共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
KoIKEDA DangFENG AkiraMIKUNI 《地学前缘》2005,12(1):206-213
概要介绍了一种无机聚合物———地质聚合物。首先对地质聚合物材料的制备过程作了介绍。根据原料的不同,地质聚合物材料的制备可以有两种途径:一种是以偏高岭石为基础原料,一种是以粉煤灰为主要原料。通常以硅酸钠水溶液作为单体硅源,氢氧化钠溶液作为碱激发剂以提高原料的溶出性。对某些在常温和低于100 ℃下制备的独石材料作了介绍。对煅烧高岭石,叶蜡石,粉煤灰和钢渣的溶出特性作了阐述。应用SEM EDX,对以粉煤灰为原料的地质聚合物材料的化学组成作了分析。最后对地质聚合物材料的经济性以及在环境保护等领域的应用前景,特别是在减少二氧化碳排放与废弃物处理方面的意义作了介绍。 相似文献
2.
3.
利用富钾岩石提钾后的废渣代替硅酸钠 (钾 )、大部分高岭石和氢氧化钠 (钾 ) ,以粉煤灰为主要原料 ,制备出矿物聚合材料 ,并采用正交实验确定其优化工艺条件为 :煅烧高岭石用量为 10 %～ 15 % ,废渣用量约 35 % ,氢氧化钠用量为 5 %～ 6 %。代表性样品的 7d抗压强度可达到 4 0～ 5 0MPa ,耐酸性、耐碱性分别为 99.99%和 10 0 % ,密度1.77～ 1.88g/cm3 ,收缩率 0 .13%～ 0 .2 8% ,导热系数 0 .4 8～ 0 .5 1W/m·K ,平均硬度 3.4 3。X射线粉末衍射分析表明 ,由铝硅酸盐聚合反应形成的基体相呈非晶态。扫描电镜分析絮凝状的基体相与粉煤灰玻璃体结合紧密 ,从而为制品具备良好的力学性能提供了结构基础。该矿物聚合材料成本低廉 ,同时又能利用粉煤灰等工业固体废物而达到改善环境的目的 相似文献
4.
某露天煤矿为减少矿坑疏排水量，拟通过施工截水帷幕以切断矿坑北侧河流补给通道。结合现场施工条件，在架空高压线等特殊施工区域采用钻孔咬合桩帷幕。施工区砂卵石层厚度达45 m，含水层渗透系数达100 m/d，水力梯度0.033，地下水温长期维持在5℃，为保证咬合桩在深厚砂卵石层和低温动水条件下快速成桩，研制出一种以粉煤灰为主、水泥和粉煤灰添加剂为辅的混合防渗材料，并开展该材料的凝结时间、结石率、流动度、抗渗性能等多项参数测试。结果表明:研发材料最优配比为水灰比0.7︰1.0、水泥掺量（质量占比）40%、粉煤灰掺量60%、粉煤灰激发剂掺量2%，在5℃低温环境下凝结时间102 h，结石率94.6%、流动度23 cm，3 d强度1.06 MPa、90 d强度11.65 MPa、渗透系数低至8.61×10-8 cm/s。通过取心验证，成桩质量符合要求，截水效果好，矿坑疏排水量显著减少。该材料具有低价环保、抗渗性好等优点，可在类似工程中推广应用。 相似文献
5.
6.
陶粒粉煤灰混凝土在桥涵台背回填中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过材料性能试验、土工离心模型试验和数值计算,研究陶粒粉煤灰混凝土的物理力学性能及其在桥涵台背回填的应用效果。首先,通过材料性能试验研究不同配合比的陶粒粉煤灰混凝土的物理力学性能;其次,通过土工离心模型试验和数值计算研究陶粒粉煤灰混凝土用作桥涵台背回填材料时,作用于台背的土压力和回填体的变形特性。研究发现：陶粒粉煤灰混凝土具有轻质、高强度、高模量和易施工等诸多优点;陶粒粉煤灰混凝土回填体作用于台背的土压力明显小于常规回填材料;回填区和地基的沉降变形亦明显小于其他材料。结果表明：陶粒粉煤灰混凝土作为台背回填材料具有明显的优越性,是一种值得推荐的桥涵台背回填材料。 相似文献
7.
为了实现在厚松散含水砂层下留设防塌煤(岩)柱以提高开采上限,研究厚含水砂层区域注浆改造技术。以安徽淮北五沟煤矿1010-1工作面第四含水层(简称四含)下提高上限开采为目标,通过理论计算、注浆材料配比实验和原位注浆试验,对改造范围和层位、注浆材料的适用性、不同深度的浆液配比、钻孔布置方式和注浆方法进行分析,并通过取心测试、水文地质试验和井下钻孔验证对注浆效果进行检验。结果表明：五沟煤矿四含改造区域松散含水砂层底部无黏土,且在有含水风化基岩条件下,提高上限开采需同时注浆改造松散砂层和风化基岩;粉煤灰–水泥浆较石膏–水泥浆具有更好的体积稳定性,粉煤灰掺量20%～50%的粉煤灰–水泥浆结石率大于98%,且有较稳定的凝结强度,能够满足砂层劈裂注浆的需求,风化基岩采用纯水泥浆或10%以内掺量的粉煤灰–水泥浆,基岩之上2倍采高的砂层注入10%～20%掺量的粉煤灰–水泥浆改造后充当保护层,上部采用20%～50%掺量的粉煤灰–水泥浆进行充填压密,粉煤灰掺量随注浆深度递减;注浆终压可在最浅部砂层注浆劈裂压力的基础上,按地层压力和孔隙水压力梯度0.3 MPa/10 m增加;泄压诱导注浆可有效控制浆液的劈裂扩... 相似文献
8.
高活性粉煤灰是一种新型注浆材料,本文结合工程实际,系统介绍了高活性粉煤灰作为注浆材料的性能,并与水泥浆材料进行了多方面的应用比较。得出了高活性粉煤灰的成本低、渗透性好等优点,值得推广应用。 相似文献
9.
0 引言
粉煤灰的主要来源是以煤粉为原料的热电厂和城市集中供热锅炉,随着我国电力工业的迅速发展,粉煤灰的排放量与日俱增.2005年全国的能源消费量达到22.2亿t标准煤,比2000年增长55.2%,其中煤炭消费21.4亿t,增长了近9亿t.火电行业消耗煤炭11.1亿t,产生粉煤灰约3亿t.因此,如何更高效地利用粉煤灰成为近几年来国内十分关注的重要课题. 相似文献
10.
极软岩巷道锚注加固注浆材料研究与应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
锚注加固是一种理想的改善软岩巷道的围岩承载性能的措施。在实验室对粉煤灰-水泥锚注加固注浆材料的流动性、析水性及抗压强度进行了试验研究,找出了注浆材料的适宜配比,即粉煤灰掺量在20 %以下,水灰比为0.65～0.70,并在新集三矿极软岩巷道修复加固中进行了应用。 相似文献
11.
粉煤灰一直被认为是固体废物,其资源属性和环境属性未能得到认可。本文从矿物资源角度,将粉煤灰"传统"的固体废物概念转变到"非传统"的矿物资源上来,提出了粉煤灰的矿物学资源属性和环境属性,探讨了它作为矿物资源在建材、化工和农业等领域的应用,阐明其环境属性。粉煤灰的环境效应体现在对陆地生态系统和水生生态系统影响与危害。然而,粉煤灰在治理环境污染和保护生态方面也有着积极的作用,如处理废水、烟气脱硫和合成环境功能材料等。 相似文献
12.
Hydraulic Conductivity Tests for Evaluating Compatibility of Lateritic Soil—Fly Ash Mixtures with Municipal Waste Leachate 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Agapitus Ahamefule Amadi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(3):259-265
Long term competent performance of liner systems is a critical issue in the design and construction of waste repositories
due to adverse interactions associated with leachate generated by wastes. This study was conducted to verify the efficacy
of fly ash stabilization in enhancing compatibility between lateritic soil and municipal waste leachate. Applications investigated
include soil mixtures containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% fly ash compacted at approximately 2% wet of optimum moisture content
with modified proctor energy. Baseline hydraulic conductivity was first established at every level of fly ash content by permeating
soil mixtures with tap water before permeation with leachate in a compaction mould permeameter using the falling head test
method. Results show that the trend in hydraulic conductivity of specimen containing 0% fly ash was characterized by a gradual
but erratic decrease which may suggests partial entry of the leachate cations into the double layer. Conversely, specimens
containing fly ash showed a general trend consisting of an initial drop in k (up to an order of magnitude) that was followed
by slight decrease sustained until k stabilized and later terminated. Above 10% fly ash content, the relatively high values
of k observed was not connected with the reactivity of the soil mixtures with leachate, rather it may be attributed to excessive
fly ash content that altered their textural and hydraulic properties. The result of this study is potentially significant
in the assessment of fly ash as a compatibility enhancing agent which can be admixed in barrier materials that are susceptible
to adverse reactions with the liquid to be contained. 相似文献
13.
为了粉煤灰的高附加值综合利用,采用酸浸法对准格尔地区循环流化床粉煤灰进行了镓的浸出实验研究,考察了多种因素对镓的浸出率的影响,包括粉煤灰粒度,酸的种类与浓度、酸浸温度与时间、固液比等。结果表明,提高镓的浸出率的适宜条件为:粉煤灰粒度200目,盐酸的浓度6 mol/L,酸浸温度应大于160℃,酸浸时间6 h,液固比在5∶1~6∶1之间为宜。在优选的工艺条件下,镓的浸出率可达80%以上。从粉煤灰中提取镓,使其作为一种资源加以利用,是提高粉煤灰综合利用价值的有效途径。 相似文献
14.
针对不同养护龄期对于粉煤灰水泥土抗剪强度影响的问题,采用不固结不排水三轴剪切试验从宏观力学的角度分析养护龄期对粉煤灰水泥土的影响,结合SEM试验和XRD试验从微观角度分析试样内部结构与物质成分。试验结果表明:从宏观角度分析,粉煤灰水泥土的应力-应变曲线呈现应变软化型,试样的抗剪强度随养护龄期的增加逐渐增大且28 d的抗剪强度最大,同时,由于试样内部各物质之间的反应随养护龄期的增加而持续进行,龄期越长试样内部各物质之间的胶结作用越强,致使试样的内摩擦角和黏聚力随养护龄期逐渐增大;从微观角度分析,试样内部生成的结晶物质(钙矾石)与胶凝物质(C-S-H凝胶)等填充试样内部的大孔隙且相互黏结,导致试样愈加密实,抗剪强度增大。本文旨在为粉煤灰等材料固化黄土的抗剪强度提供试验依据,为粉煤灰等工业副产品在工程中的应用提供参考,对粉煤灰的利用和环境保护具有参考意义。 相似文献
15.
The aim of this study was to investigate the geochemical characteristics of arsenic in the solid material samples of the Mae Moh Mine and also the Mae Moh power plants fly ash samples were systematically studied. Arsenic concentration in overburden, coal lignite and fly ash are variable (depending on source of solid samples). The results show that the strata of overburden, J seam of coal and fly ash are rich in arsenic and also relatively soluble from fly ash; it occurs as a surface precipitate on the ash particle. The experimental study on speciation in the strata also indicates that the arsenic speciation of Mae Moh solid samples are mainly arsenate, As (V), which are approaching exceed 80%. Arsenic content in the main of overburden is in the range of 14.3–888.8 mg/kg, which is larger than the arsenic background soil values. Solid materials polluted wastewater; the arsenic speciation was present predominantly as arsenate in the surface water of a series of Mae Moh solid materials basins. 相似文献
16.
以氟石膏为主要胶凝材料通过掺加各种外加剂、骨料等对其进行改性处理,制得氟石膏基自流平地坪砂浆,优化配方为:氟石膏75～90 w%,激发剂10～25 w%,减水剂0.25～1 w%,可再分散乳胶粉0～4 w%,稳定剂0.05～0.1 w%和粉煤灰0～5 w%;流动度达240mm,绝干抗折强度为8.3 MPa,绝干抗压强度为26.7 MPa,拉伸粘结强度为0.64MPa,收缩率为0.049%,性能均达到日本住宅公团标准要求。在800mm×800mm水泥基地上进行实验,经过3 d砂浆表面光滑,未发现裂纹。 相似文献
17.
粉煤灰是火电厂燃煤的副产品,如何处理利用是国内外十分关注的问题。目前,解决这一问题的途径很多,利用粉煤灰进行筑坝或作为基础填筑材料是比较有效的消纳方法。粉煤灰是一种轻质、多孔松散体,在许多方面具有比较优越的工程性能,但因为纯的粉煤灰缺少必要的凝聚力,对水的反映较为敏感,从而对工程的安全运行造成不利影响。在粉煤灰中掺合不同量的黏土有望改善粉煤灰的工程性能,对不同掺土量粉煤灰力学特性的研究有助于更好促进粉煤灰的工程应用。以咸阳渭河电厂粉煤灰为研究对象,对其掺入不同比例的黄土掺合形成掺土粉煤灰,通过击实试验、压缩试验、直剪试验和三轴试验等研究不同掺土量下粉煤灰的工程特性,得到不同掺土量对粉煤灰变形及强度特性的影响规律,为在工程中有效利用粉煤灰,改善其工程性质提供参考。 相似文献
18.
Haifang Wen Justin Warner Tuncer Edil Gingan Wang 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2010,28(4):405-411
In-place recycling of asphalt pavement materials is a sustainable rehabilitation method. Existing hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layer
is pulverized and blended with some or the entire base course and possibly some subgrade to form a broadly graded material
referred to as recycled pavement material (RPM). The RPM is then compacted as the new base course and overlaid by a new layer
of HMA. In some occasions, additives are added to increase the strength of RPM base course, such as cement, emulsion, fly
ash. It is plausible to utilize high calcium high carbon fly ash, as the high level of carbon prevents fly ash from being
used in concrete. A series of laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of these materials, including crushed
aggregate, untreated RPM, and treated RPM with high carbon fly ash. The tests included compaction, California Bearing Ratio,
resilient modulus, and unconfined compressive strength for treated RPM. The engineering properties of these materials were
compared. 相似文献
19.
Backfilling of mine voids is mandatory to avoid subsequent ground stability problems in the form of subsidence. River sand
and mill tailings have been widely used since a long time as backfilling materials. However, with a strict regulation banning
river sand mining in India, research for developing alternative engineering materials substituting sand has gained importance.
In the present study four fly ash composite materials (FCMs) was developed from the fly ash obtained from a captive thermal
unit of Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP). The main constituent of the composite were fly ash, lime and gypsum. Detailed physical,
and engineering properties were determined for the FCMs. Significant increases in the compressive strength were obtained after
56 days of curing time. A detailed SEM studies was undertaken to account for the increase in strength with time. The fly ash
composite developed from RSP has potential to be used as substitute to sand for backfilling the mine voids. 相似文献
20.
Clay liners or compacted earthen barriers are important barrier materials used for preventing contaminant transport through soils. A low hydraulic conductivity (k) is a significant parameter that governs the design and construction of clay liners. Compacted expansive clays, which are montmorillonite clays, also have a very low hydraulic conductivity (k). When expansive clays are blended with fly ash, an industrial waste, the hydraulic conductivity (k) further reduces as the ash-clay blends result in increased dry densities at increased fly ash contents. Hence, fly ash-stabilised expansive clay can also be proposed as a unique clay liner material. As expansive clays undergo heave when they come into contact with water, it is necessary to study the heave behaviour of fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners. This paper presents heave studies on fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners. Fly ash in different contents by dry weight of the expansive clay was added to the clay, and the ash-clay blend was compacted as a liner overlying a natural field soil layer. Compacted lateritic clay was used for simulating the natural field soil into which contaminants migrate. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution of varying concentration (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 mM) was used as the permeating fluid in the heave studies. The rate of heave and the amount of heave of the fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners were monitored. Deionised water (DIW) was also used as inundating fluid for comparative study. Heave (mm) decreased with increase in solute concentration for all fly ash contents. For a given solute concentration, heave decreased up to a fly ash content of 20 % and thereafter it increased when the fly ash content was increased to 30 %. Heave of the fly ash-stabilised expansive clay liners was correlated with their permeability, liquid limit (LL) and free swell index (FSI) pertaining to the respective fly ash content and CaCl2 concentration. 相似文献