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1.
The Central European Basin is a classic area of salt tectonics, characterized by heterogeneous structural evolution and complex salt movement history. We studied an area on its SW margin, based on prestack depth-migrated 2D and 3D seismic data. We use seismic interpretation and retro-deformation to obtain a better understanding of salt tectonics, structural control, and sedimentary response in this region. The first phase of salt tectonic evolution started with two main events of NW–SE extension and rafting in the Triassic before the Upper Bunter and before the Upper Muschelkalk. Rafting was accompanied by first salt diapirism and an increased sedimentary thickness adjacent to the salt structure. After salt supply ceased updip to the salt structure, a mini-basin grew in the intra-raft area. This sedimentary differential loading caused salt movement and growth of a pillow structure basinward. The second phase of salt movement was initiated by the formation of a NNW–SSE striking basement graben in the Middle Keuper that triggered reactive diapirism, the breakthrough of the pillow’s roof and salt extrusion. The following downbuilding process was characterized by sedimentary wedges with basal unconformities, onlap structures and salt extrusions that ceased in the Jurassic. The third and latest phase of salt tectonic evolution was activated in the Late Cretaceous to Lower Tertiary by compressional tectonics indicated by salt rise and a small horizontal shortening of the diapir. The interpreted salt tectonic processes and the resulting geometries can now be better tied in with the regional heterogeneous framework of the basin. Unfortunately, the entire article was originally published Online First with errors. The publishers wish to apologize for this mistake. The correct article is shown here. The online version of the original article can be found at  相似文献   

2.
The NW–SE-striking Northeast German Basin (NEGB) forms part of the Southern Permian Basin and contains up to 8 km of Permian to Cenozoic deposits. During its polyphase evolution, mobilization of the Zechstein salt layer resulted in a complex structural configuration with thin-skinned deformation in the basin and thick-skinned deformation at the basin margins. We investigated the role of salt as a decoupling horizon between its substratum and its cover during the Mesozoic deformation by integration of 3D structural modelling, backstripping and seismic interpretation. Our results suggest that periods of Mesozoic salt movement correlate temporally with changes of the regional stress field structures. Post-depositional salt mobilisation was weakest in the area of highest initial salt thickness and thickest overburden. This also indicates that regional tectonics is responsible for the initiation of salt movements rather than stratigraphic density inversion.Salt movement mainly took place in post-Muschelkalk times. The onset of salt diapirism with the formation of N–S-oriented rim synclines in Late Triassic was synchronous with the development of the NNE–SSW-striking Rheinsberg Trough due to regional E–W extension. In the Middle and Late Jurassic, uplift affected the northern part of the basin and may have induced south-directed gravity gliding in the salt layer. In the southern part, deposition continued in the Early Cretaceous. However, rotation of salt rim synclines axes to NW–SE as well as accelerated rim syncline subsidence near the NW–SE-striking Gardelegen Fault at the southern basin margin indicates a change from E–W extension to a tectonic regime favoring the activation of NW–SE-oriented structural elements. During the Late Cretaceous–Earliest Cenozoic, diapirism was associated with regional N–S compression and progressed further north and west. The Mesozoic interval was folded with the formation of WNW-trending salt-cored anticlines parallel to inversion structures and to differentially uplifted blocks. Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic compression caused partial inversion of older rim synclines and reverse reactivation of some Late Triassic to Jurassic normal faults in the salt cover. Subsequent uplift and erosion affected the pre-Cenozoic layers in the entire basin. In the Cenozoic, a last phase of salt tectonic deformation was associated with regional subsidence of the basin. Diapirism of the maturest pre-Cenozoic salt structures continued with some Cenozoic rim synclines overstepping older structures. The difference between the structural wavelength of the tighter folded Mesozoic interval and the wider Cenozoic structures indicates different tectonic regimes in Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.We suggest that horizontal strain propagation in the brittle salt cover was accommodated by viscous flow in the decoupling salt layer and thus salt motion passively balanced Late Triassic extension as well as parts of Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary compression.  相似文献   

3.
The study provides a regional seismic interpretation and mapping of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic succession of the Lusitanian Basin and the shelf and slope area off Portugal. The seismic study is compared with previous studies of the Lusitanian Basin. From the Late Triassic to the Cretaceous the study area experienced four rift phases and intermittent periods of tectonic quiescence. The Triassic rifting was concentrated in the central part of the Lusitanian Basin and in the southernmost part of the study area, both as symmetrical grabens and half-grabens. The evolution of half-grabens was particularly prominent in the south. The Triassic fault-controlled subsidence ceased during the latest Late Triassic and was succeeded by regional subsidence during the early Early Jurassic (Hettangian) when deposition of evaporites took place. A second rift phase was initiated in the Early Jurassic, most likely during the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian. This resulted in minor salt movements along the most prominent faults. The second phase was concentrated to the area south of the Nazare Fault Zone and resulted here in the accumulation of a thick Sinemurian–Callovian succession. Following a major hiatus, probably as a result of the opening of the Central Atlantic, resumed deposition occurred during the Late Jurassic. Evidence for Late Jurassic fault-controlled subsidence is widespread over the whole basin. The pattern of Late Jurassic subsidence appears to change across the Nazare Fault Zone. North of the Nazare Fault, fault-controlled subsidence occurred mainly along NNW–SSE-trending faults and to the south of this fault zone a NNE–SSW fault pattern seems to dominate. The Oxfordian rift phase is testified in onlapping of the Oxfordian succession on salt pillows which formed in association with fault activity. The fourth and final rift phase was in the latest Late Jurassic or earliest Early Cretaceous. The Jurassic extensional tectonism resulted in triggering of salt movement and the development of salt structures along fault zones. However, only salt pillow development can be demonstrated. The extensional tectonics ceased during the Early Cretaceous. During most of the Cretaceous, regional subsidence occurred, resulting in the deposition of a uniform Lower and Upper Cretaceous succession. Marked inversion of former normal faults, particularly along NE–SW-trending faults, and development of salt diapirs occurred during the Middle Miocene, probably followed by tectonic pulses during the Late Miocene to present. The inversion was most prominent in the central and southern parts of the study area. In between these two areas affected by structural inversion, fault-controlled subsidence resulted in the formation of the Cenozoic Lower Tagus Basin. Northwest of the Nazare Fault Zone the effect of the compressional tectonic regime quickly dies out and extensional tectonic environment seems to have prevailed. The Miocene compressional stress was mainly oriented NW–SE shifting to more N–S in the southern part.  相似文献   

4.
本文论述了江汉平原地区东部区域构造格架与局部构造样式及其构造演化,指出该地区中古生界以发育挤压性构造为主,具有对冲干涉、南北分带、纵向叠置的结构特征。全区分为南部江南-雪峰滑脱推覆构造带、中部对冲(背冲)构造带、北部秦岭大别推覆构造带三个主体构造带。多期次构造变形变位及岩浆活动作用,发育了挤压构造、压扭走滑构造、刺穿和隐刺穿构造、张性构造四类基本构造样式。一般认为震旦纪至早、中三叠世本区及中扬子区经历了两期板块汇聚、增生、裂解、俯冲、陆内碰撞造山的构造旋回;之后经历了晚三叠世前陆斜坡演化阶段;侏罗纪末期陆内造山、挤压褶皱演化阶段;侏罗纪后-早白垩世剥蚀夷平、岩浆岩活动改造演化阶段;中晚白垩世-古近纪构造负反转、断陷演化阶段;新近纪构造体制再次正反转、区域挤压抬升演化阶段。多期构造运动导致多种原型盆地改造叠加使江汉平原东部地区的构造格局复杂多变。  相似文献   

5.
渤海海域莱州湾凹陷盐构造成因探讨   总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1  
通过分析莱州湾凹陷盐构造特征,盐构造形成动力条件,探讨莱州湾凹陷盐构造成因,讨论了走滑背景下盐岩活动特点。分析表明,莱州湾凹陷盐层构造发育刺穿性盐株和枕状底辟,欠压实、超压破裂、潜伏走滑断层和楔形体的重力扩张促使了莱州湾凹陷盐岩早期流动;渐新世右行走滑阶段,走滑压扭作用下形成刺穿盐株;盐构造活动可分为沙三末期-沙一段沉积期盐流动阶段、中晚渐新世东营沉积时期盐刺穿阶段、中新世-第四纪盐构造再次活化三个阶段。走滑断裂作用下盐岩以流动为主,发育典型的刺穿型盐底辟。  相似文献   

6.
A dense grid of multichannel high-resolution seismic sections from the Bay of Kiel in the western Baltic Sea has been interpreted in order to reveal the Mesozoic and Cenozoic geological evolution of the northern part of the North German Basin. The overall geological evolution of the study area can be separated into four distinct periods. During the Triassic and the Early Jurassic, E–W extension and the deposition of clastic sediments initiated the movement of the underlying Zechstein evaporites. The deposition ceased during the Middle Jurassic, when the entire area was uplifted as a result of the Mid North Sea Doming. The uplift resulted in a pronounced erosion of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic strata. This event is marked by a clear angular unconformity on all the seismic sections. The region remained an area of non-deposition until the end of the Early Cretaceous, when the sedimentation resumed in the area. Throughout the Late Cretaceous the sedimentation took place under tectonic quiescence. Reactivated salt movement is observed at the Cretaceous Cenozoic transition as a result of the change from an extensional to compressional regional stress field. The vertical salt movement influenced the Cenozoic sedimentation and resulted in thin-skinned faulting.  相似文献   

7.
A 3D structural model for the entire southwestern Baltic Sea and the adjacent onshore areas was created with the purpose to analyse the structural framework and the sediment distribution in the area. The model was compiled with information from several geological time-isochore maps and digital depth maps from the area and consists of six post-Rotliegend successions: The Upper Permian Zechstein; Lower Triassic; Middle Triassic; Upper Triassic–Jurassic; Cretaceous and Cenozoic. This structural model was the basis for a 3D backstripping approach, considering salt flow as a consequence of spatially changing overburden load distribution, isostatic rebound and sedimentary compaction for each backstripping step in order to reconstruct the subsidence history in the region. This method allows determination of the amount of tectonic subsidence or uplifting as a consequence of the regional stress field acting on the basin and was followed by a correlation with periods of active salt movement. In general, the successions above the highly deformed Zechstein evaporites reveal a thickening trend towards the Glückstadt Graben, which also experienced the highest amount of tectonic subsidence during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Two periods of accelerating salt movement in the area has been correlated with the E–W directed extension during the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and later by the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic inversion, suggesting that the regional stress field plays a key role in halokinesis. The final part of this work dealt with a neotectonic forward modelling in an attempt to predict the future topography when the system is in a tectonic equilibrium. The result reveals that many of the salt structures in the region are still active and that future coastline will run with a WNW–ESE trend, arguing that the compressional stresses related to the Alpine collision are the prime factor for the present-day landscape evolution.  相似文献   

8.
青海木里三露天井田构造沉降史分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
根据三露天井田的煤田钻孔和地质勘查报告等资料,应用回剥技术分析研究区从晚古生代石炭纪以来的沉降史及构造演化特征,讨论了水合物形成与构 造演化的关系。模拟结果显示,研究区自石炭纪以来主要经历了4期沉降和3期抬升:石炭纪至晚三叠世,沉降由慢转快,沉降幅度较大;晚三叠世末期,由于晚印支运动影响构造抬升;早侏 罗世至早白垩世,快速沉降;晚白垩世,燕山运动导致区域隆升;中新世发生较快速沉降;上新世受青藏高原隆升影响,快速隆升,随后第四纪又出现较快速沉降。沉降史模拟结果为研究区 构造演化提供了定量或半定量的参数。三露天构造沉降对天然气水合物形成的控制作用体现在影响烃源岩成熟度和温压稳定带的形成两方面。  相似文献   

9.
南海及其围区中生代岩相古地理和构造演化   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
周蒂  孙珍  陈汉宗  丘元禧 《地学前缘》2005,12(3):204-218
以岩相古地理分析和编图为基础,结合构造变动和岩浆活动资料,阐述了南海及其围区中生代构造演化。中生代时研究区位于欧亚大陆的东南缘,受特提斯域和太平洋域交替复合影响。早三叠世时古特提斯洋经过黑水河盆地东延至南海。从中三叠世开始构造岩相古地理演化出现明显的东西分异。晚三叠世时,受印支运动影响华南地块与印支地块拼合,研究区西部抬升,黑水河水道关闭;而研究区东部和东南部却受古太平洋的影响发生海侵,形成“粤东-西北加里曼丹海盆”,该海盆在早侏罗世遭受更大海侵,导致与中特提斯的良好贯通。中侏罗世在中特提斯发生过短暂海侵而形成“滇缅海”。晚侏罗世至早白垩世是中特提斯洋和古太平洋的俯冲鼎盛期,形成绵延数千km的欧亚大陆东南缘俯冲增生带。文中还讨论了中特提斯向南海延伸的通道、中特提斯与古太平洋对南海中生代演化的交替和复合影响以及南海东北部新近发现的晚中生代俯冲带等问题。  相似文献   

10.
广西十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
通过十万大山盆地内地震剖面资料和TM遥感图象的地质构造解译,结合重力资料和野外地质观察及构造分析,阐述了十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造的发育特征和前陆盆地的构造演化。前陆冲断推覆构造由3个不同的构造变形带组成:卷入海西和印支期花岗岩体的逆冲断裂带、充填中生代陆相沉积并发生构造滑脱的前陆盆地和对应于华南准地台的前陆腹地。冲断推覆构造的形成和演化是与中、晚古生代钦州海槽晚二叠世的褶皱回返和中生代相继的构造复活密切联系的,它经历了3期主要构造应力作用事件:晚二叠世海西运动晚幕为冲断推覆构造的雏形期,晚三叠世印支运动晚幕的近SN向挤压是陆相前陆盆地的发育期;早白垩世末期燕山运动主幕NW—SE向挤压是现今十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造的成型期。  相似文献   

11.
从前陆褶皱冲断带看大地构造相分析及其意义   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
以浙西北为例,基于上二叠统长兴组(P2c)和大隆组(P2d)以及下三叠统政棠组(T1z)深水浊积岩的发现,初步认为该区古生代至早三叠世具被动大陆边缘沉积楔特征。综合大地构造分析进一步表明研究区构造样式总体上以向北西逆冲的冲褶席(duplex)为特征,构造变形强度和密度自南东向北西呈递减趋势。自南东向北西具明显的分带性。该区大地构造相主要为前陆褶皱冲断带相,而上三叠统乌灶组(T3w)为前陆磨拉石盆地相,二者可能是该区始于早中生代(T1—T3)造山作用的响应。大地构造相分析不仅较为圆满地解释了研究区的众多地质现象,为造山带模式提供新的制约,而且能为研究区提出新的战略目标。  相似文献   

12.
 以浙西北为例,基于上二叠统长兴组(P2c)和大隆组(P2d)以及下三叠统政棠组(T1z)深水浊积岩的发现,初步认为该区古生代至早三叠世具被动大陆边缘沉积楔特征。综合大地构造分析进一步表明研究区构造样式总体上以向北西逆冲的冲褶席(duplex)为特征,构造变形强度和密度自南东向北西呈递减趋势。自南东向北西具明显的分带性。该区大地构造相主要为前陆褶皱冲断带相,而上三叠统乌灶组(T3w)为前陆磨拉石盆地相,二者可能是该区始于早中生代(T1—T3)造山作用的响应。大地构造相分析不仅较为圆满地解释了研究区的众多地质现象,为造山带模式提供新的制约,而且能为研究区提出新的战略目标。  相似文献   

13.
地层不整合接触是研究地质发展历史和鉴定地壳运动特征的重要依据。通过大范围露头尺度和填图尺度不整合面的识别,结合不同时代地层沉积体系的特征及构造变形样式的对比研究,发现东昆仑造山带东段晚古生代—中生代地层由底到顶共发育有4个不同类型的不整合面,分别是上二叠统格曲组与上石炭统浩特洛哇组之间的角度不整合面、中三叠统希里可特组与闹仓坚沟组之间的微角度不整合面、上三叠统八宝山组与下伏不同时代地层之间的角度不整合面、下侏罗统羊曲组与上三叠统八宝山组之间的平行不整合面。这几个不同时代的不整合面分别代表了东昆仑东段晚古生代—中生代地质演化时期中特定的构造事件。其中,格曲组与浩特洛哇组角度不整合关系代表东昆仑造山带南缘阿尼玛卿—布青山古特提斯洋晚二叠世开始向北俯冲的构造事件;希里可特组与闹仓坚沟组微角度不整合关系与陆(弧)陆局部差异性初始碰撞的洋陆转换构造事件密切相关;八宝山组与下伏不同时代地层角度不整合关系是东昆仑地区分布较广、意义重大的一个不整合面,代表中三叠世晚期—晚三叠世早期东昆仑地区陆(弧)陆全面碰撞的主造山构造事件,同时该期碰撞造山事件铸就了东昆仑及其周缘地区的基本构造格架。羊曲组与八宝山组之间平行不整合面则与晚三叠世晚期—早侏罗世早期陆内演化过程中地壳垂向抬升事件相关。这些不整合面的厘定及其代表的相应构造事件对于合理建立东昆仑地区晚古生代—中生代构造演化过程具有重要意义。  相似文献   

14.
小秦岭金矿田位于华北克拉通南缘,同时也是秦岭复合型造山带的北缘组成部分。这里是我国第二大黄金产地,大规模金的成矿作用形成于早白垩世岩石圈大规模减薄的区域伸展构造背景。此外,越来越多的同位素年代学数据显示区内还存在三叠纪的成矿事件发育钼、铅、铀、铌等与岩浆热液活动密切相关的多金属矿床,主要分布在小秦岭的南北边缘。目前,对于三叠纪多金属成矿作用的构造背景研究尚属薄弱,还没有直接对有关的构造变形开展过专题研究。为此,我们对小秦岭金矿田东端边缘的构造带进行构造观察和测量,并采用~(40) Ar-~(39) Ar年代学方法厘定变形时限,揭示三叠纪成矿事件的构造背景,为深入认识区内三叠纪多金属成矿作用特征和规律提供构造证据。研究表明,小秦岭金矿田三叠纪成矿事件发生于晚三叠世的伸展构造背景,可以划分为两个阶段早期(221~216Ma)是在碰撞向后碰撞转折阶段的重力滑脱构造环境中,发育火成碳酸岩型钼铅、铀铌铅多金属矿床;晚期(214~203Ma)是在后碰撞阶段由俯冲板片断离或岩石圈拆沉作用等深部过程导致的区域伸展构造环境中,发育石英脉型和斑岩型钼矿床。小秦岭中生代晚三叠世和早白垩世两期成矿事件都是在伸展构造背景中的构造-岩浆-流体活动的产物。  相似文献   

15.
南海围区中生代构造古地理演化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对南海围区中生代岩相、构造以及古地理进行了系统总结与研究,编制了南海围区6 个时期 ( 包括T3--K2 ) 构造古地理简图,阐述了南海围区主要的缝合带形成时间和中生代活动及其对南海围区中生代的古地理的控制与影响。经研究,南海围区盆地类型、中生界地层以及古地理环境受特提斯的闭合以及环太平洋俯冲带的影响控制。虽然南海的存在使F6 系列断裂有了现在的格局,但是古太平洋构造带一直控制着中生代加里曼丹、巴拉望、潮汕凹陷以及台湾等地的盆地的形成。讨论了南海及其围区中生代构造古地理的演化,南海围区地层从早侏罗世到晚侏罗世沉积相显示是由海相到陆相的转变,晚三叠世到晚白垩世每个时期都呈现北陆南海的古地理格局。  相似文献   

16.
利用镜质组反射率和磷灰石与锆石的(U-Th)/He年龄一起模拟了川东北地区三叠纪以来的构造-热演化特征。结果表明早三叠世的热流值在51~66mW/m2,自晚三叠世至白垩纪随盆地性质由前陆盆地演化为陆内坳陷盆地,热流缓慢降低直至现今的44.5mW/m2。但在晚白垩世—古新世时期受燕山晚期构造运动的影响,热流有一个微弱增高的现象。同时,磷灰石和锆石的He年龄揭示了川东北地区大致在晚白垩世期间开始隆升且抬升剥蚀量较大。因此,磷灰石和锆石的(U-Th)/He年龄可以揭示后期详细的冷却历史。  相似文献   

17.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(6):2287-2300
The Sulu orogenic belt (SOB) separates the North and South China blocks in East Asia and formed during Triassic continent-continent collision. However, late Mesozoic post-collisional exhumation is poorly understood due to lack of surface evidence for Paleo-Pacific subduction and associated effects. This paper interprets the tectonic history of the SOB using detrital zircon age data from Early Cretaceous sedimentary units along with previously published geochronologic and geochemical data to reconstruct sedimentological and tectonic history. Detrital zircon age distributions obtained from sedimentary units include a 2.0 Ga subpopulation that appears only in turbidite units to the southeast. This sediment probably derived from the Yangtze Block. Terrestrial facies from the Jiao-Lai basin to the northwest appear to derive from the North China Block. Geochronologic and geochemical data indicate that Early Cretaceous, post-collisional volcanism was compositionally bimodal (mafic-felsic) with associated intrusive activity that peaked at 120 Ma. Seismic images of northerly regions of the study area indicate this occurred in an extensional setting. Sedimentary facies and field structural analyses revealed an unconformity interpreted to reflect rapid uplift with NW–SE compression to the south. Given observed sinistral movement along the Tan-Lu fault, we interpret northwest and southeast regions of the SOB as experiencing transtensional and transpressional tectonics, respectively, driven by continuous subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate. Intrusion of the Late Yanshannian granitoids marked the final formational stage of this unique tectonic setting.  相似文献   

18.
近年来在八岭山-花园背斜构造翼部有新的油气发现,有必要对其构造性质进行再认识。通过地震解剖,认为渔洋组-新沟嘴组(K2y-Ex)有盐和盐泥两类构造叠置,可进一步划分为盐丘-盐柱多层叠置构造、盐泥丘-盐泥株(柱)构造和盐泥丘构造;盐泥构造的形成是塑化的盐泥岩顺层蠕动使每一单层变厚、多层累加增厚的叠加效应结果,盐泥沿早期断层侵入或底辟导致逆断层的产生,使断层具有下正上逆的特点;差异负荷和火山热对流为其主导动力学机制;渔洋组-沙市组下段(K2y-Es下)盐丘-盐柱产生期为中始新世,主要形成期为晚渐新世,沙市组上段-新沟嘴组(Es上-Ex)盐泥构造产生期为晚渐新世,两者均于更新世基本定型;盐泥构造翼部地层-盐泥封挡和上倾尖灭岩性-盐泥封挡圈闭为潜在的油气藏勘探类型。  相似文献   

19.
Normal faulting and the deep subsurface flow of salt are key processes controlling the structural development of many salt-bearing sedimentary basins. However, our detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal relationship between normal faulting and salt movement is poor due to a lack of natural examples constraining their geometric and kinematic relationship in three-dimensions. To improve our understanding of these processes, we here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Egersund Basin, offshore Norway, to determine the structure and growth of a normal fault array formed during the birth, growth and decay of an array of salt structures. We show that the fault array and salt structures developed in response to: (i) Late Triassic-to-Middle Jurassic extension, which involved thick-skinned, sub-salt and thin-skinned supra-salt faulting with the latter driving reactive diapirism; (ii) Early Cretaceous extensional collapse of the walls; and (iii) Jurassic-to-Neogene, active and passive diapirism, which was at least partly coeval with and occurred along-strike from areas of reactive diapirism and wall collapse. Our study supports physical model predictions, showcasing a three-dimensional example of how protracted, multiphase salt diapirism can influence the structure and growth of normal fault arrays.  相似文献   

20.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111001095   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
During the Late Mesozoic Middle Jurassic-Late Cretaceous,basin and range tectonics and associated magmatism representative of an extensional tectonic setting was widespread in southeastern China as a r...  相似文献   

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