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中国全球环境变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
世界气候研究计划（WCRP）、国际地圈生物圈计划（IG-BP）、国际全球变化人文因素计划（IHDP）、生物多样性计划（DIVERSITAS）分别侧重研究全球环境变化过程中的不同方面,是当前全球环境变化领域主要的国际性研究计划。 相似文献
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国际全球变化研究计划综览 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
全球变化研究是80年代兴起的跨学科、综合性的迄今规模最大的国际合作研究活动，其目的是研究人类所面临的一系列重大而紧迫的全球环境问题，即研究造成这些全球环境问题的物理过程、化学过程和生物过程之间复杂的相互作用，以解释当今日益显见的变化的意义，从而提出措施以减缓或适应全球变化的结果。国际全球变化研究计划由世界气候研究计划(WCRP)、国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)和全球环境变化中的人类因素计划(HDP或HDGECP)组成。本文浓缩介绍了这三个计划及其核心计划的科学目标、研究内容、实施期限、预期成果等关键内容。 相似文献
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为加强我国全球变化的研究和协调工作,提高我国全球变化研究的水平,国际地圈生物圈计划中国全国委员会于1992年11月3日—6日在北京召开了CNC—IGBP年会与学术讨论会。 参加会议的委员和专家学者共60余人。在学术讨论会上,彼此交流了近年的研究工作进展与科学认识。讨论所涉及的内容包括:(1)生物地球化学循环;(2)人类活动对环境影响的辨别与全球大气化学研究;(3)全球水循环的观测和模拟研究;(4)过去2000年来、15万年来中国环境的变化;(5)我国植被变化、海平面变化及气候与植被的相互作用;(6)海洋通量联合研究;(7)2000年来温度曲线及敏感带问题研究;(8)中国环境变化的模式研究。 相似文献
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利用最近几年公开发表的有确切年代控制的全新世高分辨率古气候记录如湖泊、泥炭、石笋等来研究42 ka BP气候事件在中国不同地区的降雨表现,发现42 ka BP左右中国南北方降水普遍减少。同时期热带非洲、南欧、中东、印度、韩国、北美洲中部大陆的高分辨率古气候记录一致表明,42 ka BP气候事件造成了整个北半球中低纬度地区的干旱。文章讨论了这次气候事件的可能驱动机制,认为太阳辐射变化导致的赤道辐合带南移和大洋海表温度的变化再加上地表植被的反馈作用可能是造成这次干旱事件的主要原因。最后对42 ka BP气候事件需要进一步加强研究的内容进行了展望。 相似文献
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中国全球变化研究的战略思考 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
文章简要叙述了全球变化研究的重要性，特点和中国在全球变化中的地位，回顾和评述了近十多年来我国所开展的有关全球变化的研究进展。据统计，在１９８５年至１９９５上期间，我国全球变化研究项目已达３５０项左右，由国家级项目，部委级项目和一般项目组成。通过这些项目的研究，中国科学院已在国际上圈－生物圈计划的一些核心计划，如全球古环境变化，全球变化和陆地生态系统，全在气化学，全球海洋通量研究以及世界气候研究计划 相似文献
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过去五年间,INQUA成员对参加全球变化研究的呼吁做出了积极的响应。全球变化研究旨在理解地球岩石圈与生物圈相互作用的动力学过程。通过运用不同学科对全球不同地区进行研究,INQUA目前正成为IGBP计划的主要参与者,因为不同学科间的交叉有助于我们完整地理解第四纪时期全球水分平衡、气候波动、大气成分、大洋环流和生物过程间的相互关系。 相似文献
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成冰纪全球冰期是地球历史上最极端的冰室气候事件,冰川作用波及赤道区域,全球可能都遭受了冰封,海洋广泛缺氧,生物演化进程迟滞。然而,冰期结束之后,大气氧浓度迅速升高,海洋发生逐步氧化,大型带刺疑源类和真核多细胞藻类在埃迪卡拉纪开始繁盛,出现最早的动物,地表生物圈发生了翻天覆地的变化。显然,成冰纪全球冰期事件是地球系统演化的重要转折。认识冰期的环境效应是认识埃迪卡拉纪生物演化的关键,也是打开地表宜居环境演化的钥匙。本文总结了近年来成冰纪全球冰期的气候假说、冰期沉积特征、海洋氧化还原条件及冰期后的大气与海洋环境剧变等方面的研究进展,简要分析了全球冰期研究中存在的问题,并对该领域未来研究提出了展望与建议。 相似文献
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中国全球变化研究的回顾与展望 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
文中简要回顾了中国全球变化研究的历史 ,指出 ,1986— 1990年是中国国际地圈生物圈计划(IGBP)研究的初期 ,围绕IGBP主要科学问题如古环境、气候和海平面变化以及地气相互作用方面开展了有计划、有组织的研究。1991— 1995年中国全球变化研究有了较大发展 ,研究范围扩展到陆地生态系统 ,全球气候变化预测、影响和对策 ,中国生存环境变化以及生物多样性保护和持续利用等领域。1996— 2 0 0 0年其研究进一步与社会可持续发展相结合 ,成功实施了一批以中国科学家领衔的国际研究计划。随着新世纪的来临 ,中国一系列全球变化大型研究计划相继启动 ,使全球变化研究进入了一个新的发展阶段 ,特别是集成研究方法的应用 ,在解决与公众利益密切相关的由环境恶化所带来的一系列重大问题 ,组织全球变化的区域响应以及全球变化适应性等研究方面得到了深化和加强。 相似文献
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用NCAR 公共气候模式CCM3.6进行了1872～1999年共128 a的给定月平均海温强迫下的全球气候变化模拟研究,以及给定月平均气候海温强迫下积分100 a的全球气候自然变化模拟研究,对模拟的全球气温的变化进行了分析,发现模式能很好地模拟全球年平均气温的年际变化和年代际变化.模拟的结果可以弥补早期气候观测资料的不足,这样,就可以用来估算覆盖面完整情况下的全球平均气候变暖趋势.把经过模拟补充的完整覆盖面情况下的百年全球年平均气温变化序列称为第一近似,其1900～1999年增暖趋势为0.87 ℃/100a,比用Jones序列不完整覆盖面得到的气候增暖趋势0.66 ℃/100a要大,更接近于IPCC报告的上限.实测海温强迫下模拟的气温,其EOF1为全球一致的趋势,其时间系数为向上的变暖趋势,反映全球一致性的变暖;EOF2类似于ENSO的模态;EOF3类似于PDO的模态;而气候海温强迫的积分结果,则没有全球一致的温度变化. 相似文献
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在综合分析假白榴正长岩物相组成的基础上,以碳酸钠为助剂,分解假白榴正长岩中主要矿物相,对其进行热力学分析,并与石灰石烧结法进行比较。烧结反应实验结果表明,采用碳酸钠为助剂,假白榴正长岩粉体在760～880 ℃条件下反应10～15 h,矿石中主要矿物的分解率可达971％。热力学计算结果表明,纯碱烧结法处理1 t假白榴正长岩矿石,消耗Na2CO3 065 t,且约95％的Na2CO3可以回收循环利用,消耗标准煤19097～20682 kg,排放CO2 077～081 t,一次性资源消耗量、标准煤耗、温室气体CO2排放量分别比石灰石烧结法分别减少了65％、63％、65％。纯碱烧结法具有一次性资源消耗低、能耗低和温室气体CO2排放量少等优点,工业化应用前景十分广阔。 相似文献
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1998—2012年,全球平均地面增温速率较之前明显趋缓,出现全球变暖停滞现象,该现象的成因与机制是当前气候变化研究的一个热点领域。主要从外部强迫和内部变率2个角度回顾全球变暖停滞产生机制的研究进展。从气候系统外部强迫影响来说,全球变暖停滞主要受到太阳活动、火山爆发、气溶胶以及平流层水汽等的影响。从气候系统内部调控作用来看,全球增温速率减缓主要受到太平洋、大西洋、印度洋和南大洋自然变率以及相应的热量再分配过程的影响。全球变暖停滞期间气候系统内部能量并没有减少,其中一部分能量被转移并储存在了海洋中深层,从而对全球增温减缓产生影响。同时,重点回顾了针对部分耦合强迫作用的"起搏器"试验,该类试验是研究全球变暖停滞的特征、成因及机制的有力手段。此外,也总结了全球变暖停滞现象对气候系统能量收支平衡、资料、模拟以及相关政策制定等方面带来的挑战,展望了未来的研究重点。 相似文献
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There is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and mortality. In healthy individuals with no underlying co-morbid conditions, there is an efficient heat regulation system which enables the body to effectively handle thermal stress. However, in vulnerable groups, especially in elderly over the age of 65 years, infants and individuals with co-morbid cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions, there is a deficiency in thermoregulation. When temperatures exceed a certain limit, being cold winter spells or heat waves, there is an increase in the number of deaths. In particular, it has been shown that at temperatures above 27 °C, the daily mortality rate increases more rapidly per degree rise compared to when it drops below 27 °C.This is especially of relevance with the current emergency of global warming. Besides the direct effect of temperature rises on human health, global warming will have a negative impact on primary producers and livestock, leading to malnutrition, which will in turn lead to a myriad of health related issues. This is further exacerbated by environmental pollution.Public health measures that countries should follow should include not only health-related information strategies aiming to reduce the exposure to heat for vulnerable individuals and the community, but improved urban planning and reduction in energy consumption, among many others. This will reduce the carbon footprint and help avert global warming, thus reducing mortality. 相似文献
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There is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and mortality. In healthy individuals with no underlying co-morbid conditions, there is an efficient heat regulation system which enables the body to effectively handle thermal stress. However, in vulnerable groups, especially in elderly over the age of 65 years, infants and individuals with co-morbid cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions, there is a deficiency in thermoregulation. When temperatures exceed a certain limit, being cold winter spells or heat waves, there is an increase in the number of deaths. In particular, it has been shown that at temperatures above 27 °C, the daily mortality rate increases more rapidly per degree rise compared to when it drops below 27 °C.This is especially of relevance with the current emergency of global warming. Besides the direct effect of temperature rises on human health, global warming will have a negative impact on primary producers and livestock, leading to malnutrition, which will in turn lead to a myriad of health related issues. This is further exacerbated by environmental pollution.Public health measures that countries should follow should include not only health-related information strategies aiming to reduce the exposure to heat for vulnerable individuals and the community, but improved urban planning and reduction in energy consumption, among many others. This will reduce the carbon footprint and help avert global warming, thus reducing mortality. 相似文献
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There is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and mortality. In healthy individuals with no underlying co-morbid conditions, there is an efficient heat regulation system which enables the body to effectively handle thermal stress. However, in vulnerable groups, especially in elderly over the age of 65 years, infants and individuals with co-morbid cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions, there is a deficiency in thermoregulation. When temperatures exceed a certain limit, being cold winter spells or heat waves, there is an increase in the number of deaths. In particular, it has been shown that at temperatures above 27 °C, the daily mortality rate increases more rapidly per degree rise compared to when it drops below 27 °C.This is especially of relevance with the current emergency of global warming. Besides the direct effect of temperature rises on human health, global warming will have a negative impact on primary producers and livestock, leading to malnutrition, which will in turn lead to a myriad of health related issues. This is further exacerbated by environmental pollution.Public health measures that countries should follow should include not only health-related information strategies aiming to reduce the exposure to heat for vulnerable individuals and the community, but improved urban planning and reduction in energy consumption, among many others. This will reduce the carbon footprint and help avert global warming, thus reducing mortality. 相似文献
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There is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and mortality. In healthy individuals with no underlying co-morbid conditions, there is an efficient heat regulation system which enables the body to effectively handle thermal stress. However, in vulnerable groups, especially in elderly over the age of 65 years, infants and individuals with co-morbid cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions, there is a deficiency in thermoregulation. When temperatures exceed a certain limit, being cold winter spells or heat waves, there is an increase in the number of deaths. In particular, it has been shown that at temperatures above 27 °C, the daily mortality rate increases more rapidly per degree rise compared to when it drops below 27 °C.This is especially of relevance with the current emergency of global warming. Besides the direct effect of temperature rises on human health, global warming will have a negative impact on primary producers and livestock, leading to malnutrition, which will in turn lead to a myriad of health related issues. This is further exacerbated by environmental pollution.Public health measures that countries should follow should include not only health-related information strategies aiming to reduce the exposure to heat for vulnerable individuals and the community, but improved urban planning and reduction in energy consumption, among many others. This will reduce the carbon footprint and help avert global warming, thus reducing mortality. 相似文献
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There is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and mortality. In healthy individuals with no underlying co-morbid conditions, there is an efficient heat regulation system which enables the body to effectively handle thermal stress. However, in vulnerable groups, especially in elderly over the age of 65 years, infants and individuals with co-morbid cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions, there is a deficiency in thermoregulation. When temperatures exceed a certain limit, being cold winter spells or heat waves, there is an increase in the number of deaths. In particular, it has been shown that at temperatures above 27 °C, the daily mortality rate increases more rapidly per degree rise compared to when it drops below 27 °C.This is especially of relevance with the current emergency of global warming. Besides the direct effect of temperature rises on human health, global warming will have a negative impact on primary producers and livestock, leading to malnutrition, which will in turn lead to a myriad of health related issues. This is further exacerbated by environmental pollution.Public health measures that countries should follow should include not only health-related information strategies aiming to reduce the exposure to heat for vulnerable individuals and the community, but improved urban planning and reduction in energy consumption, among many others. This will reduce the carbon footprint and help avert global warming, thus reducing mortality. 相似文献
19.
There is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and mortality. In healthy individuals with no underlying co-morbid conditions, there is an efficient heat regulation system which enables the body to effectively handle thermal stress. However, in vulnerable groups, especially in elderly over the age of 65 years, infants and individuals with co-morbid cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions, there is a deficiency in thermoregulation. When temperatures exceed a certain limit, being cold winter spells or heat waves, there is an increase in the number of deaths. In particular, it has been shown that at temperatures above 27 °C, the daily mortality rate increases more rapidly per degree rise compared to when it drops below 27 °C.This is especially of relevance with the current emergency of global warming. Besides the direct effect of temperature rises on human health, global warming will have a negative impact on primary producers and livestock, leading to malnutrition, which will in turn lead to a myriad of health related issues. This is further exacerbated by environmental pollution.Public health measures that countries should follow should include not only health-related information strategies aiming to reduce the exposure to heat for vulnerable individuals and the community, but improved urban planning and reduction in energy consumption, among many others. This will reduce the carbon footprint and help avert global warming, thus reducing mortality. 相似文献
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There is a significant relationship between ambient temperature and mortality. In healthy individuals with no underlying co-morbid conditions, there is an efficient heat regulation system which enables the body to effectively handle thermal stress. However, in vulnerable groups, especially in elderly over the age of 65 years, infants and individuals with co-morbid cardiovascular and/or respiratory conditions, there is a deficiency in thermoregulation. When temperatures exceed a certain limit, being cold winter spells or heat waves, there is an increase in the number of deaths. In particular, it has been shown that at temperatures above 27 °C, the daily mortality rate increases more rapidly per degree rise compared to when it drops below 27 °C.This is especially of relevance with the current emergency of global warming. Besides the direct effect of temperature rises on human health, global warming will have a negative impact on primary producers and livestock, leading to malnutrition, which will in turn lead to a myriad of health related issues. This is further exacerbated by environmental pollution.Public health measures that countries should follow should include not only health-related information strategies aiming to reduce the exposure to heat for vulnerable individuals and the community, but improved urban planning and reduction in energy consumption, among many others. This will reduce the carbon footprint and help avert global warming, thus reducing mortality. 相似文献