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1.
测斜仪在滑坡变形监测中的应用 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
介绍了测斜仪的工作原理及其在滑坡变形监测中的应用,并与钻探成果进行了对照。根据测斜成果曲线,可以较好地对滑动面的分布情况、滑动机制作出某种程度的判断,为滑坡的治理设计提供重要的依据。说明测斜仪在滑坡监测中的应用是可行的。 相似文献
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钻孔倾斜仪监测在塘角村1^#滑坡预警监测中的作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塘角村1^#滑坡是三峡库区地质灾害防治监测预警工程Ⅲ期专业监测点。监测方法为滑体深部位移监测、地表位移监测,同时开展地表宏观变形调查。2007年4月滑坡开始出现变形;其中滑体深部位移由钻孔倾斜仪监测,最早发现滑体变形,随后地表位移GPS监测滑体出现变形,同时滑体地表出现裂缝,滑体局部产生溜滑现象;文章通过滑体深部位移实测监测数据纵向分析,结合与其它监测方法（GPS）监测数据进行横向对比分析印证,判断钻孔倾斜仪监测数据的有效性、准确性;阐述钻孔倾斜仪监测在塘角村1号滑坡预警监测中的重要作用。 相似文献
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《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101493
Landslides are serious geohazards that occur under a variety of climatic conditions and can cause many casualties and significant economic losses. Centrifuge modelling, as a representative type of physical modelling, provides a realistic simulation of the stress level in a small-scale model and has been applied over the last 50 years to develop a better understanding of landslides. With recent developments in this technology, the application of centrifuge modelling in landslide science has significantly increased. Here, we present an overview of physical models that can capture landslide processes during centrifuge modelling. This review focuses on (i) the experimental principles and considerations, (ii) landslide models subjected to various triggering factors, including centrifugal acceleration, rainfall, earthquakes, water level changes, thawing permafrost, excavation, external loading and miscellaneous conditions, and (iii) different methods for mitigating landslides modelled in centrifuge, such as the application of nails, piles, geotextiles, vegetation, etc. The behaviors of all the centrifuge models are discussed, with emphasis on the deformation and failure mechanisms and experimental techniques. Based on this review, we provide a best-practice methodology for preparing a centrifuge landslide test and propose further efforts in terms of the seven aspects of model materials, testing design and equipment, measurement methods, scaling laws, full-scale test applications, landslide early warning, and 3D modelling to better understand the complex behaviour of landslides. 相似文献
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To address the current data and understanding knowledge gap in landslide dam inventories related to geomorphological parameters, a new global-scale landslide dam dataset named River Augmented Global Landslide Dams (RAGLAD) was created. RAGLAD is a collection of landslide dam records from multiple data sources published in various languages and many of these records we have been able to precisely geolocate. In total, 779 landslide dam records were compiled from 34 countries/regions. The spatial distribution, time trend, triggers, and geomorphological characteristic of the landslides and catchments where landslide dams formed are summarized. The relationships between geomorphological characteristics for landslides that form river dams are discussed and compared with those of landslides more generally. Additionally, a potential threshold for landslide dam formation is proposed, based on the relationship of landslide volume to river width. Our findings from our analysis of the value of the use of additional fluvial datasets to augment the database parameters indicate that they can be applied as a reliable supplemental data source, when the landslide dam records were accurately and precisely geolocated, although location precision in smaller river catchment areas can result in some uncertainty at this scale. This newly collected and supplemented dataset will allow the analysis and development of new relationships between landslides located near rivers and their actual propensity to block those particular rivers based on their geomorphology.
相似文献6.
石榴树包滑坡变形监测及演化趋势分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
石榴树包滑坡是长江三峡河段中大型滑坡之一黄腊石滑坡群的一个重要组成部分,它位于巴东县城东1.5km的长江北岸,下距三峡坝址66km。该滑坡体现代变形活动自20世纪70年代以来渐趋明显,特别是三峡水库蓄水以来,滑坡的变形十分显著。本文在调查分析石榴树包滑坡形态特征、结构特征及变形破坏特征的基础上,基于滑坡10多年的变形监测资料,研究了石榴树包滑坡的影响因素和变形演化特征和规律,并利用灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了滑坡的变形发展趋势,为滑坡减灾防灾实践和滑坡治理方案的设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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G. Herrera J.A. Fernndez-Merodo J. Mulas M. Pastor G. Luzi O. Monserrat 《Engineering Geology》2009,105(3-4):220-230
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Past landslides have been recognized in the Battice area in E-Belgium. In contrast to the other inactive landslides, the Manaihan landslide responded immediately to heavy rainfall events in the last two decades. This study aims to map its spatial extent and the dominant surface features; to measure surface displacement using GPS; to investigate subsurface structure with Cone penetration test (CPT) and corings; and to determine the depth of the shear surface by inclinometers. Results show a partial landslide reactivation. Surface velocities range between 20 and 40 cm/year and are strongly dependent on winter rainfall. CPT results give clear boundaries between the landslide mass and the undisturbed bedrock in the head scarp. Distinct shear surfaces have been determined with displacement rates up to 15.8 mm in 21 days. Further research should apply geophysical methods for two-dimensional information on the ground, investigate geotechnical properties of the landslide mass, model slope instability, and determine the influence of a sewage pipe crossing the central landslide mass as a potential cause for landslide activity. 相似文献
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岷江某水电站库区1＃滑坡,系白水寨古地滑堆积体下部,受1933年叠溪地震影响,而形成的一个老滑坡。2001年水库正常蓄水(1475m)后,滑坡出现明显变形迹象,2003年初,库水位下调至1470m,滑坡变形开始趋缓。笔者根据滑坡区地形地质条件,结合现场调查访问、监测资料分析,认为水库蓄水所引起的孔压(浮托力)增加是古滑坡复活的主要动因。二维FLAC数值模拟表明,在库水位由1450m(蓄水前)1475m1470m的变动过程中,滑坡变形呈现出相对平稳急剧增加增速减缓的特征,证实了上述认识。稳定性计算表明,在蓄水1475及暴雨或地震条件下,滑坡稳定性系数为0.90~0.99,即该滑坡将失稳。为使水库恢复至正常蓄水位,对该滑坡进行治理非常必要,治理方案建议以抗滑支挡为主,排水措施为辅。 相似文献
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Various controlling factors such as lithology, slope angle, slope aspect, landuse, channel proximity etc. are generally considered for the landslide hazard assessment. Although outer dependence of these parameters to a landslide is inevitably taken into account, inter-dependence among the factors is seldom addressed. Analytic Network Process (ANP) is the multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) tool which takes into account such a complex relationship among parameters. In this research, an ANP model for landslide susceptibility is proposed, priority weights for each parameter controlling the landslide were determined, and a hazard map was prepared of an area in a fragile mountainous terrain in the eastern part of Nepal. The data used in the example were derived from published sources, aerial photographs and a topographic map. However, the procedures developed can readily incorporate additional information from more detailed investigations. 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(9-10):223-232
Landslide is considered as one of the major natural hazards that cause enormous social and economic losses. Some techniques have been introduced to monitor the stability of slopes, such as the global positioning system (GPS), the geographic information system (GIS), aerial photography, and inclinometers. Each one of these offers advantages against others, but at the same time also possesses different limitations. Acoustic emission (AE) has recently been recognized as one of the feasible techniques to monitor soil slope. This article addresses issues involved in application of AE techniques for soil slope monitoring. If it is properly instrumented, AE could provide effective solutions for detecting early activities related to landslide development and giving early warning to such failures. 相似文献
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滑坡风险评估实践中的难点与对策 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
滑坡风险评估的难点和问题一直是国内外学者讨论和研究的热点。当前,发达国家和香港地区制定了滑坡风险评估与管理的指导原则或规范,并通过案例研究为执行这些规范或指南提供了范例。在国内现阶段滑坡风险评估的实践中风险评估还难以实施,问题主要是如何合理地获取适宜的数据、模型方法与实践脱节、缺乏标准与规范,以及结果的验证与检验等。从数据获取与更新、风险评估与制图模型方法、标准与技术方法体系和结果的验证4个方面进行论述,并提出了相应的对策方案,以期起到抛砖引玉的作用,推动和促进国内地质灾害风险评估管理指南的实施。 相似文献
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Landslide impacts on infrastructure and society in the Federal Republic of Germany are associated with damage costs of about US$300 million on annual average. Despite the large overall losses due to widespread landslide activity, there is a lack of historical impact assessments, not just for Germany’s low mountain areas but those of entire Central Europe as well. This paper is a collection of three case studies from Germany that seek a better understanding of landslide impacts and their economic relevance at local and regional level. The first case study investigates damage types and mitigation measures at a representative landslide site in ways that support to gain insight into historical hazard interactions with land use practices. This case history is followed by a case study dealing with fiscal cost impacts of landslide damages for an example city and the highway system of the Lower Saxon Uplands, NW Germany. In addition to a cost-burden analysis for affected public budgets, an overview of the principles of disaster financing in landslide practice is given. The third case study is focused on the conflicts of urban development in hazard areas, with an economic approach to balancing safety and public welfare interests. Each case study is based on historical data sets extracted from Germany’s national landslide database. This paper presents three different case studies that in combination are a first step towards assessing landslide impacts in integrated perspective. 相似文献
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Gerardo Herrera Rosa María Mateos Juan Carlos García-Davalillo Gilles Grandjean Eleftheria Poyiadji Raluca Maftei Tatiana-Constantina Filipciuc Mateja Jemec Auflič Jernej Jež Laszlo Podolszki Alessandro Trigila Carla Iadanza Hugo Raetzo Arben Kociu Maria Przyłucka Marcin Kułak Michael Sheehy Xavier M. Pellicer Charise McKeown Graham Ryan Veronika Kopačková Michaela Frei Dirk Kuhn Reginald L. Hermanns Niki Koulermou Colby A. Smith Mats Engdahl Pere Buxó Marta Gonzalez Claire Dashwood Helen Reeves Francesca Cigna Pavel Liščák Peter Pauditš Vidas Mikulėnas Vedad Demir Margus Raha Lídia Quental Cvjetko Sandić Balazs Fusi Odd Are Jensen 《Landslides》2018,15(2):359-379
Landslides are one of the most widespread geohazards in Europe, producing significant social and economic impacts. Rapid population growth in urban areas throughout many countries in Europe and extreme climatic scenarios can considerably increase landslide risk in the near future. Variability exists between European countries in both the statutory treatment of landslide risk and the use of official assessment guidelines. This suggests that a European Landslides Directive that provides a common legal framework for dealing with landslides is necessary. With this long-term goal in mind, this work analyzes the landslide databases from the Geological Surveys of Europe focusing on their interoperability and completeness. The same landslide classification could be used for the 849,543 landslide records from the Geological Surveys, from which 36% are slides, 10% are falls, 20% are flows, 11% are complex slides, and 24% either remain unclassified or correspond to another typology. Most of them are mapped with the same symbol at a scale of 1:25,000 or greater, providing the necessary information to elaborate European-scale susceptibility maps for each landslide type. A landslide density map was produced for the available records from the Geological Surveys (LANDEN map) showing, for the first time, 210,544 km2 landslide-prone areas and 23,681 administrative areas where the Geological Surveys from Europe have recorded landslides. The comparison of this map with the European landslide susceptibility map (ELSUS 1000 v1) is successful for most of the territory (69.7%) showing certain variability between countries. This comparison also permitted the identification of 0.98 Mkm2 (28.9%) of landslide-susceptible areas without records from the Geological Surveys, which have been used to evaluate the landslide database completeness. The estimated completeness of the landslide databases (LDBs) from the Geological Surveys is 17%, varying between 1 and 55%. This variability is due to the different landslide strategies adopted by each country. In some of them, landslide mapping is systematic; others only record damaging landslides, whereas in others, landslide maps are only available for certain regions or local areas. Moreover, in most of the countries, LDBs from the Geological Surveys co-exist with others owned by a variety of public institutions producing LDBs at variable scales and formats. Hence, a greater coordination effort should be made by all the institutions working in landslide mapping to increase data integration and harmonization. 相似文献
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Impact of predicted climate change on landslide reactivation: case study of Mam Tor, UK 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Global change is expected to result in worldwide increases in temperature and alteration of rainfall patterns. Such changes
have the potential to modify stability of slopes, both natural and constructed. This paper discusses the potential effect
of global climate change on reactivation of landslides through examination of predicted changes in rainfall pattern on the
active landslide at Mam Tor, Derbyshire, UK. This landslide is of Pleistocene origin and is crossed by a road that is now
abandoned. Damaging winter movement is known to occur when precipitation reaches both 1-month triggering and 6-month antecedent
thresholds. Return periods for threshold exceedence is modelled statistically, and the climate change data from the UKCIP
2002 report (Hulme et al. 2002) is applied to this model. For the predicted changes in precipitation, it is shown that the instability threshold could decrease
from 4 to 3.5 years by the 2080s for the medium–high climate change scenario. However, predicted temperature changes could
influence the response of the landslide through increased evapotranspiration leading to a change in the triggering precipitation
thresholds, and this will help counter the impact of changes in precipitation. Analysis of sources of uncertainty in the model
has been used to establish the factors that contribute to the predicted changes in stability. Assessment of these factors
can provide an indication of the potential impact of climate change on landslides in other areas of the UK. 相似文献
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This paper presents a numerical approach to analyse the stability of slopes in soils with strain-softening behaviour. In these materials, a progressive failure can occur owing to a reduction of strength with increasing strain. Such a phenomenon can be analysed using methods that are able to simulate the formation and development of the shear zones in which strain localises. From a computational point of view, this presents many difficulties because the numerical procedures currently used are often affected by a lack of convergence, and the solution may depend strongly on the mesh adopted. In order to overcome these numerical drawbacks, in the present study use is made of a non-local elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model within the framework of the finite element method. The Mohr–Coulomb yield function is adopted, and the strain-softening behaviour of the soil is simulated by reducing the strength parameters with the increasing deviatoric plastic strain. To assess the reliability of the proposed approach, some comparisons with the results obtained using other constitutive models for soils with strain-softening behaviour are presented. Finally, a slope subjected to a prescribed process of weathering is considered, and the effects of this process on the slope stability are discussed. 相似文献
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杨家岭1~#滑坡稳定性影响因素及敏感性分析 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
杨家岭滑坡区地质条件复杂 ,且严重影响了 2 0 9国道的正常使用 ,本文研究了影响该滑坡稳定性的各类因素及滑坡稳态对这些因素的敏感性问题。研究表明 ,滑坡的稳定性受多种因素影响 ,主要包括滑坡岩土体容重、滑带的c、值、滑体的c、值、滑坡内地下水的动态和地震作用等等 ,其中滑带的抗剪强度指标c、值、地下水作用和地震作用是滑坡稳态的最敏感因素 ,甚至成为诱发因素。文中还通过研究滑坡坡面加固力的大小、方位与稳定系数的关系 ,确立了滑坡整治方案的最佳加固角 ,为滑坡的综合防治提供了可靠依据 相似文献
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岘山垭公路路堑滑坡膨胀土特性及机制探讨 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
襄樊岘山垭地区膨胀土滑坡是影响公路交通的重大地质病害。曾投入了大量资金进行整治均没有收到良好效果。在探明岘山垭膨胀土滑坡的一些重要性质基础上，利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）分析仪和扫描电子显微镜（SEM），综合常规物理力学实验，对滑坡膨胀土物理性质、微观结构进行了深入研究。以此为基础，探讨了该区膨胀土一些特性在滑坡形成演化中的作用，进一步阐明了该滑坡的形成机制，总结了膨胀土滑坡的一些重要规律，对于深入研究膨胀土滑坡及滑坡整治有十分重要的意义。 相似文献