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1.
为了探索碳酸盐台地在海盆演化过程中的作用,对南海南部礼乐滩区域碳酸盐台地的发育及其与新生代构造沉降特征的相关性进行研究.对多道地震数据的分析表明:在研究区广泛发育包括碳酸盐台地和生物礁在内的碳酸盐沉积,其发育时间主要集中在晚渐新世至早中新世期间,在中中新世后开始退积和淹没.通过对穿越礼乐滩区的两条NW-SE向测线NH973-2和DPS93-2的构造沉降反演,进行沉降量、沉降速率计算和构造分析.结果表明:沉降速率及沉降量随不同时期的构造活动而发生变化,可分为缓慢沉降期(古新世-早渐新世,张裂阶段)、隆升剥蚀期(晚渐新世-早中新世,漂移阶段)、加速沉降期(早中新世末期,后漂移阶段1)、强烈沉降期(中新世,后漂移阶段2)和稳定沉降期(晚中新世至今,后漂移阶段3)5个发育期.碳酸盐台地的发育期和南海海盆的漂移阶段相对应,构造沉降的分析表明该期间具有构造抬升作用,其与相对上升的海平面结合有利于碳酸盐沉积的发育.在南海扩张期间主地幔对流的控制下,南部陆缘区礼乐地块和礼乐滩盆地之间较大的地壳厚度差异会导致侧向上地温梯度的差异,从而形成礼乐滩盆地之下的次生对流.该次生对流控制了研究区在晚渐新世至早中新世期间的隆升剥蚀作用. 相似文献
2.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(1-3):83-100
The Magura Basin domain developed in its initial stage as a Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rifted passive margin that faced the eastern parts of the oceanic Alpine Tethys. In the pre- and syn-orogenic evolution of the Magura Basin the following prominent periods can be distinguished: Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous syn-rift opening of basins (1) followed by Early Cretaceous post-rift thermal subsidence (2), latest Cretaceous–Paleocene syn-collisional inversion (3), Late Paleocene to Middle Eocene flexural subsidence (4) and Late Eocene - Early Miocene synorogenic closing of the basin (5). The driving forces of tectonic subsidence of the basin were syn-rift and thermal post-rift processes, as well as tectonic loads related to the emplacement of accretionary wedge. This process was initiated at the end of the Paleocene at the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB)/Magura Basin boundary and was completed during Late Oligocene in the northern part of the Magura Basin. During Early Miocene the Magura Basin was finally folded, thrusted and uplifted as the Magura Nappe. 相似文献
3.
万安盆地是南海西南部重要的沉积盆地之一,深入分析其构造—沉积充填特征对于认识南海南部主要构造事件及其沉积响应具有重要的科学意义.利用覆盖全盆地的二维地震资料,结合国内外的研究成果,对万安盆地构造—层序特征及其构造—沉积充填演化进行分析.研究表明,万安盆地内新生代以来可识别出8个主要的二级/三级层序界面.沉降模拟显示,盆地沉降整体表现出一个“快—慢—快”的过程,且整体呈现出东高西低,中高南低的特征.综合构造层序特征和沉降模拟结果,万安盆地新生代以来沉积演化可分为5个阶段:初始裂陷期、晚期裂陷期、断坳转换期、裂后热沉降期和裂后加速热沉降期.盆地自形成以来,沉降主要受东亚大陆边缘区域拉张所造成的深部断裂的影响,至上新世,万安断裂转而成为盆地沉降的主要影响因素,并由此造成了早期盆地沉降中心由中部向西迁移,然后再逐步向东迁移的特征.渐新世至早中新世为盆地裂陷阶段,以陆源碎屑岩沉积为主,断陷早期可能为湖相,晚期为浅海相;中中新世为盆地断坳转换阶段,晚中新世以来为盆地裂后热沉降阶段,二者均发育陆源碎屑岩和自生碳酸盐岩两种沉积类型,且裂后热沉降期碳酸盐岩沉积范围相对缩小,陆缘碎屑岩沉积范围相对扩大. 相似文献
4.
以最新的地质 地球物理资料和北黄海盆地构造几何学特征为基础,采用盆地反演模拟与宏观分析相结合的方法,系统解析了北黄海盆地的构造运动学特征。研究表明,北黄海盆地在中、新生代时期经历了水平伸展、水平挤压、相对平移(走滑)以及垂直差异升降等几种运动型式,其中,水平伸展运动和垂直差异升降运动是北黄海盆地构造运动及形成演化的主体。水平伸展运动可以划分为J3-K1、E2和E3三个主要“伸展事件”,并控制着盆地的成盆演化,其南北向伸展强度均东强西弱,东西向最大伸展强度自中生代到新生代由东向西迁移。水平挤压运动主要有晚白垩世和渐新世末-中新世初期两期。相对平移(走滑)运动伴随水平伸展运动和水平挤压运动发生,使多数NNE向、NW向断裂具有相对压扭或张扭平移(走滑)性质,其中尤以NNE向断裂更为明显。垂直差异升降运动具有“幕式”渐进之特点,晚侏罗世、早白垩世、始新世、渐新世以及中新世中晚期以来为沉降期,其中尤以始新世的沉降速率最大,晚白垩世、古新世、中新世早期为抬升剥蚀期;盆地的中、新生代沉降作用具有明显的自东向西迁移规律:东部坳陷以中生代沉降作用最为显著,中部坳陷主沉降期为始新世,而西部坳陷的快速沉降主要发生在始新世,并一直持续到渐新世。 相似文献
5.
受近南北向扩张机制控制,南海陆缘盆地或凹陷多呈NE向带状展布,总体上具有“南三北三”平行排列、外窄内宽的特点。新生代发生的4次重要区域构造运动具有穿时性,共发育3期盆地破裂不整合面,分别是早渐新世与晚渐新世之间、古近纪与新近纪之间、中中新世与晚中新世之间;由东往西,盆地破裂不整合面的时代逐渐变新。受构造运动与海平面升降影响,南海海域发育湖相、海陆过渡相和陆源海相3类烃源岩。由南北两侧向中央海盆,烃源岩类型由湖相逐渐过渡到海陆过渡相与陆源海相;从东向西,盆地主力烃源岩层位逐渐变新,由始新统-渐新统逐渐过渡到渐新统-中新统。南海海域烃源岩的分布规律与盆地破裂不整面存在密切关系:破裂不整合面形成早（早渐新世与晚渐新世之间）的盆地,主力烃源岩形成早（始新统湖相烃源岩）;反之,破裂不整合面形成晚（中中新世与晚中新世之间）的盆地,则烃源岩形成晚（渐新统-中新统海陆过渡相到陆源海相烃源岩）。 相似文献
6.
以银川盆地构造反转为研究对象,从构造反转证据、反转时期以及反转强度等方面进行了分析,以此为基础,探讨 了银川盆地中生代以来构造演化。研究表明:负反转构造的发育、新生界与中-古生界地层展布特征的差异性以及伸展构 造样式与挤压构造样式并存等方面证明银川盆地发生负反转;构造反转的挤压隆升时期为晚侏罗世,伸展沉降期为渐新世 至新近纪;银川盆地北部构造反转强度大于南部,西部反转强度大东部;银川盆地自中生代以来经历了三叠纪至早-中侏 罗世时期的整体沉降、晚侏罗世的挤压隆升与差异剥蚀、早白垩世的再次沉降、白垩纪末期至新生代早期的整体隆升剥 蚀、渐新世至新近纪的快速断陷以及第四纪的整体拗陷六个演化叠合阶段。 相似文献
7.
The study provides a regional seismic interpretation and mapping of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic succession of the Lusitanian Basin and the shelf and slope area off Portugal. The seismic study is compared with previous studies of the Lusitanian Basin. From the Late Triassic to the Cretaceous the study area experienced four rift phases and intermittent periods of tectonic quiescence. The Triassic rifting was concentrated in the central part of the Lusitanian Basin and in the southernmost part of the study area, both as symmetrical grabens and half-grabens. The evolution of half-grabens was particularly prominent in the south. The Triassic fault-controlled subsidence ceased during the latest Late Triassic and was succeeded by regional subsidence during the early Early Jurassic (Hettangian) when deposition of evaporites took place. A second rift phase was initiated in the Early Jurassic, most likely during the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian. This resulted in minor salt movements along the most prominent faults. The second phase was concentrated to the area south of the Nazare Fault Zone and resulted here in the accumulation of a thick Sinemurian–Callovian succession. Following a major hiatus, probably as a result of the opening of the Central Atlantic, resumed deposition occurred during the Late Jurassic. Evidence for Late Jurassic fault-controlled subsidence is widespread over the whole basin. The pattern of Late Jurassic subsidence appears to change across the Nazare Fault Zone. North of the Nazare Fault, fault-controlled subsidence occurred mainly along NNW–SSE-trending faults and to the south of this fault zone a NNE–SSW fault pattern seems to dominate. The Oxfordian rift phase is testified in onlapping of the Oxfordian succession on salt pillows which formed in association with fault activity. The fourth and final rift phase was in the latest Late Jurassic or earliest Early Cretaceous. The Jurassic extensional tectonism resulted in triggering of salt movement and the development of salt structures along fault zones. However, only salt pillow development can be demonstrated. The extensional tectonics ceased during the Early Cretaceous. During most of the Cretaceous, regional subsidence occurred, resulting in the deposition of a uniform Lower and Upper Cretaceous succession. Marked inversion of former normal faults, particularly along NE–SW-trending faults, and development of salt diapirs occurred during the Middle Miocene, probably followed by tectonic pulses during the Late Miocene to present. The inversion was most prominent in the central and southern parts of the study area. In between these two areas affected by structural inversion, fault-controlled subsidence resulted in the formation of the Cenozoic Lower Tagus Basin. Northwest of the Nazare Fault Zone the effect of the compressional tectonic regime quickly dies out and extensional tectonic environment seems to have prevailed. The Miocene compressional stress was mainly oriented NW–SE shifting to more N–S in the southern part. 相似文献
8.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(16):2029-2045
ABSTRACTThe Mesozoic–Cenozoic Gunsan Basin is the northeastern part of the Northern South Yellow Sea Basin between eastern China and the Korean Peninsula. On the basis of seismic interpretation, this study presents and interprets geologic features of regionally uplifted structures, the Haema Arch, located in the central western part of the basin. The Haema Arch is defined as dome-shaped uplift complexes, 95 km long and 60 km wide. It is characterized by prominent basement uplifts along its margin and plunging syncline inside the arch. The marginal large-scale uplifts are bounded by outward-dipping faults. The uplift-related strata are identified on the hanging wall block of the bounding faults and within the Haema Arch, which can be divided into pre-, syn-, and post-uplift units. The pre-uplift unit rests on the acoustic basement and shows an upturned stratal pattern near the marginal large-scale uplift. The syn-uplift unit locally occurs on the hanging wall block of the bounding faults along the northern and southern margins. The uplift of the Haema Arch and its coeval fault-controlled subsidence possibly occurred during the late Oligocene. The post-uplift unit initially formed on remnant topographic lows during the early Miocene and subsequently covered the overall area of the Haema Arch and the Gunsan Basin. The late Oligocene uplifting of the Haema Arch can be interpreted as an isostatic response to tectonic unloading by the arch-bounding faults that possibly extend to detachment faults. We suggest that the Gunsan Basin underwent crustal thinning and extensional deformation during the late Oligocene, which accounts for the coeval uplifting and fault-controlled subsidence in the study area. 相似文献
9.
We constructed a geological map, a 3D model and cross-sections, carried out a structural analysis, determined the stress fields and tectonic transport vectors, restored a cross section and performed a subsidence analysis to unravel the kinematic evolution of the NE emerged portion of the Asturian Basin (NW Iberian Peninsula), where Jurassic rocks crop out. The major folds run NW-SE, normal faults exhibit three dominant orientations: NW-SE, NE-SW and E-W, and thrusts display E-W strikes. After Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic thermal subsidence, Middle Jurassic doming occurred, accompanied by normal faulting, high heat flow and basin uplift, followed by Upper Jurassic high-rate basin subsidence. Another extensional event, possibly during Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, caused an increment in the normal faults displacement. A contractional event, probably of Cenozoic age, led to selective and irregularly distributed buttressing and fault reactivation as reverse or strike-slip faults, and folding and/or offset of some previous faults by new generation folds and thrusts. The Middle Jurassic event could be a precursor of the Bay of Biscay and North Atlantic opening that occurred from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, whereas the Cenozoic event would be responsible for the Pyrenean and Cantabrian ranges and the partial closure of the Bay of Biscay. 相似文献
10.
N. G. Vashchenkova M. T. Gorovaya A. V. Mozherovskii 《Russian Journal of Pacific Geology》2009,3(3):249-259
The Argillite Sequence located at the base of the sedimentary cover on the continental slope of the Sea of Japan was studied by petrographic, palynological, and X-ray diffraction methods. Two spores-pollen complexes were distinguished in it: the Late Oligocene reflecting cooling and the Early Miocene corresponding to initiated warming. The data obtained indicate that the sequence is composed of terrigenous silty-clayey sediments that accumulated in shallow coastal-marine settings. The global sea-level rise at the Early-Middle Miocene transition, combined with the regional tectonic processes, determined the basin deepening, owing to which the argillite sequence was overlain by thick Middle Miocene diatomaceous-clayey sediments. Due to tectonic movement along existing faults in the terminal Late Miocene, the argillite sequence occurring initially at depths of at least 400–500 m was locally exhumed to the basin bottom. 相似文献
11.
侏罗纪时东南亚大陆上形成两个大盆地,西为海相盆地,东为陆相红盆。白垩纪时大盆地闭合或解体。第三纪出现裂谷盆地,其发育受燕山期构造格局控制;拉张应力自南向北变弱,裂谷发育自南向北变晚。第四纪为上叠盆地阶段。滇西与泰国各时期盆地的对比研究有助于更好地认识其演化特征,恢复东南亚大陆侏罗纪以来不断碎裂、局部解体的历史。 相似文献
12.
侏罗纪时东南亚大陆上形成两个大盆地,西为海相盆地,东为陆相红盆。白垩纪时大盆地闭合或解体。第三纪出现裂谷盆地,其发育受燕山期构造格局控制;拉张应力自南向北变弱,裂谷发育自南向北变晚。第四纪为上叠盆地阶段。滇西与泰国各时期盆地的对比研究有助于更好地认识其演化特征,恢复东南亚大陆侏罗纪以来不断碎裂、局部解体的历史。 相似文献
13.
大歧口凹陷位于渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷中北部,是中新生代叠合盆地中新生界沉积最厚的凹陷。本文基于大量二维、三维地震剖面和钻井资料,从凹陷主控断裂活动性、沉积沉降中心分布和构造格架等方面,侧重对大歧口凹陷新生代构造演化过程和原型盆地类型进行研究。认为:1)大歧口凹陷构造单元有4级,凹陷具有"东西分带、南北分块"的平面构造格局和北断南超箕状断陷的剖面结构。2)凹陷内断裂有4级,主要断裂的规模、活动期次和断裂活动具有演化的阶段性和空间的迁移性,典型构造带活动性具有由北往南迁移的特点。3)新生代期间整个大歧口凹陷的沉积沉降中心均在东部海域的歧口主凹内,但整体具有往南迁移的趋势。4)凹陷经历了拓展裂谷、拉分断陷、箕状断陷和碟状坳陷4个构造演化阶段,断陷阶段在整个构造演化时期意义重大,且具有走滑拉分特点。故认为大歧口凹陷原型盆地是一种"板内拉分盆地"。 相似文献
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15.
祁连山中段门源盆地新构造运动的阶段划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
门源盆地是祁连山中段的山间盆地, 南北边缘均为断裂控制, 发育古近系白杨河组、第四纪冰碛物和冰水堆积物。地层变形、地貌发育和断裂活动分期的差异显示新生代以来门源盆地经历了4个构造运动阶段。新生代最早的构造运动开始于渐新世中期(约30MaB.P.), Ⅰ级夷平面解体, 盆地断陷形成并接收了白杨河组砂砾石沉积。第二阶段始于渐新世末期-中新世初(约23MaB.P.), 盆地结束了沉降过程, 白杨河组褶皱变形, 这一过程持续至中更新世初期。第三阶段始于中更新世中期(约460ka B.P.), 新的边界断裂形成, 盆地再次断陷, 堆积了厚度大于400m的冰碛或冰水堆积物, 边缘断裂强烈活动, 这一过程持续到晚更新世晚期(约30ka B.P.)。最新阶段始于30ka B.P., 盆地和两侧的山地整体抬升, 盆地面由此前的加积过程转变为侵蚀切割过程, 北缘断裂的活动由含走滑分量的逆冲性质转变为走滑性质, 但走滑速率明显降低。 相似文献
16.
Ömer Feyzi Gürer Ercan Sanğu Muzaffer Özburan Alper Gürbüz Nuran Sarica-Filoreau 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,102(8):2199-2221
Southwestern Turkey experienced a transition from crustal shortening to extension during Late Cenozoic, and evidence of this was recorded in four distinct basin types in the Mu?la–Gökova Gulf region. During the Oligocene–Early Miocene, the upper slices of the southerly moving Lycian Nappes turned into north-dipping normal faults due to the acceleration of gravity. The Kale–Tavas Basin developed as a piggyback basin along the fault plane on hanging wall blocks of these normal faults. During Middle Miocene, a shift had occurred from local extension to N–S compression/transpression, during which sediments in the Eskihisar–T?naz Basins were deposited in pull-apart regions of the Menderes Massif cover units, where nappe slices were already eroded. During the Late Miocene–Pliocene, a hiatus occurred from previous compressional/transpressional tectonism along intermountain basins and Yata?an Basin fills were deposited on Menderes Massif, Lycian Nappes, and on top of Oligo–Miocene sediments. Plio-Quaternary marked the activation of N–S extension and the development of the E–W-trending Mu?la–Gökova Grabens, co-genetic equivalents of which are common throughout western Anatolia. Thus, the tectonic evolution of the western Anotolia during late Cenozoic was shifting from compressional to extensional with a relaxation period, suggesting a non-uniform evolution. 相似文献
17.
南海东北陆坡断裂发育,主要有北东、北西、近南北和近东西向的4组断裂,按性质分则有张性、压性和走滑等。主干基底断裂有F1、F2、F3、F4、F5、F6、F7、F8、F9、F10等,这些断裂规模较大并决定了珠江口盆地白云凹陷、尖峰北盆地、笔架盆地和台西南盆地发育和演化。受主干断裂的控制,尖峰北盆地经历了断陷、坳陷、区域沉降3期演化,发育两套构造层;而笔架盆地则经历了渐新世断陷、渐新世末—中中新世坳陷和晚中新世—全新世构造反转3期演化,发育两套构造层。 相似文献
18.
The NW–SE-striking Northeast German Basin (NEGB) forms part of the Southern Permian Basin and contains up to 8 km of Permian to Cenozoic deposits. During its polyphase evolution, mobilization of the Zechstein salt layer resulted in a complex structural configuration with thin-skinned deformation in the basin and thick-skinned deformation at the basin margins. We investigated the role of salt as a decoupling horizon between its substratum and its cover during the Mesozoic deformation by integration of 3D structural modelling, backstripping and seismic interpretation. Our results suggest that periods of Mesozoic salt movement correlate temporally with changes of the regional stress field structures. Post-depositional salt mobilisation was weakest in the area of highest initial salt thickness and thickest overburden. This also indicates that regional tectonics is responsible for the initiation of salt movements rather than stratigraphic density inversion.Salt movement mainly took place in post-Muschelkalk times. The onset of salt diapirism with the formation of N–S-oriented rim synclines in Late Triassic was synchronous with the development of the NNE–SSW-striking Rheinsberg Trough due to regional E–W extension. In the Middle and Late Jurassic, uplift affected the northern part of the basin and may have induced south-directed gravity gliding in the salt layer. In the southern part, deposition continued in the Early Cretaceous. However, rotation of salt rim synclines axes to NW–SE as well as accelerated rim syncline subsidence near the NW–SE-striking Gardelegen Fault at the southern basin margin indicates a change from E–W extension to a tectonic regime favoring the activation of NW–SE-oriented structural elements. During the Late Cretaceous–Earliest Cenozoic, diapirism was associated with regional N–S compression and progressed further north and west. The Mesozoic interval was folded with the formation of WNW-trending salt-cored anticlines parallel to inversion structures and to differentially uplifted blocks. Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic compression caused partial inversion of older rim synclines and reverse reactivation of some Late Triassic to Jurassic normal faults in the salt cover. Subsequent uplift and erosion affected the pre-Cenozoic layers in the entire basin. In the Cenozoic, a last phase of salt tectonic deformation was associated with regional subsidence of the basin. Diapirism of the maturest pre-Cenozoic salt structures continued with some Cenozoic rim synclines overstepping older structures. The difference between the structural wavelength of the tighter folded Mesozoic interval and the wider Cenozoic structures indicates different tectonic regimes in Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic.We suggest that horizontal strain propagation in the brittle salt cover was accommodated by viscous flow in the decoupling salt layer and thus salt motion passively balanced Late Triassic extension as well as parts of Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary compression. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(1-2):157-181
The Kutai Basin occupies an area of extensive accommodation generated by Tertiary extension of an economic basement of mixed continental/oceanic affinity. The underlying crust to the basin is proposed here to be Jurassic and Cretaceous in age and is composed of ophiolitic units overlain by a younger Cretaceous turbidite fan, sourced from Indochina. A near complete Tertiary sedimentary section from Eocene to Recent is present within the Kutai Basin; much of it is exposed at the surface as a result of the Miocene and younger tectonic processes. Integration of geological and geophysical surface and subsurface data-sets has resulted in re-interpretation of the original facies distributions, relationships and arrangement of Tertiary sediments in the Kutai Basin. Although much lithostratigraphic terminology exists for the area, existing formation names can be reconciled with a simple model explaining the progressive tectonic evolution of the basin and illustrating the resulting depositional environments and their arrangements within the basin. The basin was initiated in the Middle Eocene in conjunction with rifting and likely sea floor spreading in the Makassar Straits. This produced a series of discrete fault-bounded depocentres in some parts of the basin, followed by sag phase sedimentation in response to thermal relaxation. Discrete Eocene depocentres have highly variable sedimentary fills depending upon position with respect to sediment source and palaeo water depths and geometries of the half-graben. This contrasts strongly with the more regionally uniform sedimentary styles that followed in the latter part of the Eocene and the Oligocene. Tectonic uplift documented along the southern and northern basin margins and related subsidence of the Lower Kutai Basin occurred during the Late Oligocene. This subsidence is associated with significant volumes of high-level andesitic–dacitic intrusive and associated volcanic rocks. Volcanism and uplift of the basin margins resulted in the supply of considerable volumes of material eastwards. During the Miocene, basin fill continued, with an overall regressive style of sedimentation, interrupted by periods of tectonic inversion throughout the Miocene to Pliocene. 相似文献
20.
塔里木盆地西南新生代盆地演化特征 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
塔里木西南新生代盆地经历了由海相沉积体系向陆相沉积体系的转变，沉积中心由一个向两个转变，这是受印度板块向北与欧亚板块碰撞，帕米尔与西南天山之间“阿赖海峡”的控制，以及印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞，纯挤压作用力随帕米尔突刺的不断挤入，应力在突刺二侧转换为压扭性质，分别形成恰曼左行走滑断裂系统和费尔干纳－塔拉斯右行走滑断裂。碰撞引起的造山带向塔里木板块上的大规模逆冲推覆不早于渐新世。帕米尔－西昆仑山前的逆冲冲断带具有两端逆冲（乌帕尔－齐姆根走滑逆冲构造带）中部兼具走滑特征，喜马拉雅晚期（中新世末期），在塔西南前陆盆地内形成喀什坳陷、齐姆根凸起、叶城坳陷的初步雏形，这样的构造格局一直持续到现在。渐新世形成的底壁盐丘沟造可用来确定表堪稿原北缘西昆仑地区最初隆升的时间，即不早于渐新世。 相似文献