共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
张集地区地下水易污性及污染风险评价 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
文章在地下水易污性和污染风险评价方法的基础上,根据张集地区的水文地质状况和土地利用情况,建立了地区地下水易污性和污染风险评价的指标方法:GRADIC法和GRADICL法,并利用GIS/Arcinfo软件对地区地下水易污性和污染风险进行评价,得到张集地区地下水易污性指数和污染风险指数及其分布图。评价结果对于张集地区地下水合理开发利用、科学管理和有效保护,实现地区地下水资源的可持续利用具有实际意义。 相似文献
2.
在哈尔滨城市地质调查项目实测的地质、水文地质资料的基础上,利用DRASTIC方法,选择地下水埋深、净补给量、含水层介质、包气带影响等7个参数作为评价指标,建立哈尔滨地区地下水易污性评价体系,编制哈尔滨地区地下水易污性分区图。研究表明,哈尔滨地区地下水易污性较高的区域占17.1%,主要分布在松花江两岸,为地下水污染的高风险地区,应列为地下水资源管理重点防护区域。 相似文献
3.
介绍了基于MapGIS开发的地下水易污性DRAMTICH评价系统,说明地下水易污性评价软件(GW-VAS)的基本框架、主要功能、组成部分、系统特点以及使用方法。该系统还对DRASTIC等其它常见的地下水易污性评价方法进行了综合集成,克服了单一方法缺乏对比性的不足,提高了评价结果的客观性、科学性和实用性。并将该方法应用于黄水河流域,利用传统的权重评分法和本文开发的方法进行了对比,结果表明,系统通用性好,方法实用性强。 更多还原 相似文献
4.
地下水易污性评价方法——DRASTIC指标体系 总被引：59，自引：3，他引：56
本文较详细地介绍了目前欧美国家在地下水易污性评价中所广泛采用的ＤＲＡＳＴＩＣ指标体系方法,对其中所含的地下水埋深,含水层的净补给,岩性,土壤类型,渗流区介质,水力传导系数７个参数的评分以及在评分过程中所应注意的问题进行了具体的阐述,最后简要介绍了ＤＲＡＳＴＩＣ易污性指标体系法在大连沿海地区地下水易污性评价中应用的情况,实际应用表明该方法可适用于我国广大地区的地下水易污性评价工作。 相似文献
5.
由于目前缺乏一套完整成熟的地下水污染风险源准确识别与分级方法, 在综合解析污染源结构、污染物输移过程评价的基础上, 构建了涵盖地下水易污性和地下水污染源两部分多因素耦合的风险源识别模型, 其中从污染源特性和污染物性质两方面建立了污染源危害性评价参数体系.以地下水易污性指数和污染源潜在危害性评价指数作为风险源分级指标, 采用乘积模型进行了风险源的评价与分级.选择某水源地对所建方法进行实例分析, 确定了地下水污染的高风险源区.结果表明, 污染源和地下水易污性共同决定了地下水污染的风险源, 所建方法对地下水污染的预防及污染源的有效监管有重要意义. 相似文献
6.
北京市海淀区地下水污染风险性评价 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
地下水受污染的风险性主要由含水层本身的防污性能、人为污染源污染地下水的灾害等级和地下水受污染后造成的后果严重程度等因素决定的,地下水污染风险性高是指高价值的地下水资源受到灾害高的污染源的污染可能性大,评价地下水污染风险需要编制3张基础图：地下水易污性图、地下水价值图和地下水污染源灾害分级图。本文介绍并应用了定量评价的DRASTIC方法和定性评价的矩阵方法,定量和定性相结合,综合了含水层易污性、地下水开发利用价值和污染源对地下水影响等因素,对北京市海淀区浅层地下水受污染的风险性进行了综合评价。 相似文献
7.
北京平原区地下水水质监测网优化设计 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
文章分析了北京地下水水质监测和水质变化的历史和现状。应用DRASTIC评价方法对平原区进行了易污性评价并获得易污性分区图。叠加地下水易污性分区图、地下水价值分区图和地下水源保护区图生成地下水保护紧迫性分区图。编制了地下水污染源分布图。合并地下水保护紧迫性分区图和地下水污染源分布图获得地下水污染风险分区图。以地下水污染分区图指导地下水水质监测网的设计,调整地下水水质监测孔的密度。优化后的北京平原共有监测孔538眼(组),其中分层监测井136眼(组),新设计监测孔343眼。结合地区地下水水质年内变化规律调整监测频率。建议浅层极易污染区每年丰枯期各取1次样,其它地区每年枯水期取1次样。承压水每2年在枯水期取1次样。 相似文献
8.
地下水水质监测与评价 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
地下水由于分布广、水质好且开发费用低而成为全世界重要的供水水源。中国北方生活供水的一半来自地下水,地下水也是干旱期重要的农业灌溉水源。然而,地下水水质日益面临来自农业、工业和城市污染源的威胁。地下水水质监测是评价水质状况最可靠的方法,并可作为供水水源保护的早期预警系统。它为水管理部门和水用户提供可靠的科学数据以便更好地管理和保护地下水资源。世界上正在执行两个巨大的地下水质监测和评价项目:一个是欧盟的水框架计划;另一个是美国的国家水质评价计划。文章评述了地下水水质监测的现状,介绍了地下水易污性评价、地下水污染源分级和地下水污染风险评价的方法。地下水易污性分区图是土地利用规划和供水水源保护的基础。地下水污染源分级结果为污染源治理提供了优先顺序。地下水污染风险分区图圈划出地下水污染的高风险区,为地下水资源保护和地下水污染监测提供重要的依据。 相似文献
9.
济南岩溶泉域地下水水质监测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于GIS手段,利用欧洲方法编制的济南泉域岩溶含水层易污性评价图显示,济南泉域岩溶含水层总体易污性强,地下水容易受到污染。结合泉域污染源调查结果以及地下水补给、径流、排泄系统与水质监测网的现状,设计了51个监测点组成的地下水水质监测网,其中地表水监测点6个,第四系孔隙水监测点8个,变质岩裂隙水监测点1个,泉水监测点4个,岩溶水水源地监测点6个,岩溶地下水监测点26个,并对其监测频率及监测内容进行了分析。 相似文献
10.
哈尔滨市地下水开采安全评价体系研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
分折了哈尔滨市地下水过量开采带来的系列环境安全问题，视各环境问题为评价基本因子，将各环境因子对地下水开采安全性的影响程度划分为4级，在进行数据归一化后，运用GIS空间上叠加手段，将归一化的环境因子进行加权，建立研究区地下水安全开采评价体系。从环境保护角度出发，提出了哈尔滨市地下水开采安全和开采管理决策的建议。 相似文献
11.
Aquifer vulnerability assessment using the DRASTIC model at Russeifa landfill,northeast Jordan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Groundwater is inherently susceptible to contamination from anthropogenic activities and remediation is very difficult and expensive. Prevention of contamination is hence critical in effective groundwater management. In this paper an attempt has been made to assess aquifer vulnerability at the Russeifa solid waste landfill. This disposal site is placed at the most important aquifer in Jordan, which is known as Amman-Wadi Sir (B2/A7). The daily-generated leachate within the landfill is about 160 m3/day and there is no system for collecting and treating this leachate. Therefore, the leachate infiltrates to groundwater and degrades the quality of the groundwater. The area is strongly vulnerable to pollution due to the presence of intensive agricultural activity, the solid waste disposal site and industries. Increasing groundwater demand makes the protection of the aquifer from pollution crucial. Physical and hydrogeological characteristics make the aquifer susceptible to pollution. The vulnerability of groundwater to contamination in the study area was quantified using the DRASTIC model. The DRASTIC model uses the following seven parameters: depth to water, recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact on vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity. The water level data were measured in the observation wells within the disposal site. The recharge is derived based on precipitation, land use and soil characteristics. The aquifer media was obtained from a geological map of the area. The topography is obtained from the Natural Resources Authority of Jordan, 1:50,000 scale topographic map. The impact on the vadose zone is defined by the soil permeability and depth to water. The hydraulic conductivity was obtained from the field pumping tests. The calculated DRASTIC index number indicates a moderate pollution potential for the study area. 相似文献
12.
Groundwater aquifer vulnerability has been assessed by incorporating the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control the groundwater contamination using GIS-based DRASTIC model along with solute transport modeling. This work demonstrates the potential of GIS to derive a vulnerability map by overlying various spatially referenced digital data layers (i.e., depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, the impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity) that portrays cumulative aquifer sensitivity ratings in Kishangarh, Rajasthan. It provides a relative indication of groundwater aquifer vulnerability to contamination. The soil moisture flow and solute transport regimes of the vadose zone associated with specific hydrogeological conditions play a crucial role in pollution risk assessment of the underlying groundwater resources. An effort has been made to map the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to surface pollutants of thestudy area, using soil moisture flow and contaminant transport modeling. The classical advection-dispersion equation coupled with Richard’s equation is numerically simulated at different point locations for assessing the intrinsic vulnerability of the valley. The role of soil type, slope, and the land-use cover is considered for estimating the transient flux at the top boundary from daily precipitation and evapotranspiration data of the study area. The time required by the solute peak to travel from the surface to the groundwater table at the bottom of the soil profile is considered as an indicator of avulnerability index. Results show a high vulnerability in the southern region, whereas low vulnerability is observed in the northeast and northern parts. The results have recognized four aquifer vulnerability zones based on DRASTIC vulnerability index (DVI), which ranged from 45 to 178. It has been deduced that approximately 18, 25, 34, and 23% of the area lies in negligible, low, medium and high vulnerability zones, respectively. The study may assist in decision making related to theplanning of industrial locations and the sustainable water resources development of the selected semi-arid area. 相似文献
13.
Fakhre Alam Rashid Umar Shakeel Ahmed Farooq Ahmad Dar 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(3):927-937
The study area is a part of central Ganga Plain which lies within the interfluve of Hindon and Yamuna rivers and covers an area of approximately 1,345 km2. Hydrogeologically, Quaternary alluvium hosts the major aquifers. A fence diagram reveals the occurrence of a single aquifer to a depth of 126 m below ground level which is intercalated by sub-regional clay beds. The depth to water level ranges from 9.55 to 28.96 m below ground level. The general groundwater flow direction is northwest to southeast. Groundwater is the major source of water supply for agricultural, domestic, and industrial uses. The overuse of groundwater has resulted in the depletion of water and also quality deterioration in certain parts of the area. This has become the basis for the preparation of a groundwater vulnerability map in relation to contamination. The vulnerability of groundwater to contamination was assessed using the modified DRASTIC-LU model. The parameters like depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, impact of vadose zone, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, and land use pattern were considered for the preparation of a groundwater vulnerability map. The DRASTIC-LU index is computed as the sum of the products of weights and rating assigned to each of the inputs considered. The DRASTIC-LU index ranges from 158 to 190, and is classified into four categories, i.e., <160, 160–170, 170–180, and >180, corresponding to low, medium, high, and very high vulnerability zones, respectively. Using this classification, a groundwater vulnerability potential map was generated which shows that 2 % of the area falls in the low vulnerable zone, 38 % falls in the medium vulnerable zone, and 49 % of the area falls in the high vulnerable zone. About 11 % of the study area falls in the very high vulnerability zone. The groundwater vulnerability map can be used as an effective preliminary tool for the planning, policy, and operational levels of the decision-making process concerning groundwater management and protection. 相似文献
14.
A detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical study was carried out in Yamuna-Krishni sub-basin which is a part of the vast
central Ganga plain. Groundwater is the major source of water supply for agricultural, domestic and industrial uses. The excess
use of groundwater has resulted in depletion of water levels. The groundwater quality, too, has deteriorated in areas dominated
by industrial activity. This has led to the preparation of a groundwater vulnerability map in relation to contamination. Groundwater
vulnerability maps are valuable derivative maps that show, quantitatively or qualitatively, certain characteristics of the
sub-surface environment that determine vulnerability of groundwater to contamination. The modified DRASTIC method was used
to prepare vulnerability map. The parameters like depth to water, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, impact of vadose
zone, hydraulic conductivity and land use pattern, owing to its bearing on groundwater regime, were considered to prepare
vulnerability map. The vulnerability index is computed as the sum of the products of weight and rating assigned to each of
the input considered as above. The vulnerability index ranges from 140 to 180, and is classified into four classes i.e. 140–150,
150–160, 160–170 and 170–180 corresponding to low, medium, high and very high vulnerability zones respectively. Using this
index, a groundwater vulnerability potential map was generated which shows that 7%, 40% and 53% of the study area falls in
low, medium and high to very high vulnerability zones respectively. The map, thus generated, can be used as a tool for protection
and management of aquifers from contamination. 相似文献
15.
地下水脆弱性评价作为地下水资源保护和地下水开发利用规划的一个重要工具,被广泛的应用于实际工作中。尝试利用地下水数值模型为改进的DRASTIC方法提供数据支持,并以北京市平原区为例探讨地下水脆弱性评价方法。评价结果与传统方法在高值区和低值区具有很好的对应性,而基于模型的方法在地下水水位计算、含水层介质和水力传导系数确定上较传统方法更具优势,如地下水位的计算上较传统方法更为客观地体现含水介质对地下水运动的影响,且能够方便地获得模拟期内任意时间的流场数据;经由模型调试后的含水层参数数据,较传统方法更为准确。评价结果分区之间的变化较传统方法更为平滑,更符合水文地质条件渐变的特性。 相似文献
16.
Groundwater vulnerability map of the Chrzanów karst-fissured Triassic aquifer (Poland) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A map shows intrinsic vulnerability to pollution of the Chrzanów karst-fissured aquifer (273 km2) in the southern part of Poland. This aquifer is intensively drained by numerous intakes and Zn-Pb ore mines. A DRASTIC-type parametric system was applied for groundwater vulnerability evaluation. Vulnerability assessment is based on six factors (depth to groundwater table, lithology of the unsaturated zone, net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, groundwater flow velocity, aquifer thickness). For the final vulnerability map construction at the scale of 1:50,000, a combination of the aquifer simulation model (using MODFLOW) and a geographical information system was applied. Maps of the net recharge, hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and groundwater flow velocity were derived by aquifer modelling. Based on the vulnerability index (21-182), six relative vulnerability classes were selected. Reliability of the map has been verified. 相似文献
17.
地下水防污性能评价方法探讨 总被引：52，自引：0，他引：52
地下水防污性能评价是环境规划和决策的有用工具,国外已有许多研究,也提出了各种计算防污性能指数模型。文中着重介绍使用最广泛的DRASTIC模型,并指出其不足之处。根据中国情况,提出用DRTA模型评价潜水的防污性能,用DLCT模型评价承压含水层的防污性能。DRTA模型包含有地下水埋深、包气带评分介质、包气带评分介质的厚度和含水层厚度4 个因子;DLCT模型包含有承压含水层埋深、隔水层岩性、隔水层的连续性和隔水层厚度4个因子。 相似文献
18.
An aquifer vulnerability assessment of the Benin Formation aquifer,Calabar, southeastern Nigeria,using DRASTIC and GIS approach 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Aniekan Edet 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(4):1747-1765
An aquifer vulnerability of the Benin Formation aquifer (Calabar, southern Nigeria) has been assessed using a combination of DRASTIC index and GIS technology. The assessment was necessitated by the fact that uncontrolled disposal of domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes have caused groundwater contamination. Therefore, prevention of contamination, monitoring and management of the aquifer was urgently required to increase the efficient use of the current water supplies. The DRASTIC method uses seven parameters (depth to groundwater table, net recharge, aquifer media, soil media, topography, influence of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity), which were used to produce vulnerability maps. The drastic vulnerability index ranged between 124 and 170. The vulnerability map shows that the aquifer is highly vulnerable in southeastern parts of the area covering about 22 %. The medium vulnerability area covers about 56.8 % of Calabar extending from the southwest to northern parts. 21.2 % of the area covering the central and northern parts the area lies within the low vulnerability zone. The present industrial and activities are located in the eastern and western parts, which falls within the low-medium vulnerability areas. Documented nitrate concentration in hand-dug wells and boreholes are in agreement with vulnerability zones. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity of each parameter between map layers such that subjectivity can be reduced to an extent and new weights computed for each DRASTIC parameter. As management options sensitive areas, especially in the southern parts of Calabar area, should be protected from future development. 相似文献
19.
Khaled S. Gemail Mohamed El Alfy Mohamed F. Ghoneim Ahmed M. Shishtawy Moheb Abd El-Bary 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(9):350
DRASTIC indexing and integrated electrical conductivity (IEC) modeling are approaches for assessing aquifer vulnerability to surface pollution. DRASTIC indexing is more common, but IEC modeling is faster and more cost-effective because it requires less data and fewer processing steps. This study aimed to compare DRASTIC indexing with IEC modeling to determine whether the latter is sufficient on its own. Both approaches are utilized to determine zones vulnerable to groundwater pollution in the Nile Delta. Hence, assessing the nature and degree of risk are important for realizing effective measures toward damage minimization. For DRASTIC indexing, hydrogeological factors such as depth to aquifer, recharge rate, aquifer media, soil permeability, topography, impact of the vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity were combined in a geographical information system environment for assessing the aquifer vulnerability. For IEC modeling, DC resistivity data were collected from 36 surface sounding points to cover the entire area and used to estimate the IEC index. Additionally, the vulnerable zones identified by both approaches were tested using a local-scale resistivity survey in the form of 1D and 2D resistivity imaging to determine the permeable pathways in the vadose zone. A correlation of 0.82 was obtained between the DRASTIC indexing and IEC modeling results. For additional benefit, the obtained DRASTIC and IEC models were used together to develop a vulnerability map. This map showed a very high vulnerability zone, a high-vulnerability zone, and moderate- and low-vulnerability zones constituting 19.89, 41, 27, and 12%, respectively, of the study area. Identifying where groundwater is more vulnerable to pollution enables more effective protection and management of groundwater resources in vulnerable areas. 相似文献