共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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广州珠江西航道,流溪河有机污染特征与感潮作用 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
珠江西航道和流溪河在广州市区上游，为广州市主要水源区。由于感潮作用，受市区严重污染的水体因涨潮上溯而上游传输。严重影响上游水质。因此，弄清感潮作用对广州水源区水质的影响程度和范围，对水源保护与利用有重要意义。本研究从下游到上游，对水源区底泥中有机物特征进行了分析，结果表明：（１）从上游到上游，受感潮作用影响逐渐减小，污染程度逐渐减轻；（２）水源区有机物特征呈有规律变化。从靠近城市的下游到远离城市的 相似文献
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珠江广州河段不同粒径沉积物中多氯联苯(PCBs)的分布特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
采用湿分法分别将采自珠江广州河段芳村和黄埔水域的沉积物样品分成5个粒径的组分，并测定各组分中多氯联苯(PCBs)、矿物组成、总有机碳(TOC)和碳黑的含量。结果表明，有机质类型是控制多氯联苯在不同粒径组分中的分布特征和富集能力的主要因素。不同粒径组分对含不同氯原子数PCB同系物的富集能力也受有机质类型的影响。在本实验中，含煤屑和焦碳的粒径组分对含有较多氯原子(≥4)PCB同系物的富集能力较强，而含无定型有机质的粒径组分对含较少(2～3)氯原子PCB同系物的富集能力较强。 相似文献
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浅析重金属在潮汐河段的变化规律 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大辽河营口段系感潮河段,是河流和海洋两种动力因素共同作用的区域,河川径流有丰、平、枯及年内、年际变化,而潮汐则有涨、落潮和大、中、小潮的周期变化,这些变化使污染物质的迁移转化、稀释扩散及自净的机理变得更加复杂。对潮汐河段特性、重金属在潮汐河段中的变化及回荡时间的演变规律进行研究探讨,得出重金属在潮汐河段中的转化与氯离子浓度、有机络合物、碳酸盐等物质有关,向海水排泄速度与上游来水量大小及涨落潮有关,认识这些规律,对治理和净化大辽河河水水质有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
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珠江口的沉积作用和沉积相 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
珠江口为华南沿海的重要河口,是珠江水(系(西江、北江、东江、流溪河)的受水盆地。珠江流域每年有8000余万吨悬沙。大约3000万吨溶解质和少量底沙进入珠江河口区域,它们在迳流、潮流和其他海洋动力因素共同影响下,沉积作用甚为活跃。但是珠江口水域宽阔,地形复杂,各河口、河口湾或湾外区域的动力背景及泥沙运动不尽相同,因而其沉积作用和沉积特征也具有区域差异。 相似文献
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铜陵矿区主要河流水质分析与污染评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铜陵矿区是长江下游重要的铜铁资源基地,也是典型的含硫多金属矿区,矿山酸性废水是矿业开发活动不可避免的环境问题,对地表水体有很大影响。本文以铜陵矿区主要河流为研究对象,通过野外调查采样和室内测试分析,从常规理化性质、矿山酸性废水和重金属元素三方面分析了的水质现状,采用单因子指数和内梅罗水质指数法进行了污染评价。结果表明:(1)矿区河流污染成分以有机污染和矿山酸性废水污染为主,其次是重金属污染。(2)在检测的46个河段中, 按综合污染指数大小分级,共计有93.48%的河段受到不同程度的污染,其中,水质严重污染的河段占 4.35%,水质重污染的河段占13.04%,水质污染的河段占 65.22%,水质轻污染的河段占10.87%;共计有6.52%的河段水质较好,均为清洁状态。(3)3条河流按污染程度大小依次为新桥河>顺安河>红星河,除顺安河外,其他均受到了矿山酸性废水污染。今后应重点关注矿山酸性废水的污染机理与风险评估,加强矿区水环境保护与恢复治理工作。 相似文献
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兰州市宛川河中段表层沉积物中重金属元素迁移富集特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对兰州市宛川河中段双店子河段表层沉积物元素分析,结合有机质含量和粒度测试,运用聚类分析和相关分析的方法,研究了重金属元素在河流表层沉积环境中的分布及迁移富集等地球化学行为与特征。结果表明Zn元素在研究河段有轻度污染;相关分析表明重金属元素含量与沉积物粒度之间无显著相关性,重金属元素主要是在固-液平衡体系中、通过多相化学反应形成沉淀。污染源分析表明,造纸污水的排放是造成研究区域中上游河段有机质含量较高的主要原因,大分子有机物质的存在不仅改变了此段河流沉积物粒度的变化,且有机质对重金属元素的富集有一定减缓作用。 相似文献
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松花江水质污染严重,但其水质净化作用也很强,两者相互作用结果使哈尔滨江段上游断面江水基本符合地面二级水标准,下游断面基本符合地面三级水标准,把通过河底沉积物向漏斗渗透补给的江水中的污染质,大部分净化在含水层之外,对优质地下水起到了保护作用。 相似文献
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中国北方岩溶地下水污染分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来，受气候变化和强烈人类活动的影响，环境物质及能量多频次、大范围的输入，极大程度上改变着岩溶水系统的水环境质量，岩溶水生态环境遭受不同程度的威胁和破坏，岩溶水水质日趋恶化。本文归纳分析了我国北方岩溶水系统水质特征、污染现状、污染来源及污染途径。我国北方岩溶水水质类型中硫酸盐型水和氯化物型水的分布逐渐增加，主要污染组分为总硬度、SO42-、F-、NO3-和TDS等。其中硫酸盐和硝酸盐污染强度和范围最大，呈现出显著的人类活动影响特征。依据我国北方岩溶系统结构及水力学特征，将岩溶水污染途径概括为:①连续入渗型——主要包括岩溶区地表水（河流、水库等）渗漏污染，城镇污水渠或排污管道破损引起的污水渗漏污染；②越流型污染——污染孔/裂隙水（含矿坑水/老窑积水等）越流污染岩溶水；③间歇入渗型——固废淋溶入渗和污水灌溉渗漏污染等。据此提出了推进岩溶水水资源保护和污染防治的合理化建议。 相似文献
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内陆河流域水文过程研究的一些科学问题 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
水科学研究的发展，对水文科学提出了新的挑战，即如何在流域、区域和全球尺度进行学科交叉、综合集成和协同研究，从而更全面地认识水在地球资源和环境变化中的作用，认识水圈及其与大气圈、岩石圈和生物圈的相互作用。为了解内陆河流域水文循环和水量平衡各分量之间的变化和转化关系及其与生态和环境之间的相互作用，以及对全球变化和人类活动的响应和反馈，基于内陆河流域上游山区径流形成区、中游人工绿洲水资源开发利用区和下游荒漠绿洲径流散失区的流域水文循环特征，从能水通量、生态和生物地球化学过程讨论了山区水文过程；从生态水文、尺度转换、阈值和反馈讨论了水文和植被的相互作用；从国外提出的关键作用带的概念讨论了内陆河流域地下水—土壤—植被作用层的水文过程。提出了开展内陆河流域水文过程观测和研究的基本框架。 相似文献
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Tidal freshwater wetlands (TFW) are situated in the upper estuary in a zone bordered upstream by the nontidal river and downstream by the oligohaline region. Here, discharge of freshwater from the river and the daily tidal pulse from the sea combine to create conditions where TFW develop. TFW are often located where human population density is high, which has led to wetland degradation or destruction. Globally, TFW are largely restricted to the temperate zone where the magnitude of annual river discharge prevents saline waters from penetrating too far inland. The constant input of river water delivers high loads of sediments, dissolved nutrients, and other suspended matter leading to high sedimentation rates and high nutrient levels. Prominent biogeochemical processes include the transformation of nitrogen by bacteria and immobilization of phosphate. A diverse, characteristic vegetation community develops which supports a rich fauna. Biotic diversity is highest in the high marsh areas and decreases in the lower levels where tidal inundation is greatest. Benthic fauna is rather poor in diversity but high in biomass compared to other regions of the estuary. Global climate change is a threat for this system directly by sea level rise, which will cause brackish water to intrude into the fresh system, and indirectly during droughts, which reduce river discharge. Salinity will affect the presence of flora and fauna and facilitates sulfate reduction of organic matter in the soil. Increased decomposition of organic matter following saltwater intrusion can result in a lowering of wetland surface elevation. The papers assembled in this issue focus on how these tidal freshwater wetlands have changed over recent time and how they may respond to new impacts in the future. 相似文献
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平原河网区域来水组成原理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于一般树状分布河网，上一级河道总是汇入至下一级河道，位于河道下游断面的流量总是由其上游汇集而至。但对于平原河网地区，特别是人工控制建筑物众多，又受潮汐影响的地区(如太湖流域)，河网错综复杂，水流方向不定，要跟踪某个断面的水流去向，或某个河段的水体、断面流量是从哪里汇集而来的，非常困难。但这样的问题在生产实践中往往对其很感兴趣。例如从常熟枢纽引长江水流进入望虞河后，流向何处?河网各断面流量中或各河段水体中常熟枢纽引江水量占多少比重?对这些问题的研究可以估计常熟枢纽引江的效果和影响范围。因此，平原河网区域来水组成方法在生产实践中具有重要意义。重点介绍了平原河网区域来水组成原理及其在太湖流域的应用。 相似文献
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Economic and urban development in the province of Tucumán is closely associated with its hydrological network. In spite of the regulatory efforts to preserve the quality of the water resources, the lower basins of the majority of the rivers are contaminated with organic effluents derived from sugar-mill and citrus industry. In this paper, the conditions of the Colorado River basin are described. At its headwater, the lithology and geology determine the chemical composition. Calcite and gypsum dissolution and silicate influence water composition, which is slightly perturbed a few kilometers downstream by geothermal waters discharged by a tributary. Close to the discharge into the Salí River, the Colorado River receives a high organic matter load from the highly polluted Calimayo stream, which produces an increase in the organic matter and depletion of dissolved oxygen with redox conditions that promote the reduction of sulfate to sulfide. 相似文献
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Melanie Beck Olaf Dellwig Hans-Jürgen Brumsack 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2008,72(12):2822-2840
Trace metals (Mn, Fe, Mo, U, Cr, V) were studied in pore waters of an intertidal flat located in the German Wadden Sea. The study system is an example of a permeable tidal flat system where pore water exchange is affected by tidal driven pressure gradients besides diffusion. Permanently installed in situ samplers were used to extract pore waters down to 5 m depth throughout one year. The samplers were either located close to the tidal flat margin or in central parts of the tidal flat. Despite dynamic sedimentological and hydrological conditions, the general trends with depth in deep tidal flat pore waters are remarkably similar to those observed in deep sea environments. Rates of trace metal cycling must be comparably large in order to maintain the observed pore water profiles. Trace metals further show similar general trends with depth close to the margin and in central parts of the tidal flat. Seasonal sampling revealed that V and Cr vary concurrent with seasonal changes in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. This effect is most notable close to the tidal flat margin where sulphate, DOC, and nutrients vary with season down to some metres depth. Seasonal variations of Mn, Fe, Mo, and U are by contrast limited to the upper decimetres of the sediment. Their seasonal patterns depend on organic matter supply, redox stratification, and particulate matter deposited on sediment surfaces. Pore water sampling within one tidal cycle provides evidence for pore water advection in margin sediments. During low tide pore water flow towards the creekbank is generated by a hydraulic gradient suggesting that deep pore waters may be seeping out of creekbank sediments. Owing to the enrichment of specific elements like Mn in pore water compared to sea water, seeping pore waters may have an impact on the chemistry of the open water column. Mass balance calculations reveal that the impact of deep pore waters on the Mn budget in the open water column is below 4%. Mn deep pore water discharge of the whole Wadden Sea is estimated to be about 9% of the total dissolved riverine Mn input into the Southern North Sea. 相似文献
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考虑污染源强随机变化和感潮河流潮周期内动态水文条件对水质的影响,建立了优化污染负荷分配的流域水质管理模型。模型以总的允许排污量最大为目标函数,流域的水质控制点达标为约束条件。假设排污量是服从对数正态分布的随机变量,并且以潮周期内水质达标的概率作为衡量控制点达标的依据。采用遗传算法对该随机规划模型进行求解。研究结果表明,污染负荷优化分配结果能够满足随机条件下的水质达标率要求,并且与传统的确定性线性规划模型的分配结果相比有着明显差别。同时证实了遗传算法能够有效地解决复杂的随机规划模型。 相似文献
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杭州城市供水85%取自钱塘江河口段,取水水质在枯水大潮期都不同程度地受到盐水入侵的威胁,分析钱塘江河口盐水入侵时空变化及研制二维数值预测模型对保障城市供水安全十分必要。根据钱塘江河口段实测水文氯度资料,分析了强潮作用下盐水入侵的时空变化特征;据此构建考虑斜压作用的二维水流、盐度输移的耦合数学模型,计算格式采用守恒性较好的有限体积法;在模型验证的基础上,数值分析了径流和潮汐对钱塘江河口段盐水入侵的影响,结果表明河口段的盐水入侵明显地受径流和潮汐的影响,据此可通过增大上游新安江水库的下泄流量抑制盐水入侵上溯以减小取水口氯度及超标时间,确保用水安全。 相似文献
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The particulate organic matter (POM) in hydrodynamically variable habitats such as the lower reaches of estuaries can change in its content and quality on very short time scales (example, hourly), and these changes can potentially influence higher-level consumers in river-estuary-marine systems. Estuarine water samples were collected hourly for 12 h downstream in a small river to evaluate the fatty acid composition of POM over a tidal cycle. Fatty acid constituents of POM collected during the flood tide were dominated by the saturated, higher plant and bacterial fatty acids, whereas unsaturated, polyunsaturated, essential, and diatom-associated fatty acids dominated the POM collected during the ebb tide. Elevated algal biomass (as indicated by high chlorophyll a concentrations), diatom, and freshness indices in the POM indicated enhanced fresh autochthonous-origin materials that dominated the mixed organic pool during the ebb tide compared to more degraded detritus during the flood tide. Tidal retention of organic matter and algal primary production were the most influential factors that differentiated the fatty acid composition of estuarine POM over the short time scale. The results of this study have important implications on the quality of POM at the time of sampling, especially in estuaries where mixed organic pools have multiple inputs and are strongly influenced by tidal cycles. 相似文献