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1.
Andrea De Stefano M. G. Kopylova P. Cartigny V. Afanasiev 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(3):295-315
We studied diamonds and barren and diamondiferous eclogite xenoliths from the Jericho kimberlite (Northern Slave craton).
The majority of the diamonds are non-resorbed octahedral crystals, with moderately aggregated N (IaB < 50%, N < 300 ppm) and δ13C = −5 to −41‰. The diamonds belong to “eclogitic” (90% of the studied samples), “websteritic” (7%) and “peridotitic” (3%)
assemblages. The Jericho diamonds differ from the majority of “eclogitic” diamonds worldwide in magnesian compositions of
associated minerals and extremely light C isotopic compositions (δ13C = −24 to −41‰). We propose that metasomatism triggered by H2O fluids may have been involved in the diamond formation. Multiple episodes of the metasomatism and associated melt extraction
of various ages are evident in Jericho eclogite xenoliths where primary garnet and clinopyroxene have been recrystallized
to more magnesian minerals with higher contents of some incompatible trace elements and to hydrous secondary phases. The model
is supported by the general similarity of mineral compositions in diamondiferous eclogites to those in diamond inclusions
and to secondary magnesian garnet and clinopyroxene in recrystallized barren eclogites. The ultimate products of the metasomatism
could be “websteritic” diamond assemblages sourced from magnesian eclogites.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
2.
Galina P. Bulanova Michael J. Walter Chris B. Smith Simon C. Kohn Lora S. Armstrong Jon Blundy Luiz Gobbo 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,160(4):489-510
We report on a suite of diamonds from the Cretaceous Collier 4 kimberlite pipe, Juina, Brazil, that are predominantly nitrogen-free
type II crystals showing complex internal growth structures. Syngenetic mineral inclusions comprise calcium- and titanium-rich
phases with perovskite stoichiometry, Ca-rich majoritic-garnet, clinopyroxene, olivine, TAPP phase, minerals with stoichiometries
of CAS and K-hollandite phases, SiO2, FeO, native iron, low-Ni sulfides, and Ca–Mg-carbonate. We divide the diamonds into three groups on the basis of the carbon
isotope compositions (δ13C) of diamond core zones. Group 1 diamonds have heavy, mantle-like δ13C (−5 to −10‰) with mineral inclusions indicating a transition zone origin from mafic protoliths. Group 2 diamonds have intermediate
δ13C (−12 to −15‰), with inclusion compositions indicating crystallization from near-primary and differentiated carbonated melts
derived from oceanic crust in the deep upper mantle or transition zone. A 206Pb/238U age of 101 ± 7 Ma on a CaTiSi-perovskite inclusion (Group 2) is close to the kimberlite emplacement time (93.1 ± 1.5 Ma).
Group 3 diamonds have extremely light δ13C (−25‰), and host inclusions have compositions akin to high-pressure–temperature phases expected to be stable in pelagic
sediments subducted to transition zone depths. Collectively, the Collier 4 diamonds and their inclusions indicate multi-stage,
polybaric growth histories in dynamically changing chemical environments. The young inclusion age, the ubiquitous chemical
and isotopic characteristics indicative of subducted materials, and the regional tectonic history, suggest a model in which
generation of sublithospheric diamonds and their inclusions, and the proto-kimberlite magmas, are related genetically, temporally
and geographically to the interaction of subducted lithosphere and a Cretaceous plume. 相似文献
3.
Teresa M. Mensing Gunter Faure Lois M. Jones John R. Bowman Jochen Hoefs 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1984,87(2):101-108
Chemical and isotopic compositions of Jurassic tholeiites of the Kirkpatrick Basalt Group from Solo Nunatak, northern Victoria
Land, indicate that these rocks are contaminated with crustal material. The basalts are fine grained and contain phenocrysts
of augite, pigeonite, hypersthene and plagioclase. The flows on Solo Nunatak are chemically more similar to average tholeiite
than flows from Mt. Falla and Storm Peak in the Central Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) which appear to be more highly differentiated.
Initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the flows on Solo Nunatak are high (>0.710) and are similar to those reported for the Kirkpatrick Basalt in the
Central TAM. Whole-rock δ18O values are also high, ranging from +6.0 to +9.3‰ and correlate positively with initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios, similar to the Kirkpatrick Basalt in the Central TAM. The correlation between initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios and δ18O values is explained as the result of simultaneous fractional crystallization and assimilation of a crustal contaminant.
Sulfur isotope compositions vary between limits of δ34S= -4.01 to +3.41‰ Variations in (δ34S probably resulted from outgassing of SO2 under varying oxygen fugacities.
Laboratory for Isotope Geology and Geochemistry (Isotopia), Contribution No. 71 相似文献
4.
Summary The eastern Pyrenees host a large number of talc-chlorite mineralizations of Albian age (112–97 Ma), the largest of which
occur in the St. Barthelemy massif. There talc develops by hydrothermal replacement of dolostones, which were formed by alteration
of calcite marbles. This alteration is progressive. Unaltered calcite marbles have oxygen isotope composition of about 25‰
(V-SMOW). The δ18O values decrease down to values of 12‰ towards the contact with dolostones. This 18O depletion is accompanied by Mg enrichment, LREE fractionation and systematic shifts in the Sr isotope compositions, which
vary from 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7087–0.7092 in unaltered calcite marbles to slightly more radiogenic compositions with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7094 near dolomitization fronts. Dolostones have δ18O values (about 9‰) lower than calcitic marbles, higher REE content and more radiogenic Sr isotope composition (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7109 to 0.7130). Hydrothermal calcites have δ18O values close to dolostones but substantially lower δ13C values, down to −6.5‰, which is indicative of the contribution of organic matter. The REE content of hydrothermal calcite
is one order of magnitude higher than that of calcitic marbles. Its highly radiogenic Sr composition with 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7091 to 0.7132 suggests that these elements were derived from silicate rocks, which experienced intense chlorite alteration
during mineralization. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the calcite marbles, the dolostones and the hydrothermal
calcites are interpreted as products of successive stages of fluid-rock interaction with increasing fluid-rock ratios. The
hydrothermal quartz, calcite, talc and chlorite are in global mutual isotopic equilibrium. This allows the calculation of
the O isotope composition of the infiltrating water at 300 °C, which is in the δ18O
= 2–4.5‰ range. Hydrogen isotope compositions of talc and chlorite indicate a δD
= 0 to −20‰. This water probably derived from seawater, with minor contribution of evolved continental water. 相似文献
5.
Nature of diamonds in Yakutian eclogites: views from eclogite tomography and mineral inclusions in diamonds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mahesh Anand Lawrence A. Taylor Kula C. Misra William D. Carlson Nikolai V. Sobolev 《Lithos》2004,77(1-4):333-348
We have performed dissections of two diamondiferous eclogites (UX-1 and U33/1) from the Udachnaya kimberlite, Yakutia in order to understand the nature of diamond formation and the relationship between the diamonds, their mineral inclusions, and host eclogite minerals. Diamonds were carefully recovered from each xenolith, based upon high-resolution X-ray tomography images and three-dimensional models. The nature and physical properties of minerals, in direct contact with diamonds, were investigated at the time of diamond extraction. Polished sections of the eclogites were made, containing the mould areas of the diamonds, to further investigate the chemical compositions of the host minerals and the phases that were in contact with diamonds. Major- and minor-element compositions of silicate and sulfide mineral inclusions in diamonds show variations among each other, and from those in the host eclogites. Oxygen isotope compositions of one garnet and five clinopyroxene inclusions in diamonds from another Udachnaya eclogite (U51) span the entire range recorded for eclogite xenoliths from Udachnaya. In addition, the reported compositions of almost all clinopyroxene inclusions in U51 diamonds exhibit positive Eu anomaly. This feature, together with the oxygen isotopic characteristics, is consistent with the well-established hypothesis of subduction origin for Udachnaya eclogite xenoliths. It is intuitive to expect that all eclogite xenoliths in a particular kimberlite should have common heritage, at least with respect to their included diamonds. However, the variation in the composition of multiple inclusions within diamonds, and among diamonds, from the same eclogite indicates the involvement of complex processes in diamond genesis, at least in the eclogite xenoliths from Yakutia that we have studied. 相似文献
6.
Strontium isotopic studies of kimberlites reveal no significant differences between the respective whole-rock Sr87/Sr86 ratios of fissure and pipe kimberlites. Kimberlites from the Swartruggens fissure (calcareous micaceous kimberlite) have Sr87/Sr86 ratios of from 0.709 to 0.716, whilst those from the Wesselton pipe have Sr87/Sr86 ratios of from 0.708 to 0.715. Other kimberlites range from 0.706 to 0.715. Samples are considered to be late Cretaceous to early Tertiary and thus the ratios are approximately initial ratios. The Sr87/Sr86 ratios bear no relation to the Rb or Sr content of individual kimberlite bodies. The high initial ratios are not due to bulk assimilation of granitic material in either a kimberlite or carbonatitic magma. Rb-Sr data for garnet peridotites and eclogite xenoliths in kimberlite are not compatible with production of kimberlite by eclogite fractionation from a melt derived from garnet lherzolite. The Sr isotopic composition of kimberlite is compatible with partial melting of garnet mica peridotite. The isotopic composition of liquids formed by partial melting of this rock can be modified by (i) gross contamination with material of low Sr87/Sr86 ratio or (ii) selective diffusion of material of high Sr87/Sr86 ratio into kimberlitic fluids. 相似文献
7.
Snyder Gregory A.; Taylor Lawrence A.; Crozaz Ghislaine; Halliday Alex N.; Beard Brian L.; Sobolev Vladimir N.; Sobolev Nikolai V. 《Journal of Petrology》1997,38(1):85-113
Owing to the association with diamonds, eclogite xenoliths havereceived disproportionate attention given their low abundancein kimberlites. Several hypotheses have been advanced for theorigin of eclogite xenoliths, from the subduction and high-pressuremelting of oceanic crust, to cumulates and liquids derived fromthe upper mantle. We have amassed a comprehensive data set,including major- and trace-element mineral chemistry, carbonisotopes in diamonds, and Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd, Re–Os,and oxygen isotopes in ultrapure mineral and whole-rock splitsfrom eclogites of the Udachnaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia.Furthermore, eclogites from two other Yakutian kimberlite pipes,Mir and Obnazhennaya, have been studied in detail and offercontrasting images of eclogite protoliths. Relative to eclogitesfrom southern Africa and other Yakutian localities, Udachnayaeclogites are notable in the absence of chemical zoning in mineralgrains, as well as the degree of light rare earth element (LREE)depletion and unradiogenic Sr; lack of significant oxygen, sulfur,and carbon isotopic variation relative to the mantle; and intermineralradiogenic isotopic equilibration. Several of these eclogitescould be derived from ancient, recycled, oceanic crust, butmany others exhibit no evidence for an oceanic crustal protolith.The apparent lack of stable-isotope variation in the Udachnayaeclogites could be due to the antiquity of the samples and consequentlack of deep oceanic and biogenically diverse environments atthat time. Those eclogites that are interpreted to be non-recycledhave compositions characteristic of Group A eclogites from otherlocalities that also have been interpreted as being directlyfrom the mantle. At least two separate and diverse isotopicreservoirs are suggested by Nd isotopic whole-rock reconstructions.Most samples were derived from typical depleted mantle. However,two groups of three samples each indicate both enriched mantleand possible ultra-depleted mantle present beneath Yakutia duringthe late Archean and early Proterozoic. The vast majority ofeclogites studied from the Obnazhennaya pipe also exhibit characteristicsof Group A eclogites and are probably derived directly fromthe mantle. However, the eclogites from the Mir kimberlite aremore typical of other eclogites world-wide and show convincingevidence of a recycled, oceanic crustal affinity. We concurwith the late Ted Ringwood that eclogites can be formed in avariety of ways, both within the mantle and from oceanic crustalresidues. KEY WORDS: diamonds; eclogite xenoliths; isotopic composition; REE; Yakutia 相似文献
8.
Yan-Jie Tang Hong-Fu Zhang Eizo Nakamura Ji-Feng Ying 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,161(6):845-861
Elemental and Li–Sr–Nd isotopic data of minerals in spinel peridotites hosted by Cenozoic basalts allow us to refine the existing
models for Li isotopic fractionation in mantle peridotites and constrain the melt/fluid-peridotite interaction in the lithospheric
mantle beneath the North China Craton. Highly elevated Li concentrations in cpx (up to 24 ppm) relative to coexisting opx
and olivine (<4 ppm) indicate that the peridotites experienced metasomatism by mafic silicate melts and/or fluids. The mineral
δ7Li vary greatly, with olivine (+0.7 to +5.4‰) being isotopically heavier than coexisting opx (−4.4 to −25.9‰) and cpx (−3.3
to −21.4‰) in most samples. The δ7Li in pyroxenes are considerably lower than the normal mantle values and show negative correlation with their Li abundances,
likely due to recent Li ingress attended by diffusive fractionation of Li isotopes. Two exceptional samples have olivine δ7Li of −3.0 and −7.9‰, indicating the existence of low δ7Li domains in the mantle, which could be transient and generated by meter-scale diffusion of Li during melt/fluid-peridotite
interaction. The 143Nd/144Nd (0.5123–0.5139) and 87Sr/86Sr (0.7018–0.7062) in the pyroxenes also show a large variation, in which the cpx are apparently lower in 87Sr/86Sr and slightly higher in 143Nd/144Nd than coexisting opx, implying an intermineral Sr–Nd isotopic disequilibrium. This is observed more apparently in peridotites
having low 87Sr/86Sr and high 143Nd/144Nd ratios than in those with high 87Sr/86Sr and low 143Nd/144Nd, suggesting that a relatively recent interaction existed between an ancient metasomatized lithospheric mantle and asthenospheric
melt, which transformed the refractory peridotites with highly radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd isotopic compositions to
the fertile lherzolites with unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotopic compositions. Therefore, we argue that the lithospheric
mantle represented by the peridotites has been heterogeneously refertilized by multistage melt/fluid-peridotite interactions. 相似文献
9.
R. Altherr U. Henes-Klaiber E. Hegner M. Satir C. Langer 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(3):422-443
Latest Devonian to early Carboniferous plutonic rocks from the Odenwald accretionary complex reflect the transition from
a subduction to a collisional setting. For ∼362 Ma old gabbroic rocks from the northern tectonometamorphic unit I, initial
isotopic compositions (εNd=+3.4 to +3.8;87Sr/86Sr =0.7035–0.7053;δ18O=6.8–8.0‰) and chemical signatures (e.g., low Nb/Th, Nb/U, Ce/Pb, Th/U, Rb/Cs) indicate a subduction-related origin by partial
melting of a shallow depleted mantle source metasomatized by water-rich, large ion lithophile element-loaded fluids. In the
central (unit II) and southern (unit III) Odenwald, syncollisional mafic to felsic granitoids were emplaced in a transtensional
setting at approximately 340–335 Ma B.P. Unit II comprises a mafic and a felsic suite that are genetically unrelated. Both
suites are intermediate between the medium-K and high-K series and have similar initial Nd and Sr signatures (εNd=0.0 to –2.5;87Sr/86Sr=0.7044–0.7056) but different oxygen isotopic compositions (δ18O=7.3–8.7‰ in mafic vs 9.3–9.5‰ in felsic rocks). These characteristics, in conjunction with the chemical signatures, suggest
an enriched mantle source for the mafic magmas and a shallow metaluminous crustal source for the felsic magmas. Younger intrusives
of unit II have higher Sr/Y, Zr/Y, and Tb/Yb ratios suggesting magma segregation at greater depths. Mafic high-K to shoshonitic
intrusives of the southern unit III have initial isotopic compositions (εNd=–1.1 to –1.8;87Sr/86Sr =0.7054–0.7062;δ18O=7.2–7.6‰) and chemical characteristics (e.g., high Sr/Y, Zr/Y, Tb/Yb) that are strongly indicative of a deep-seated enriched
mantle source. Spatially associated felsic high-K to shoshonitic rocks of unit III may be derived by dehydration melting of
garnet-rich metaluminous crustal source rocks or may represent hybrid magmas.
Received: 7 December 1998 / Accepted: 27 April 1999 相似文献
10.
A. I. Grabezhev 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2010,52(2):138-153
The Early Devonian Gumeshevo deposit is one of the largest ore objects pertaining to the dioritic model of the porphyry copper
system paragenetically related to the low-K quartz diorite island-arc complex. The (87Sr/86Sr)t and (ɛNd)t of quartz diorite calculated for t = 390 Ma are 0.7038–0.7045 and 5.0–5.1, respectively, testifying to a large contribution of the mantle component to the composition
of this rock. The contents of typomorphic trace elements (ppm) are as follows: 30–48 REE sum, 5–10 Rb, 9–15 Y, and 1–2 Nb.
The REE pattern is devoid of Eu anomaly. Endoskarn of low-temperature and highly oxidized amphibole-epidote-garnet facies
is surrounded by the outer epidosite zone. Widespread retrograde metasomatism is expressed in replacement of exoskarn and
marble with silicate (chlorite, talc, tremolite)-magnetite-quartz-carbonate mineral assemblage. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of epidote in endoskarn and carbonate in retrograde metasomatic rocks (0.7054–0.7058 and 0.7053–0.7065, respectively)
are intermediate between the Sr isotope ratios of quartz dioritic rocks and marble (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70784 ± 2). Isotopic parameters of the fluid equilibrated with silicates of skarn and retrograde metasomatic rocks
replacing exoskarn at 400°C are δ18O = +7.4 to +8.5‰ and δD = −49 to −61‰ (relative to SMOW). The δ13C and δ18O of carbonates in retrograde metasomatic rocks after marble are −5.3 to +0.6 (relative to PDB) and +13.0 to +20.2% (relative
to SMOW), respectively. Sulfidation completes metasomatism, nonuniformly superimposed on all metasomatic rocks and marbles
with formation of orebodies, including massive sulfide ore. The δ34S of sulfides is 0 to 2‰ (relative to CDT);87Sr/86Sr of calcite from the late calcite-pyrite assemblage replacing marble is 0.704134 ± 6. The δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr of postore veined carbonates correlate positively (r = 0.98; n = 6). The regression line extends to the marble field. Its opposite end corresponds to magmatic (in terms of Bowman, 1998b)
calcite with minimal δ13C, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr values (−6.9 ‰, +6.7‰, and 0.70378 ± 4, respectively). The aforementioned isotopic data show that magmatic fluid was supplied
during all stages of mineral formation and interacted with marble and other rocks, changing its Sr, C, and O isotopic compositions.
This confirms the earlier established redistribution of major elements and REE in the process of metasomatism. A contribution
of meteoric and metamorphic water is often established in quartz from postore veins. 相似文献
11.
K. S. Viljoen P. M. Swash M. L. Otter D. J. Schulze P. J. Lawless 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1992,110(1):133-138
Two xenoliths of garnet harzburgite from the Finsch kimberlite, South Africa, have been found to contain diamond. One of the xenoliths has mineral compositions typical of low-T coarse textured garned peridotites, whereas minerals in the other are similar but not identical to most peridotite-suite minerals included in diamonds, especially in the low-CaO content of garnet. Geothermobarometric calculations show both xenoliths equilibrated at temperatures above 1,100°C and pressures>55 kbar, which is near the low-pressure end of the range of equilibration conditions for diamond-free garnet lherzolites and garnet harzburgites from Finsch. The chemistries of the minerals in the two rocks are distinctly different to most of the mineral inclusions in Finsch diamonds. This, as well as the different 13C compositions between xenolith diamonds (-2.8 to-4.6) and diamonds in the kimberlite (generally<-4.3) suggest different origins or sources for the diamonds. 相似文献
12.
Xinmiao Zhao Hongfu Zhang Xiangkun Zhu Suohan Tang Yanjie Tang 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2010,160(1):15-14
Iron isotopes, together with mineral elemental compositions of spinel peridotite xenoliths and clinopyroxenites from Hannuoba
and Hebi Cenozoic alkaline basalts, were analyzed to investigate iron isotopic features of the lithospheric mantle beneath
the North China Craton. The results show that the Hannuoba spinel peridotite xenoliths have small but distinguishable Fe isotopic
variations. Overall variations in δ57Fe are in a range of −0.25 to 0.14‰ for olivine, −0.17 to 0.17‰ for orthopyroxene, −0.21 to 0.27‰ for clinopyroxene, and −0.16
to 0.26‰ for spinel, respectively. Clinopyroxene has the heaviest iron isotopic ratio and olivine the lightest within individual
sample. No clear linear relationships between the mineral pairs on “δ-δ” plot suggest that iron isotopes of mineral separates
analyzed have been affected largely by some open system processes. The broadly negative correlations between mineral iron
isotopes and metasomatic indexes such as spinel Cr#, (La/Yb)N ratios of clinopyroxenes suggest that iron isotopic variations in different minerals and peridotites were probably produced
by mantle metasomatism. The Hebi phlogopite-bearing lherzolite, which is significantly modified by metasomatic events, appears
to be much heavier isotopically than clinopyroxene-poor lherzolite. This study further confirms previous conclusions that
the lithospheric mantle has distinguishable and heterogeneous iron isotopic variations at the xenoliths scale. Mantle metasomatism
is the most likely cause for the iron isotope variations in mantle peridotites. 相似文献
13.
Li-Sr-Nd isotope signatures of the plume and cratonic lithospheric mantle beneath the margin of the rifted Tanzanian craton (Labait) 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Sonja Aulbach Roberta L. Rudnick William F. McDonough 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2008,155(1):79-92
Lithium concentrations and isotopic compositions of olivine and 87Sr/86Sr and 143Nd/144Nd of coexisting clinopyroxene from peridotite xenoliths from the Quaternary Labait volcano, Tanzania, document the influence
of rift-related metasomatism on the ancient cratonic mantle. Olivines show negative correlations between Fo content and both
δ7Li and Li concentrations. Olivines in iron-rich peridotites (Fo85–87) have high Li concentrations (3.2–4.8 ppm) and heavy δ7Li (+5.2 to +6.6). In contrast, olivines in ancient, refractory peridotites have lower Li concentrations (∼2 ppm) and relatively
light δ7Li (+2.6 to +3.5). This reflects mixing between ancient, refractory cratonic lithosphere and asthenosphere-derived rift magmas.
A uniquely fertile, deformed, high-temperature garnet lherzolite, interpreted to be from the base of the lithosphere, has
a 87Sr/86Sr of 0.7029 and 143Nd/144Nd of 0.51286, similar to HIMU oceanic basalts. It provides the best estimate of the Sr–Nd isotope composition of the upwelling
mantle (i.e., plume, sensu lato) underlying this portion of the East African Rift, and is slightly less radiogenic compared
to previous estimates of the plume that were based on rift basalts. Although elevated δ7Li are not exclusive to HIMU source regions, the data collectively indicate that the plume beneath Labait has HIMU characteristics
in Sr, Nd and Li isotope composition.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
14.
In 13 out of 14 samples of carbonate xenoliths from mud volcanic breccias of Azerbaijan, the 87Sr/86Sr values (0.70675–0.70823, 87Sr/86Srmd = 0.7073 ± 0.0005) are within the same limits as in the volcanic waters (Bujakaite et al., 2019). Genetically, they can be associated both with Mesozoic carbonate and saline deposits or with Cenozoic volcanosedimentary strata. Similarity of the Sr isotopic composition with isotopic values in carbonate extracts from terrigenous rocks of the Maikop Formation was noted only in the calcite sample from the Cheildag Volcano (87Sr/86Sr = 0.71047). The most interesting results with the lowest Sr ratios were obtained for carbonate fragments from breccias of the Byandovan Volcano. The combination of low δ13C values (down to –49.2‰), high Sr contents (up to 3108 μg/g) and 87Sr/86Sr (0.70675‒0.70690) values typical of the Late Jurassic brings them closer to caprocks of salt domes of Jurassic oil-bearing formations in the western United States. 相似文献
15.
George B. Perkins Zachary D. Sharp Jane Selverstone 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,151(6):633-650
Spinel lherzolite and pyroxenite xenoliths from the Rio Puerco Volcanic Field, New Mexico, were analyzed for oxygen isotope ratios by laser fluorination. In lherzolites, olivine δ18O values are high (+5.5‰), whereas δ18O values for pyroxenes are low (cpx=+5.1‰; opx=+5.4‰) compared to average mantle values. Pyroxenite δ18O values (cpx=+5.0‰; opx=+5.3‰) are similar to those of the lherzolites and are also lower than typical mantle oxygen isotope compositions. Texturally and chemically primary calcite in pyroxenite xenoliths is far from isotopic equilibrium with other phases, with δ18O values of +21‰. The isotopic characteristics of the pyroxenite xenoliths are consistent with a petrogenetic origin from mixing of lherzolitic mantle with slab-derived silicate and carbonatite melts. The anomalously low δ18O in the pyroxenes reflects metasomatism by a silicate melt from subducted altered oceanic crust, and high δ18O calcite is interpreted to have crystallized from a high δ18O carbonatitic melt derived from subducted ophicarbonate. Similar isotopic signatures of metasomatism are seen throughout the Rio Puerco xenolith suite and at Kilbourne Hole in the southern Rio Grande rift. The discrete metasomatic components likely originated from the subducted Farallon slab but were not mobilized until heating associated with Rio Grande rifting occurred. Oxygen diffusion modeling requires that metasomatism leading to the isotopic disequilibrium between calcite and pyroxene in the pyroxenites occurred immediately prior to entrainment. Melt infiltration into spinel-facies mantle (xenoliths) prior to eruption was thus likely connected to garnet-facies melting that resulted in eruption of the host alkali basalt. 相似文献
16.
B. L. Beard Kathy N. Fraracci Robert A. Clayton Toshiko K. Mayeda G. A. Snyder N. V. Sobolev L. A. Taylor 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1996,125(4):293-310
Diamond-bearing eclogites are an important component of the xenoliths that occur in the Mir kimberlite, Siberian platform,
Russia. We have studied 16 of these eclogite xenoliths, which are characterized by coarse-grained, equigranular garnet and
omphacite. On the basis of compositional variations in garnet and clinopyroxene, this suite of eclogites can be divided into
at least two groups: a high-Ca group and a low-Ca group. The high-Ca group consists of high-Ca garnets in equilibrium with
pyroxenes that have high Ca-ratios [Ca/(Ca+Fe+Mg)] and high jadeite contents. These high-Ca group samples have high modal%
garnet, and garnet grains often are zoned. Garnet patches along rims and along amphibole- and phlogopite-filled veins have
higher Mg and lower Ca contents compared to homogeneous cores. The low-Ca group consists of eclogites with low-Ca garnets
in equilibrium with pyroxenes with a low Ca-ratio, but variable jadeite contents. These low-Ca group samples typically have
low modal% of garnet, and garnets are rarely compositionally zoned. Three samples have mineralogic compositions and modes
transitional to the high- and low-Ca groups. We have arbitrarily designated these samples as the intermediate-Ca group. The
rare-earth-element (REE) contents of garnet and clinopyroxene have been determined by ion microprobe. Garnets from the low-Ca
group have low LREE contents and typically have [Dy/Yb]n < 1. The high-Ca group garnets have higher LREE contents and typically have [Dy/Yb]n > 1. Garnets from the intermediate-Ca group have REE contents between the high- and low-Ca groups. Clinopyroxenes from the
low-Ca group have convex-upward REE patterns with relatively high REE contents (ten times chondrite), whereas those from the
high-Ca group have similar convex-upward shapes, but lower REE contents, approximately chondritic. Reconstructed bulk-rock
REE patterns for the low-Ca group eclogites are relatively flat at approximately ten times chondrite. In contrast, the high-Ca
group samples typically have LREE-depleted patterns and lower REE contents. The δ18O values measured for garnet separates range from 7.2 to 3.1‰. Although there is a broad overlap of δ18O between the low-Ca and high-Ca groups, the low-Ca group samples range from mantle-like to high δ18O values (4.9 to 7.2‰), and the high-Ca group garnets range from mantle-like to low δ18O values (5.3 to 3.1‰). The oxygen isotopic compositions of two of the five high-Ca group samples and four of the eight low-Ca
group eclogites are consistent with seawater alteration of basaltic crust, with the low-Ca group eclogites representative
of low-temperature alteration, and the high-Ca group samples representative of high-temperature hydrothermal seawater alteration.
We interpret the differences between the low- and high-Ca group samples to be primarily a result of differences in the protoliths
of these samples. The high-Ca group eclogites are interpreted to have protoliths similar to the mid to lower sections of an
ophiolite complex. This section of oceanic crust would be dominated by rocks which have a significant cumulate component and
would have experienced high-temperature seawater alteration. Such cumulate rocks probably would be LREE-depleted, and can
be Ca-rich because of plagioclase or clinopyroxene accumulation. The protoliths of the low-Ca group eclogites are interpreted
to be the upper section of an ophiolite complex. This section of oceanic crust would consist mainly of extrusive basalts that
would have been altered by seawater at low temperatures. These basaltic lavas would probably have relatively flat REE patterns,
as seen for the low-Ca group eclogites.
Received: 10 July 1995 / Accepted: 17 May 1996 相似文献
17.
Interaction between crustal-derived felsic and mantle-derived mafic magmas in the Oberkirch Pluton (European Variscides, Schwarzwald, Germany) 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
R. Altherr F. Henjes-Kunst C. Langer J. Otto 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,137(4):304-322
The composite Oberkirch pluton consists of three compositionally different units of peraluminous biotite granite. The northern
unit is relatively mafic (SiO2∼64%) and lacks cordierite. The more felsic central and southern units (SiO2=67.8 to 70.4%) can only be distinguished from each other by the occurrence of cordierite in the former. Mafic microgranular
enclaves of variable composition, texture and size occur in each of these units and are concentrated in their central domains.
Most abundant are large (dm to m) hornblende-bearing enclaves with dioritic to tonalitic compositions (SiO2=50.8 to 56.3 wt%; Mg#=63 to 41) and fine grained doleritic textures that suggest chilling against the host granite magma.
Some of these enclaves are mantled by hybrid zones. Less common are microtonalitic enclaves containing biotite as the only
primary mafic phase (SiO2=53.7 to 64.4%) and small hybrid tonalitic to granodioritic enclaves and schlieren. Synplutonic dioritic dikes (up to 6 m
thick) with hybrid transition zones to the host granite occur in the southern unit of the pluton. In chemical variation diagrams,
samples from unmodified hornblende-bearing mafic enclaves and dikes form continuous trends that are compatible with an origin
by fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, hornblende and plagioclase. Chemical and initial isotopic signatures (e.g. high
Mg#, low Na2O, ɛNd=−1.2 to −5.1, 87Sr/86Sr=0.7055 to 0.7080, δ18O=8.0 to 8.8‰) exclude an origin by partial melting from a mafic meta-igneous source but favour derivation from a heterogeneous
enriched lithospheric mantle. Samples from the granitic host rocks do not follow the chemical variation trends defined by
the diorites but display large scatter. In addition, their initial isotopic characteristics (ɛNd=−4.5 to −6.8, 87Sr/86Sr=0.7071 to 0.7115, δ18O=9.9 to 11.9‰) show little overlap with those of the diorites. Most probably, the granitic magmas were derived from metapelitic
sources characterized by variable amounts of garnet and plagioclase. This is suggested by relatively high molar ratios of
Al2O3/(MgO+FeOtot) and K2O/Na2O, in combination with low ratios of CaO/(MgO+FeOtot), variable values of Sr/Nd, Eu/Eu*[=Eucn/(Smcn × Gdcn)0.5] and (Tb/Yb)cn (cn=chondrite-normalized) as well as variable abundances of Sc and Y. Whole-rock initial isotopic signatures of mafic microtonalitic
enclaves (ɛNd=−4.6 to −5.2; 87Sr/86Sr=0.7060 to 0.7073; δ18O ∼8.1‰) are similar to those of the low ɛNd diorites. Plagioclase concentrates from a granite sample and a mafic microtonalitic enclave are characterized by initial
87Sr/86Sr ratios that are significantly higher than those of their bulk rock systems suggesting incorporation of high 87Sr/86Sr crustal material into the magmas. Field relationships and petrographic evidence suggest that the Oberkirch pluton originated
by at least three pulses of granitic magma containing mafic magma globules. In-situ hybridization between the different magmas
was limited. Late injection of dioritic magma into the almost solidified granitic southern unit resulted in the formation
of more or less continuous synplutonic dikes surrounded by relatively thin hybrid zones.
Received: 30 April 1999 / Accepted: 6 August 1999 相似文献
18.
R. Tribuzio M. F. Thirlwall B. Messiga 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1999,136(1-2):48-62
The origin of the Sondalo gabbroic complex has been unravelled by means of a petrological study of the least evolved rocks,
troctolites to norites containing up to 20% of anhedral clinopyroxene and titanian pargasite. Pyroxenes and titanian pargasite
from the troctolites have higher Mg, Al and Cr, and lower Mn than those from the norites, whereas plagioclase does not show
systematic compositional variations (An ca. 65 mol%). The variation trend of anorthite content of plagioclase versus the forsterite
content of olivine differs from that of arc-related gabbroic rocks. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene and titanian
pargasite were analyzed for REE and selected trace elements by ion microprobe. Application of crystal/liquid partition coefficients
to trace element mineral compositions suggests that the parental liquids of both troctolites and norites had tholeiitic affinity
and were slightly LREE and LILE enriched relative to N-MORB. A troctolite and a norite give Sm-Nd mineral isochron ages of
300 ± 12 Ma and 280 ± 10 Ma. Plagioclase-amphibole Rb-Sr isochron ages are 266 ± 10 Ma and 269 ± 16 Ma for the same rock samples,
and they are interpreted to represent cooling ages. The Nd-Sr-O isotopic compositions indicate that a substantial crustal
contribution was involved in the petrogenesis of the norite, which has low ɛNd(290 Ma), high 87Sr/86Sr(290 Ma) and high δ18OPx (−2.6, 0.7057 and +7.9‰, respectively) compared with the troctolites. We thus conclude that the troctolite/norite association
formed by concomitant fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation. The somewhat elevated δ18OCpx (+6.4‰) and the relatively low forsterite contents in olivine suggest that the parental liquids of the troctolites had already
been evolved through an AFC type process. The ɛNd(290 Ma) and 87Sr/86Sr(290 Ma) of these rocks (ranging from +2.8 to +4.4 and from 0.7037 to 0.7040, respectively) probably do not reflect the
ɛNd and Sr isotopic compositions of their mantle source, and it is thus unclear whether the primary melts were derived from a
slightly enriched or from a depleted mantle source. The Sondalo gabbroic complex was most likely associated with the post-Variscan
gabbroic complexes of the Alpine belt. These gabbroic complexes can be ascribed to the intrusion at different crustal levels
of tholeiitic mantle-derived melts and were emplaced in the time span of 300–270 Ma.
Received: 14 September 1998 / Accepted: 4 January 1999 相似文献
19.
Zhang Zhaochong Chai Fengmei Yan Shenghao Chen Bailin He Lixin He Yongsheng Zhou Gang 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(1):44-48
The Sr, Nd and O isotopic compositions of the Kalatongke and Xibodu mafic-ultramafic complexes from the southern margin of
the Altay orogenic belt show that they have similar isotopic compositions, characterized by low (87Sr/86Sr), and high ε
Nd(t) values (6.3–9.1). It suggests that they were derived from a depleted asthenospheric mantle. However, most of the samples
have δ
18O values >6‰ (5.4‰–10.2‰), indicating crustal contamination. A combination of Sr and O isotopic data shows the incorporation
of crustal materials into the depleted mantle. They were produced by the melting of depleted mantle by the incorporation of
subducted oceanic crust, and this incorporation might have occurred in the Early Paleozoic in the light of their Nd model
ages and regional tectonics. The Kalatongke complex might have undertaken the contamination of the upper crust whereas the
Xibodu complex does not have any signature of contamination of the upper crust. In addition, the similarities of the sources
of the two complexes, which were located at the northern and southern sides of the regional Irtysh fault zone respectively,
suggest that this fault might not be the boundary between the Altay and Junggar orogenic belts.
Translated from Geological Review, 2006, 52(1): 38–42 [译自: 地质论评] 相似文献
20.
Carbonatite metasomatized peridotite xenoliths from southern Patagonia: implications for lithospheric processes and Neogene plateau magmatism 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
The mineral chemistry, major and trace element, and Sr–Nd isotopic composition of Cr-diopside, spinel peridotite xenoliths
from the Estancia Lote 17 locality in southern Patagonia document a strong carbonatitic metasomatism of the backarc continental
lithosphere. The Lote 17 peridotite xenolith suite consists of hydrous spinel lherzolite, wehrlite, and olivine websterite,
and anhydrous harzburgite and lherzolite. Two-pyroxene thermometry indicates equilibration temperatures ranging from 870 to
1015 °C and the lack of plagioclase or garnet suggests the xenoliths originated from between ˜40 and 60 km depth. All of the
xenoliths are LILE- and LREE-enriched, but have relatively low 87Sr/86Sr (0.70294 to 0.70342) and high ɛNd (+3.0 to +6.6), indicating recent trace element enrichment (∼25 Ma, based on the low 87Sr/86Sr and high Rb concentrations of phlogopite separates) in the long-term, melt-depleted Patagonian lithosphere. Lote 17 peridotite
xenoliths are divided into two basic groups. Group 1 xenoliths consist of fertile peridotites that contain hydrous phases
(amphibole ± phlogopite ± apatite). Group 1 xenoliths are further subdivided into three groups (a, b, and c) based on distinctive
textures and whole-rock chemistry. Group 1 xenolith mineralogy and chemistry are consistent with a complex metasomatic history
involving variable extents of recent carbonatite metasomatism (high Ca/Al, Nb/La, Zr/Hf, low Ti/Eu) that has overprinted earlier
metasomatic events. Group 2 xenoliths consist of infertile, anhydrous harzburgites and record cryptic metasomatism that is
attributed to CO2-rich fluids liberated from Group 1 carbonatite metasomatic reactions. Extremely variable incompatible trace element ratios
and depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions of Lote 17 peridotite xenoliths indicate that the continental lithosphere was neither
the primary source nor an enriched lithospheric contaminant for Neogene Patagonian plateau lavas. Neogene plateau magmatism
associated with formation of asthenospheric slab windows may have triggered this occurrence of “intraplate-type” carbonatite
metasomatism in an active continental backarc setting.
Received: 26 January 2000 / Accepted: 1 March 2000 相似文献