对红层泥岩土这种特殊的粒类材料,通过动三轴试验研究了其在循环荷载下的动态特性。分析了应变和围压对动态参数(动模量、阻尼比)的影响,在对动模量归一化的基础上,并考虑最大阻尼比与围压的关系,提出了一个阻尼比的计算方法。引入了动应力水平的概念,由试验数据得到红层泥岩土的临界动应力水平为30%左右。动强度随围压增加而增大,而随振次的增加减小;在较小的破坏应变标准下,动应力对动强度的影响起主导作用,破坏应变标准增大时,振次的影响起主要作用。根据累积应变曲线的发展趋势,把红层泥岩土的累积变形分为稳定型和破坏型,分析了产生不同变形曲线的原因,并分别采用不同的经验公式对两种累积变形进行计算,得到了各参数的取值范围。 相似文献
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基于声速变化的岩体爆破累积损伤效应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
声速变化是表征损伤变量的有效参数。为揭示岩体爆破累积损伤效应及损伤演化规律,在某地下工程中开展了反复爆破作用下围岩损伤的声波测试,并对测试数据进行了回归分析。在此基础上,分析了多次爆破作用下岩体损伤与声速变化的对应关系,建立了以岩体声速降低率为基准量的岩体爆破累积损伤扩展模型。研究表明：（1）回归分析的相关系数大于0.981 6,说明岩体爆破损伤非线性累积回归预测模型是正确的;（2）岩体爆破累积损伤模型将岩体损伤总量定义为初始损伤和爆破损伤之和,综合考虑了爆破损伤累积效应和岩体初始损伤的影响,能够真实反映岩体损伤程度,是合理可行的。 相似文献
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旅游业的环境影响综合评价与对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
旅游业对自然环境有正反两方面的影响。反面影响包括对水体和大气环境的影响,对动植物的影响,对土壤和沙丘的侵蚀,以及影响审美。正面影响包括建立自然保护区,保护海洋、植被、湿地,促进连际土地开发和教育民众。促进旅游业永续发展的对策有：对旅游业进行选择;对旅游区进行环境规划;对旅游业的环境影响进行实验追踪,建立综合性模式研究旅游业的累积环境影响。 相似文献
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中国人口和富裕对环境的影响 总被引：32，自引：1，他引：31
辨明人类活动各因素对环境影响作用的大小,并依此找寻发展的对策是当前可持续发展研究的核心问题之一.分析了IPAT等式在分解环境影响中人文因素的作用;采用生态足迹作为环境影响的测量指标,利用STIRPAT模型,以1999年中国各省市的截面数据为例,分析了人口数量、富裕程度、现代化及经济区位和自然区位对环境影响的具体作用,并在此基础上探讨了中国各省(市)的技术生态效益.结果表明:人口数量是当前环境影响的一个主要驱动因子,环境影响与人口数量近同比例变化,富裕程度或现代化程度增加也将加剧人类对环境的影响.在观测数据范围内,分析结果不支持存在环境Kuznets曲线的观点.最后分析讨论了不支持存在环境Kuznets曲线的原因及STIRPAT模型的优缺点,并指出社会适应性能力可作为下一步深入研究的方向. 相似文献
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A. M. Martínez-Graña J. L. Goy y Goy Irene De Bustamante Gutiérrez C. Zazo Cardeña 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):39-51
A new procedure is proposed for joint strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment using simultaneous characterizations in the protected natural area studied to analyse the importance and extent of the impact of human activities within this area on the various natural resources. GIS techniques were used to define territorial models, including environmental information criteria in thematic layers to facilitate environmental diagnosis in the early planning stages in the areas of concern or of higher quality for conservation at different working levels (municipal, district, provincial or national). Traditional conventional environmental impact assessment methods were improved, using spatial analysis to compare scenarios based on the spatial and temporal variability of the impacts identified and their evaluation. This method was applied to the natural space of Las Batuecas-S. de Francia and Quilamas, where in an initial stage the different anthropogenic activities (landfills, etc.) with the potential to cause direct (sewage waters, etc.) or indirect (leachate, etc.) impacts were identified, using checklists and double-entry matrices to analyse actions likely to cause impacts, developing the cartography and identifying environmental impacts potentially damaging to the natural environment. Next, thematic and interpretive mappings were drawn up (surface water quality, aquifer vulnerability to pollution and vulnerability to municipal solid waste) to assess the effects upon resources (water, soil, air, etc.). Finally, by overlapping the impact identification and vulnerability mappings (municipal solid waste, pollution of aquifers and surface water quality) the impact characterization mapping was obtained, showing the absorption capacity of the different sectors to help the responsible bodies set out preventive and/or corrective measures. The essence of this paper is, in methodological terms, its use of two methods simultaneously (strategic environmental assessment and environmental impact assessment) in a protected natural area, allowing it to be extrapolated to any area where territorial management and planning studies need to be carried out. 相似文献
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Environmental impact assessment framework by integrating scientific analysis and subjective perception 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
Environmental impact assessment is widely recognized as an effective tool for supporting the sustainable development of the environment through policy, plan and program decision-making processes. Traditional approach of environmental impact assessment generally focuses on scientific analysis and neglects subjective utilities on the project development. This paper proposes a framework of environmental impact assessment process by integrating subjective perception and scientific analysis. This framework suggests that environmental impacts and their consequent effects are analyzed and calculated based on the inventory analysis, but the non-market loss arising from the construction of the sensitive facility is estimated by contingent valuation method and the relative importance of affecting groups in affecting the ongoing of project development is evaluated by analytical hierarchy process. Eventually, a mathematical model is presented to determine the optimal compensation amount under a targeted refusal rate. Also, a case example is presented to illustrate this approach that integrates the objectively scientific assessment for potentially environmental impacts and individual subjective perception on the non-market value of environmental damages arising from the project development. 相似文献
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There is an increasing concern that the current management practices for many coastal regions are unsustainable. Very few
countries have planned to deal with the exacerbation of environmental decline in the face of sea level rise. It is therefore
necessary to assess socioeconomic and environmental impacts of sea level rises to better understand the vulnerability of coastal
zones, as part of devising adaptive and integrated management principles. This paper presents a systematic approach by which
relevant stakeholders can be actively engaged in prioritising flood impact issues and deriving information for quantification
of impacts for adaptation measures and demonstrates the approach through implementation in the Gippsland coastal region. As
outcomes of the project, we have identified key issues of concern for this region for flood impacts and constructed synthetic
response functions for quantification of impacts of floods on some of the key issues in the region. The analysis also showed
that stakeholders consider that some of the issues are not likely to be significantly affected by floods and thus may not
require adaptation measures. The analysis did not provide high agreement on some issues. Different approaches are required
to assess the importance of these issues and to establish impact response functions for them. 相似文献
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气候变化适应对策的评价方法和工具 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
气候变化影响和适应对策方法评估的研究目的主要是建立和应用先进有效的分析工具和评价方法对气候变化脆弱性和适应对策进行科学评估. 因此需要了解当前已经在自然资源和环境研究中广泛使用的决策分析工具,掌握和了解各种适应对策评估工具的关键特性及其优缺点. 首先介绍各种有关适应对策的定义及两大类适应评估方法途径, 同时举例介绍不同方法在气候变化影响和适应评估研究中的应用. 常规的适应对策评估分析主要以政府间气候变化专业委员会(IPCC)气候变化影响和适应对策评估技术指南中的方法工具为代表, 另一种适应对策研究则致力于改善各种对气候变化敏感系统的适应能力和复原能力. 文中对各种适应对策评估方法和工具进行了介绍和讨论,并提出气候变化适应研究的新方向. 相似文献
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矿产勘查活动往往会带来一定的生态环境影响,如何评估这些影响是当前矿产勘查所面临的迫切问题之一。本研究以广东省金矿资源最为集中的粤西金矿带为例,采用生态系统服务价值核算方法,利用单位面积生态环境价值,结合植被恢复时间和矿产资源潜力,量化评估粤西金矿带内的四个主要已知矿区勘查活动生态环境影响,进一步推测量化评估金矿带内其他具有类似成矿地质条件的预测单元勘查活动生态环境影响。评估结果表明：（1）粤西金矿带勘查活动生态环境影响成本较低,相对于其矿产资源潜力带来的社会经济效益而言,微乎其微;（2）广东省粤西金矿带下一步勘查工作方向仍应重点集中在金牛A类预测区、新洲A类预测区与高村A类预测区等资源潜力大、单位资源量生态环境成本低的区域;（3）本研究提出的勘查活动生态环境影响量化评估方法具有易操作、适用性广等特点,可用于其他地理环境下的勘查活动生态环境影响量化评估。 相似文献
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矿产开发过程中的辐射环境影响日益被管理部门和广大公众所重视。针对我国南方某铜矿开采项目,在详细工程分析和现状调查的基础上,对铜矿开采可能带来的辐射环境影响进行了细致分析,预测和评价项目建设对辐射环境的可能影响,并针对性地提出环境保护措施。相关结论和措施对于铜矿资源合理开发和保护环境具有指导意义。 相似文献
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Jason Phillips 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(6):1587-1603
The theory and practice of sustainability involves the understanding and management of the coupled relationship between the environment and humans. This relationship is very evident in respect to mining where the impacts of operations, both positive and negative, are environmental and socioeconomic in nature. In recent years, evaluating the sustainability of a mining operation has grown within the literature due to the impacts that mining has upon a local community. However, the literature has been often characterised by a variety of case study-specific approaches to define and evaluate the sustainability of mining operations. This is due to the fundamental problem of defining what is sustainability. The paper applies, based on our previous research, a mathematical model of sustainability to the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of a proposed bauxite mining project in the Andhra Pradesh province, India. The model??s application to the impact assessment, which used the rapid impact assessment matrix, was undertaken for the purpose of determining the level and nature of sustainability (if appropriate) of the proposed project. The results indicated that the project was considered as unsustainable in its current form, based on an obtained E value of 0.249 and an H NI value of 0.500. The results suggested that the project would greatly benefit from an environmental management plan in order to mitigate the extensive negative environmental and social impacts of the project. The results also indicated the potential of the model in assisting in the resolution of questions of the sustainability of local projects, which are assessed through quantitative-based EIA. 相似文献