共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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一、引言给水度是潜水含水层的重要水文地质参数,是农田排水设计、浅层地下水资源评价以及地下水非稳定流计算的基本依据。为了进一步探求给水度的变化规律,我们对细砂在不同的等速下降及不同地下水位埋深条件 相似文献
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在浅层地下水资源的计算和评价中,给水度是十分重要的参数。特别是在地下水埋深较浅时,如果毛管水的影响能达到地面,则给水度不仅与岩性有关,而且还随着地下水埋深和变幅(补给时为升幅,消耗时为降幅)而变。只有在埋深较深以及毛管水的影响达不到地面时,给水度才与岩性有关,若研究地区的土壤为各向同性和均质,则给水度为不变的常直。目前,在理论和实践上都证实了这点。 相似文献
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针对原有给水度实验仪不能直观反映地下水水位埋深及其降深对给水度影响的缺点,设计了能采用柱体法测定松散土体试样的给水度的实验仪.新设计的给水度实验仪能直观地显示出地下水水位的变化,并能反映出初始地下水水位埋深及水位降深对给水度的影响,且操作简单,易于学生理解掌握. 相似文献
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为了探寻石家庄市藁城区地下水埋深动态变化规律,以藁城区2001—2018年的年降水量、地下水人工开采量等数据为基础,对藁城区地下水位埋深进行研究。首先采用P-Ⅲ型曲线法确定降水序列的丰、平、枯年份,分析不同降水量情况下地下水位埋深变化规律;其次,利用地下水开采潜力系数法和灰色关联度法对人工开采量和地下水位埋深的关系进行研究。结果表明：1）藁城区地下水位埋深在2001—2016年逐渐增大,在2016—2018年趋于减小,2016年为转折点;在空间上藁城区地下水位埋深呈现出北部埋深小、南部埋深大的特征,北部水位埋深较同期南部水位埋深要浅5~10 m。2）降水是驱动藁城区地下水位埋深变化的重要因素,枯水年水位埋深变幅在0.8~1.5 m之间,平水年水位埋深变幅在0.3~1.2 m之间,丰水年水位埋深变幅在0.3~1.1 m之间。主灌期（3—6月）的地下水位埋深增加速率均为cm/d级,非主灌期（7—10月）的地下水位埋深减少速率均为mm/d级。3）人工开采是驱动藁城区地下水位埋深变化的主导因素,其中农业开采量占人工开采量的80%。综上认为,藁城区一直处于严重超采状态,地下水累计超采量每增加1亿m3,地下水位埋深增加0.45 m。 相似文献
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新疆阿克陶县平原区盐碱地成因分析及治理措施建议 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对阿克陶县平原区盐碱化成因及现状盐碱地治理措施分析得出,区内地下水浅埋深是盐碱化发生、存在的主要因素;现状盐碱地治理措施下的地下水排水和开采力度不足以有效降低地下水位。由此提出区内需适度增加地下水开采和排水力度,从而有效治理盐碱地危害。 相似文献
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地下水对银川平原植被生长的影响 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
植被是反映区域性生态环境状况的重要指标之一,而地下水对植被的生长有着重要的影响。结合MODIS-NDVI遥感数据与地下水位观测数据,从大尺度上研究了银川平原地下水与植被的关系,并结合实测的数据,利用最小二乘法拟合出地下水位埋深与NDVI变化率的关系曲线,定量分析了地下水位埋深对植被生长的影响,并对适宜植被生长的地下水位埋深进行了探讨。研究结果表明：地下水位埋深在3 m时,植被长势最好;而适宜植被生长的地下水位埋深范围是1~5 m;当地下水位埋深超过5 m时,地下水位埋深对植被的影响逐渐减弱;当水位埋深超过8 m时,地下水位埋深对植被的生长没有影响。 相似文献
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零通量方法原位测定给水度 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文简略介绍了零通量面（ＺＦＰ）方法原位测定给水度的原理、计算,并给出了在银北平原江南试区人工调控地下水位条件下和天津万军套洼试点天然条件下应用ＺＦＰ方法原位测定给水度的具体实例。结果表明,给水度测定值与测参历时有关,对单一岩性而言,其值逐渐增大,经过相当时间后将趋于某一稳定值,其原因是非饱和带释水存在滞后作用,所以它也是反映不同释水过程的一个参数,其值是在一个范围内变化。另外给水度测定值与包气带及潜水位变动带的岩性有关,土层质地越粘重给水度值越小,包气带释水的滞后作用影响越明显。同时,潜水位降落的起始位置不同对多层地质结构的给水度测定值影响也不同。而且给水度的测定值还与潜水埋深及包气带土壤剖面初始含水量有关。 相似文献
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滹滏平原地下水系统脆弱性最佳地下水水位埋深探讨 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
笔者以滹滏平原为研究区, 采用统计分析的方法, 分析了地下水防污性与地下水资源脆弱性随地下水位埋深之间的变化关系。结果表明, 当地下水位埋深增大时, 地下水防污性增强的地区, 地下水资源脆弱性也增高;通过二者之间变化关系, 认为受地下水位埋深制约及地下水位埋深对二者的不同影响, 存在使地下水系统脆弱性最佳的地下水位埋深区间;通过地下水位埋深对地下水防污性与地下水资源脆弱性影响及其制约关系, 确定滹滏平原淡水区和咸水区地下水系统脆弱性最佳地下水位埋深分别为27~30 m和15~19 m。 相似文献
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Installation of a vertical slurry wall around an Italian quarry lake: complications arising and simulation of the effects on groundwater flow 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Slurry walls are non-structural barriers that are constructed underground to impede groundwater flow or manage groundwater
control problems. The study area is in the Piemonte plain (Italy), close to the River Po. Quarrying works carried out below
the piezometric surface created two big quarry lakes. The local groundwater system is characterized by a lower semi-confined
aquifer, which is overlain by a semi-permeable bed of clayey peat (aquitard) and an upper unconfined aquifer. Locally, the
peat fades away and the granulometry of this horizon becomes silty sandy. A planned enlargement of the quarry will increase
the size and depth of the quarry lakes. So the aquitard bed between the two aquifers will be damaged, creating a mixing rate
of groundwater. Such a procedure would not be compatible with the presence of two municipal wells upstream from the quarries.
Consequently, the installation of a vertical diaphragm (slurry wall) is recommended to separate the aquifers and to act as
a filter for the groundwater flowing from the unconfined to the semi-confined aquifer. To predict the consequences caused
by the installation of the vertical diaphragm separating the unconfined aquifer and the semi-confined one, a specifically
adjusted finite-difference model was used. The model showed a maximum rising of the water table equal to 12 cm, just upstream
of the diaphragm and for a distance of about 100 m, and a maximum lowering of 2 cm just downstream of the diaphragm. However,
the slurry wall would not cause any change in the piezometric head in the area where there are municipal wells and, hence,
will not have any negative effect on the functionality of the municipal wells. Moreover, the migration of water from the unconfined
aquifer through the vertical diaphragm will stimulate a series of attenuation and auto-depuration processes of eventual contaminants.
These processes are due to the higher crossing time that the groundwater flow takes to go through the vertical barrier (t
a = 96.5 days, whereas for the horizontal semi-permeable layer t
a = 9.6 days). So, the vertical diaphragm can be a resolutive element, representing a mediation and separation factor between
the unconfined and the semi-confined aquifers along the border of the quarrying areas, and a protective barrier for the water
quality of the quarry lake and the semi-confined aquifer. 相似文献
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Impact of peatland drainage and restoration on esker groundwater resources: modeling future scenarios for management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Esker aquifers are common groundwater bodies in Europe. Management of these aquifers should take account of the sustainability of groundwater-dependent ecosystems and land use in an integrated way. An unconfined esker aquifer in northern Finland was modelled with MODFLOW to determine how groundwater resources are impacted by the surrounding peatland drainage scheme and to simulate scenarios for possible drainage restoration. The impacts of groundwater abstraction and climate change were also simulated. A calibration-constrained Monte Carlo method was used to provide information on the uncertainties associated with model predictions. The results suggest that peatland drainage in the vicinity of eskers can have a significant role in lowering the water table, even though climate variability may mask these impacts. Drainage restoration by filling the ditches might have positive impacts on the aquifer water levels. Comparison of water-table changes caused by peatland drainage with the changes brought by water abstraction and climate variability helped to quantify impacts of different land-use scenarios and facilitated discussion with the local stakeholders. Based on this study, more attention should be devoted to peatland drainage schemes in integrated groundwater management of esker aquifers. 相似文献
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Stable chlorine isotopic signatures and fractionation mechanism of groundwater in Anyang,China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Xiao-xia Tong Rong Gan Shu-qian Gu Xing-le Sun Kai-tuo Huang Xiao-feng Yan 《地下水科学与工程》2022,10(4):393-404
The present work provides an online Bench II-IRMS technique for the measurement of stable chlorine isotope ratio, which is used to measure the δ37Cl of 38 groundwater samples from the Karst and Quaternary aquifers in Anyang area. The regional distribution and signature of δ37Cl value are characterized on the base of isotopic data. The results suggest that the δ37Cl value of Quaternary groundwater decreases with increasing Cl? concentration, and has no correlation with δ18O and δD values, but closely correlates with the depth to water table. The fractionation mechanism of the chlorine isotope is expounded according to the type of groundwater. The δ37Cl value of karst water is generally positive, which is relevant to the dissolution of evaporite (gypsum mine), and may be caused by the mixing of groundwater and precipitation. The groundwater of Quaternary unconfined aquifer is mainly recharged by precipitation, and the δ37Cl value of groundwater is generally negative. The δ37Cl value of groundwater in Quaternary confined aquifer is more negative with increasing the depth to water level and elevated Cl? concentration, which is possible to result from the isotope fractionation of ion filtration. The groundwater with inorganic pollutants in Quaternary unconfined aquifer has generally a positive δ37Cl value. 相似文献
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Marie Boucher Guillaume Favreau Marc Descloitres Jean-Michel Vouillamoz Sylvain Massuel Yahaya Nazoumou Bernard Cappelaere Anatoli Legchenko 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2009,341(10-11):800-809
Subsurface geophysical surveys were carried out using a large range of methods in an unconfined sandstone aquifer in semiarid south-western Niger for improving both the conceptual model of water flow through the unsaturated zone and the parameterization of numerical a groundwater model of the aquifer. Methods included: electromagnetic mapping, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), resistivity logging, time domain electromagnetic sounding (TDEM), and magnetic resonance sounding (MRS). Analyses of electrical conductivities, complemented by geochemical measurements, allowed us to identify preferential pathways for infiltration and drainage beneath gullies and alluvial fans. The mean water content estimated by MRS (13%) was used for computing the regional groundwater recharge from long-term change in the water table. The ranges in permeability and water content obtained with MRS allowed a reduction of the degree of freedom of aquifer parameters used in groundwater modelling. 相似文献
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吉林省西部是我国主要粮食产区,但区内农业水利规划管理同时面临潜水资源与生态环境双重风险。近20年来,区内曾尝试多种水资源利用模式,但缺少不同模式应用效果的定量化对比。文章建立了不同水资源利用模式,对比分析各模式的水资源与次生盐碱化风险。以洮儿河流域为例,采用循环神经网络预测2019—2023年该地区大气降水和地表水对地下水补给量;通过随机数值模拟预测现状开采、连续干旱、无序开采、地下水库建设、节水灌溉、旱田改水田6种情形下,区内潜水水位空间分布特征。以防止次生盐碱化为目标,定义水位埋深上限为1 m;以含水介质厚度为参考,定义水位埋深下限为12 m。遴选适合吉林省西部地区地下水资源可持续利用模式。结果显示:无序开采是导致区内水资源枯竭的主要诱因;地下水库建设和旱改水工程有助于潜水资源维护,但长期运行可加剧生态环境风险。节水灌溉（净采强度为2.0×108～3.0×108 m3/a）是降低区内水资源风险和生态环境风险的最佳方式。文章采用的神经网络—随机模拟分析方法成功预测了地下水位变化驱动因子和地下水位中长期变化趋势,为我国干旱半干旱地区潜水资源利用方案制定提供了新方法。 相似文献
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Rogers Martina Sukop Michael C. Obeysekera Jayantha George Florence 《Hydrogeology Journal》2023,31(4):1031-1049
The Biscayne Aquifer (Florida, USA) is a coastal, shallow, unconfined, and heterogeneous aquifer with high water tables, composed of less-permeable sand to highly permeable karstic limestone. These properties make the Biscayne Aquifer one of the world’s most productive groundwater resources. The aquifer’s high yield and non-Darcian flow cause challenges for estimating aquifer parameters, which are essential for understanding groundwater processes and managing and protecting the groundwater resources. Water-table fluctuations in the Biscayne Aquifer are associated with astronomical tidal forces and gate operations on canal water-control structures. Analysis of observed groundwater level fluctuations can provide an understanding of the connectivity between the aquifer, Biscayne Bay, and the water level in the canals. Further, groundwater level fluctuations can be used for aquifer parameter estimation. In this research, observed ocean water levels measured at tidal stations and groundwater levels are fitted to Jacob’s analytical solution, where the amplitude of the groundwater head fluctuation decreases exponentially, and the time lag increases with distance from the shore. Observed groundwater levels were obtained from monitoring wells along the Miami-Dade shore and the barrier island of Miami Beach. Results indicate that Jacob’s solution is effective for aquifer parameter estimation in Miami Beach, where monitoring wells are closer to the shore. Estimated hydraulic conductivity appears to increase by four orders of magnitude to approximately 1 m s–1 as the distance from shore increases. Constructing monitoring wells closer to the shore in Miami-Dade County and elsewhere would permit improved aquifer parameter estimation and support enhanced groundwater modeling efforts.
相似文献18.
Suman Kumar Aditya Sarkar Sachin Kumar Thakur Shashank Shekhar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2017,90(4):459-466
The Yamuna flood plains spread across the northern part of Indian subcontinent is home to millions of people. The ever-growing population in these plains make it difficult to sustain the demand of freshwater resources. However, the productive aquifers of flood plains could provide solution for these issues. In this context, it is necessary to understand the aquifer characteristics. Thus, the paper attempts to characterize the aquifer in Palla area of the flood plain using integrated approach. Besides, grain size analysis and site-litholog study, the nature of aquifer material was also ascertained from bulk mineralogy of the sediments using X-Ray Diffraction. The aquifer parameters were estimated with help of long duration pumping test data. Moreover, the effect of pumping on salinity variation and hydrochemical facies evolution was also examined. The sand dominant, unconfined aquifer was estimated to have horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the range of 25 m/day and vertical hydraulic conductivity of 6–7 m /day. While the specific yield of the aquifer was estimated in the range of 0.07–0.08. It is observed that under conducive active flood plain environment, the given sand mineralogy at the site does not allow salinity increase in groundwater even after more than a decade of groundwater pumping. In fact, over years, hydrochemical facies have evolved towards Bicarbonate type. These things put together make the active flood plain aquifer a sustainable groundwater resource. 相似文献
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目前对潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和水文地质参数求解方法的研究相对较少.通过对福建古雷半岛滨海潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应和海水潮汐动态的观测, 运用Fourier频谱分析方法确定了研究区海水潮汐波动方程(波动特征参数), 并以此作为地下水的边界条件, 推导了潜水含水层地下水潮汐效应的波动方程, 利用最小二乘法以地下水水位波动观测值为目标函数对潜水含水层的渗透系数与重力给水度的比值进行了反演识别, 为类似地区水文地质参数的确定提供了借鉴, 也为该区后续地下水中溶质迁移规律的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
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B. J. M. Goes 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(3):294-304
The Hadejia–Nguru Wetlands are annually inundated flood plains in semi-arid northeastern Nigeria. The area has a unique ecosystem
that forms a natural barrier against the encroachment of the Sahara desert. Both the rich wetland vegetation and local farmers
using shallow tube wells depend on a groundwater mound (with a water table less than 6 m below the surface) that is present
in the unconfined aquifer under the flood-plain area. Using well records (1991–97) and a hydrogeologic profile based on piezometers
that were monitored for two years, it is shown that recharge through the annually inundated flood plains is the source of
the groundwater mound. Maintenance of the groundwater-recharge function of the flood plains depends on wet-season releases
from two large upstream dams. On the basis of a water-budget method, the mean (1991–97) wet-season unconfined groundwater
recharge in the flood-plain area between Hadejia and Nguru and in the immediate vicinity (1250 km2) is estimated to be 132 mm (range, 73–197 mm). Outflow from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer to the unconfined upland aquifer
is approximately 10% of the wet-season flood-plain recharge. The unconfined groundwater outflow from the flood-plain area
can provide a significant contribution to the present-day rural water supply in the surrounding uplands, but it does not offer
much potential for additional groundwater abstraction. In addition to outflow to the upland aquifer (∼14 mm), the distribution
of the annually recharged water volume of the shallow flood-plain aquifer is (1) domestic uses (3 mm), (2) small-scale irrigation
(∼15 mm), and (3) evapotranspiration ( 1 100 mm). Along the hydrogeologic profile, the recharge in the upland (i.e., outflow
from the unconfined flood-plain aquifer and possibly diffuse rain-fed recharge) is in balance with the water uses (i.e., domestic
uses, groundwater outflow, and evapotranspiration). The absence of a seasonal water-level trend in the two piezometers in
the upland indicates that no rain-fed recharge occurs through preferential path-way (macropore) flow.
Received, June 1998 / Revised, November 1998, January 1999 / Accepted, January 1999 相似文献