共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 555 毫秒
1.
本文回顾了８０年代以来国际上关于岩浆结晶及成矿作用过程的计算机模拟这一领域的研究进展,主要包括镁铁质干岩浆体系、长英质湿岩浆体系的岩浆结晶作用模拟,以及有关的岩浆矿床成矿作用、岩浆热液成矿作用的模拟。基于对这一领域研究现状和发展趋势的分析,笔者首次提出了模拟岩石学的概念。预测在今后５～１０年内,模拟岩石学将得到突飞猛进的发展,并将对现代岩石成因理论、实验岩石学与矿物学、实验地球化学、矿床成因理论和矿产预测及勘察理论产生重要影响。 相似文献
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岩浆不混溶作用过程中的岩浆动力学研究是岩石学研究领域中的一个空白。本文以粘性流体力学，流变学理论为基础，结合某些岩浆动力学实验结果，首次探讨了在岩浆发生不混溶作用过程中，某些岩浆的物理性质及贵浆运动的动力学的约束条件，主要包括：不混溶作用产生的两液相的分离速率，球体的沉浮条件，分布特征及雷诺数的计算方法，并探讨了这些参数在研究岩浆不混溶作用过程中的地质意义。 相似文献
3.
岩浆岩中的熔体包裹体 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
熔体包裹体是岩浆岩矿物生长过程中捕获的天然岩浆珠滴 ,它们有效地保存了大量有关其主矿物形成时周围岩浆介质的物理化学信息 ,所以它们是其主矿物结晶演化史的忠实记录员 ,它们能够提供岩浆系统成分和演化的重要信息。文中对熔体包裹体研究的若干基本原理进行了讨论 ,它们涉及 :(1)熔体包裹体的一般特征 ;(2 )熔体包裹体封闭过程中和封闭后的演化 ;(3)熔体包裹体的均一化研究 ;(4 )熔体包裹体化学成分和挥发组分研究。熔体包裹体研究可以对岩浆岩石学中的一些重要问题进行更为深入的探索 :(1)重建天然岩浆结晶演化的热历史 ;(2 )提供有关岩浆沿下降液相线的成分数据 ;(3)查明天然岩浆结晶演化过程中化学成分的变迁规律 ;(4 )解决岩浆岩石学中的一些疑难问题 ,如岩浆不混溶作用、岩浆混合作用、岩浆混染作用、岩浆中硫的性状、地幔部分熔融和地幔交代作用等方面的问题。将熔体包裹体数据和常规的岩石学、地球化学和实验岩石学信息综合一体 ,可以提高我们模拟岩浆作用过程的能力。熔体包裹体研究已经成为现代岩浆岩石学的一个独立的分支 ,其前景十分广阔。 相似文献
4.
对我国港边岩浆混合杂岩体进行系统的地质学、岩石学和矿物学研究，并将其分解为偏酸性端夺浆、基性端元岩浆、混合岩浆和非岩浆混合物４个单元，从不同的角度探讨了岩事和分离结晶作用同时发生对岩浆混合岩成分的制约，提出存在化学和机械两种岩交混合方式，证明了它们与基性岩侵放一起构成一个连续的岩交作用序列，最天野外造背景的判别综合提出港边港混合杂岩体的构造－岩浆模型。 相似文献
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孟庆丽 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1988,(1)
本文通过对山东莱芜地区与铁矿有成因关系的莱芜杂岩所作的矿物学、岩石学、岩石化学及地球化学方面的分析和讨论,初步认为这套岩石虽然从早至晚是由基性至中性至中偏碱(酸)性岩石构成,但不是单一岩浆结晶分异的产物。它是由幔源岩浆先形成基性岩,然后由壳源岩浆对其作用形成中性岩,晚期富钠流体对中性岩作用形成中偏碱(酸)性岩,故它是多源岩浆形成的杂岩。 相似文献
8.
西藏当雄羊应乡地热田新生代火山岩特征及其成因探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文首次较全面系统地研究了西藏当雄羊应乡地区与地热田有关的火山岩的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、岩石化学稀土微量元素等方面的特征,并根据这些特征及同位素年代学的方法和地层构造关系,把滨区新生代火山岩划分为4个喷发期,确定其喷发类型、规模、喷发旋回及岩相特征。通过现代岩石学的研究方法及理论分析,讨论该区火山岩的成因,并确定其岩浆并非原生岩浆,而是派生岩浆。采用了Stormer和Nicholls(1978)提出的主要元素质量平衡原理,进一步计算了派生岩浆演化的特点。通过(?)Sr/(?)"Sr的初始比值的研究,认为本区火山岩浆是来源于壳源下相当于辉长岩质成分的部分熔融结果。 相似文献
9.
岩浆包裹体研究已经成为现代火山岩岩石学的一项分支学科。研究方面涉及:重溯火山岩浆结晶演化的热历史,提供有关火山岩浆沿下降液相线的成分数据;查明火山岩浆结晶演化过程中化学成分(包括挥发组分)的变迁规律;查明各种岩浆事件的性质(分离结晶、不混溶、混合、混染),及其发生发展的物理化学条件;帮助探索解决某些疑难问题,如下地壳—上地幔的性质及玄武岩浆起源、细碧岩—角斑岩系的成因、测定蚀变火山岩建造的年龄等。此外,岩浆包裹体的实验岩石学研究,以及利用岩浆包裹体阐明火山建造的含矿性,研究火山沉积作用、地热作用等,对于火 相似文献
10.
主要根据第31届国际地质大会上关于花岗质岩浆作用与成矿，花岗岩系统及元古宙岩石圈过程，玄武岩，碱性侵入体的成因与侵位，碳酸岩、金伯利岩、钾镁粕斑岩及相关岩石，造山带酸性与中性火山岩，火山作用等方面的发言、论文及摘要，结合其它资料，对近些年来国际、国内火成岩石学领域的新进展和研究动向进行讨论。认为从20世纪末到21世纪初，在地球动力学和全球变化的总框架下，在人类对资源、环境、减灾重大需求的推动下，火成岩石学在地球物质科学、岩石探针、大火成岩省事件与超级地幔柱、地幔动力学、岩浆过程的物理学及超高压实验等方向取得了明显的进展。 相似文献
11.
Peter J Wyllie 《Journal of Earth System Science》1990,99(1):5-19
The paper is an overview of the current status on experimental petrology — its objectives and its major role in solving problems related to various earth processes. It describes how investigations related to solid-solid transitions, dehydration or decarbonation reactions, and melting studies have helped to formulate petrological models for the earth’s internal structure. It also describes how measurements of physical properties of minerals, melts and vapour under extreme conditions have provided vital information of fluid dynamics of magmatic systems. The paper narrates the role of experimental petrology in calibrating geophysical processes with petrological consequences. Model P-T-X (SiO2)-fluid systems are considered to emphasize the role of various gas species in shifting the solidus in a P-T space, in degrees of melting and composition of the melt. Synthetic models and study of whole rock systems are considered to discuss the zonation and metasomatic processes in the mantle of the earth. The paper is also concerned with mantle convection and the uprise of thermal plumes, particularly, in the oceanic environment. It discusses the petrological structures associated with the plume and shows how static petrological maps are modified by the dynamics of the plumes. 相似文献
12.
岩浆物理性质和流体动力学研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文评述了岩浆物理性质和流体动力学应用于火成岩岩石学研究的新进展，并强调了其地质成果。岩浆的密度和粘度是岩浆两个最重要的物理性质，岩浆密度和粘度的变化对岩浆流体动力学习性以及产生火成岩的多样性起了重要作用。岩浆房中的双扩散对流、岩浆房的再充填以及边界作用等是岩浆流体动力学的重要机制，对它们的研究，使人们对火成岩的成因和演化以及地球动力学产生了新的认识。本文还概述了流体动力学机制的主要地质结果，如：地幔对流、成矿作用、带状岩浆房、层状侵入体以及火山岩中的流体动力学等。但直到目前，岩浆流体动力学机制及其应用仍是一个崭新的研究领域。 相似文献
13.
Summary A plethora of evidence indicates that magma mixing processes can take place at any evolutionary stage of magmatic systems
and that they are extremely common in both plutonic and volcanic environments. Furthermore, recent studies have shown that
the magma mixing process is governed by chaotic dynamics whose evolution in space and time generates complex compositional
patterns. The fact that magma mixing processes can produce igneous bodies exhibiting a large compositional complexity brings
up the key question about the potential pitfalls that may be associated with the sampling of these systems for petrological
studies. In particular, since commonly only exiguous portions of the whole magmatic system are available as outcrops for sampling,
it is important to address the point whether the sampling may be considered representative of the complexity of the magmatic
system. Here, we attempt to address this crucial point by performing numerical simulations of magma mixing processes in 3D,
and by evaluating the best conditions for sampling by considering different landscape morphologies and percentages of vegetation
cover. It is shown that the goodness of sampling is strongly dependant on the roughness of the landscape, with highly irregular
morphologies being the best candidates to give the most complete information on the whole magma body. Vegetation cover, on
the contrary, does not appear to significantly influence the representativeness of sampling. 相似文献
14.
Silicate-melt inclusions in magmatic rocks: applications to petrology 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Silicate-melt inclusions in igneous rocks provide important information on the composition and evolution of magmatic systems. Such inclusions represent accidentally trapped silicate melt (±immiscible H2O and/or CO2 fluids) that allow one to follow the evolution of magmas through snapshots, corresponding to specific evolution steps. This information is available on condition that they remained isolated from the enclosing magma after their entrapment. The following steps of investigation are discussed: (a) detailed petrographic studies to characterise silicate-melt inclusion primary characters and posttrapping evolution, including melt crystallisation; (b) high temperature studies to rehomogenise the inclusion content and select chemically representative inclusions: chemical compositions should be compared to relevant phase diagrams.
Silicate-melt inclusion studies allow us to concentrate on specific topics; inclusion studies in early crystallising phases allow the characterisation of primary magmas, while in more differentiated rocks, they unravel the subsequent chemical evolution. The distribution of volatile species (i.e., H2O, CO2, S, Cl) in inclusion glass can provide information on the degassing processes and on recycling of subducted material. In intrusive rocks, silicate melt inclusions may preserve direct evidence of magmatic stage evolution (e.g., immiscibility phenomena). Melt inclusions in mantle xenoliths indicate that high-silica melts can coexist with mantle peridotites and give information on the presence of carbonate melt within the upper mantle. Thus, combining silicate-melt inclusion data with conventional petrological and geochemical information and experimental petrology can increase our ability to model magmatic processes. 相似文献
15.
Petro Gram is an Excel?based magmatic petrology program that generates numerical and graphical models.Petro Gram can model the magmatic processes such as melting,crystallization,assimilation and magma mixing based on the trace element and isotopic data.The program can produce both inverse and forward geochemical models for melting processes(e.g.forward model for batch,fractional and dynamic melting,and inverse model for batch and dynamic melting).However,the program uses a forward modeling approach for magma differentiation processes such as crystallization(EC:Equilibruim Crystallization,FC:Fractional Crystallization,IFC:Imperfect Fractional Crystallization and In-situ Crystallization),assimilation(AFC:Assimilation Fractional Crystallization,Decoupled FC-A:Decoupled Fractional Crystallization and Assimillation,A-IFC:Assimilation and Imperfect Fractional Crystallization)and magma mixing.One of the most important advantages of the program is that the melt composition obtained from any partial melting model can be used as a starting composition of the crystallization,assimilation and magma mixing.In addition,Petro Gram is able to carry out the classification,tectonic setting,multi-element(spider)and isotope correlation diagrams,and basic calculations including Mg^#,Eu/Eu^*,εSrandεNdwidely used in magmatic petrology. 相似文献
16.
岩浆是将地球内部物质传送到表层系统的主要载体,并造成显著的资源聚集和环境效应。岩浆动力学是研究岩浆的迁移、储存、演化、就位以及喷发过程,侧重物理机制。这些岩浆过程主要发生在岩浆通道系统中,包括岩浆储库和岩浆管道。本文对目前国际岩浆动力学领域一些热点和前沿进行了介绍,这包括从岩浆房到岩浆储库概念的转变、岩浆储库的生长和动力学演化过程、岩浆过程的时间尺度以及岩浆中晶体的生长。然后阐述了岩浆中挥发分的种类和溶解度、获取天然岩浆挥发分含量的方法、一些典型镁铁质岩浆中的挥发分含量、岩浆去气的化学和物理机制,并简要梳理了热液金属矿床的形成过程和岩浆挥发分进入地表圈层系统引发的环境气候效应。最后列举了一些岩浆动力学有关的重要科学问题并建议了进一步的研究方向。 相似文献
17.
Rates of magmatic processes in a cooling magma chamber wereinvestigated for alkali basalt and trachytic andesite lavaserupted sequentially from Rishiri Volcano, northern Japan, bydating of these lavas using 238U–230Th radioactive disequilibriumand 14C dating methods, in combination with theoretical analyses.We obtained the eruption age of the basaltic lavas to be 29·3± 0·6 ka by 14C dating of charcoals. The eruptionage of the andesitic lavas was estimated to be 20·2 ±3·1 ka, utilizing a whole-rock isochron formed by U–Thfractionation as a result of degassing after lava emplacement.Because these two lavas represent a series of magmas producedby assimilation and fractional crystallization in the same magmachamber, the difference of the ages (i.e. 9 kyr) is a timescaleof magmatic evolution. The thermal and chemical evolution ofthe Rishiri magma chamber was modeled using mass and energybalance constraints, as well as quantitative information obtainedfrom petrological and geochemical observations on the lavas.Using the timescale of 9 kyr, the thickness of the magma chamberis estimated to have been about 1·7 km. The model calculationsshow that, in the early stage of the evolution, the magma cooledat a relatively high rate (>0·1°C/year), and thecooling rate decreased with time. Convective heat flux fromthe main magma body exceeded 2 W/m2 when the magma was basaltic,and the intensity diminished exponentially with magmatic evolution.Volume flux of crustal materials to the magma chamber and rateof convective melt exchange (compositional convection) betweenthe main magma and mush melt also decreased with time, from 0·1 m/year to 10–3 m/year, and from 1 m/yearto 10–2 m/year, respectively, as the magmas evolved frombasaltic to andesitic compositions. Although the mechanism ofthe cooling (i.e. thermal convection and/or compositional convection)of the main magma could not be constrained uniquely by the model,it is suggested that compositional convection was not effectivein cooling the main magma, and the magma chamber is consideredto have been cooled by thermal convection, in addition to heatconduction. KEY WORDS: convection; magma chamber; heat and mass transport; timescale; U-series disequilibria 相似文献
18.
河南桐柏老湾花岗岩岩浆动力学与成矿 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
基于岩浆岩岩石学、流体动力学、热力学研究。本文计算了河南桐伯老湾花岗岩岩浆过程的上升速度、冷凝速度及岩浆熔体的密度、粘度、含水量等物理参数，探讨了熔体中晶体的成核密度和生长速度以及岩浆对流形式等动力学行为，并分析了它们与成矿作用的联系。研究表明，老湾花岗岩岩浆含水量为4．76％，在侵位的温度和压力下是饱和的，较高的水含量有利于矿化。老湾花岗岩熔体上升较快而冷却缓慢，晶体成核密度和生长速度较低，以挥发分为迁移形式的成分对流是熔体中成矿物质迁移、富集的主要方式。老湾花岗岩特殊的岩浆物理性质和动力学行为指示其岩浆作用与老湾金矿床的形成具有密切的成因联系。 相似文献
19.
辽西义县盆地火山岩的基本特征及其成因探讨 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
通过对辽西义县盆地火山岩的岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学特征的研究，指出本区火山岩属于一套弱碱性、普通型的火山岩系列．通过热力学计算以及对岩石结构和动力学的分析，表明原始岩浆来自上地幔（约６７ｋｍ），并在约１７ｋｍ处（上下地壳附近）形成高位岩浆房．在高位岩浆房中，由于岩浆的双扩散对流作用，发生了伴随有分离结晶作用的液相分异作用，而同化混染作用则发生于岩浆演化的早期。喷出的岩浆成分受断裂切过高位岩浆房的相对位置的控制。 相似文献