共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
研究了ZH型重金属螯合纤维对水溶液中Sr~(2+)的吸附行为,考察了pH值、纤维加入量、Sr~(2+)初始浓度、作用时间等对吸附行为的影响,并采用SEM、EDS和FTIR等现代分析测试手段探讨了ZH型重金属螯合纤维对Sr~(2+)的吸附机制。结果表明,在pH值为7.0、纤维加入量为2.0 g/L、Sr~(2+)初始质量浓度为50 mg/L的条件下,纤维对Sr~(2+)的吸附在4 h左右基本达到平衡。实验条件下ZH型重金属螯合纤维对Sr~(2+)的最大吸附量可达26.22 mg/g。等温吸附拟合结果表明,ZH型重金属螯合纤维对Sr~(2+)的吸附可能是以单分子层为主的单分子层和多分子层吸附共同作用的结果。纤维对Sr~(2+)的动力学吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。红外光谱分析表明Sr~(2+)与纤维上—NH_2和—COOH等基团进行配位络合从而吸附在纤维表面,—CH_2—和C=CH_2等基团参与此吸附过程。能谱分析表明Sr~(2+)与纤维上Na~+和Ca~(2+)还存在着离子交换作用。 相似文献
2.
磁铁矿是一种绿色廉价的矿物材料,对水体中重金属离子具有良好的吸附性,但吸附容量低,选择性差,易团聚,通过改性可以克服该缺点并提高其吸附性能。本文以腐植酸为改性剂,采用常温水相反应制备了腐植酸改性磁铁矿吸附材料。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征研究其表面形貌和微观结构。采用静态平衡实验考察了pH、吸附时间等因素对铅、镉吸附性能的影响,探讨了吸附动力学规律,拟合了吸附等温线。结果表明:腐植酸上的羧基、羟基被成功地接枝到了磁铁矿表面。在室温下,溶液初始pH对Pb~(2+)的吸附率几乎无影响,对Cd~(2+)的影响较大,当pH=7时,Pb~(2+)和Cd~(2+)吸附率均达到了95%。对初始质量浓度为10mg/L的Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)最佳吸附平衡时间为360min,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。吸附等温线实验得到的竞争吸附顺序为Pb~(2+)Cd~(2+),由Langmuir等温吸附模型得到Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)饱和吸附容量分别为39.27mg/g、28.95mg/g,显著大于磁铁矿的饱和吸附容量,表明磁铁矿经腐植酸改性后增强了对水中铅镉的吸附能力。 相似文献
3.
通过改变固液比、摇床转速、珊瑚砂粒径、温度、溶液pH值及溶液含盐量等参数,对珊瑚砂在水溶液中溶出Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)进行了实验,以探讨溶出过程中的动力学规律和影响因素。实验结果表明,珊瑚砂中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)溶出量随反应时间逐渐增大;摇床转速越快、固液比越大、温度越高、溶液pH值越低,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)溶出量越大;当珊瑚砂粒径为2.36~4.75 mm、溶液含盐量为100 mg/L时,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)溶出量最大。统计分析表明,摇床转速、温度及溶液p H值均对珊瑚砂溶出有显著影响,但溶液p H值影响最大。珊瑚砂在水中的溶出过程符合收缩核内扩散模型,表明控制整个溶出过程反应速率的决定因素是内扩散速率;在15~40℃时,珊瑚砂在纯水中溶出Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)的活化能分别为78.07和74.91 k J/mol。 相似文献
4.
四川盆地大气层具有湿度高和流通性弱的特征,冬春低温季节易形成雾霾。本文着重构建了低温高湿条件下的石英、方解石纳米颗粒与甲苯、Cr~(3+)共存体系,系统测试了石英、方解石颗粒与甲苯、Cr~(3+)耦合前后Zeta电位值、胶体粒径及团聚形态、亲疏水性的变化趋势,以模拟研究四川盆地低温高湿静稳大气环境中矿物颗粒、有机物、重金属离子之间的耦合作用规律。研究发现:甲苯、Cr~(3+)与石英、方解石之间存在显著的成键耦合作用,甲苯、Cr~(3+)存在时会大幅度降低高湿度环境中石英、方解石颗粒的Zeta电位值,增大两种矿物颗粒在低温条件下的活跃度; Cr~(3+)可通过静电作用力,促使石英、方解石颗粒在高湿度环境中形成粒径更大的团聚状胶体;甲苯吸附在石英和方解石颗粒表面会增强其疏水性,减弱高湿度水分对矿物胶体稳定性的侵扰。上述有关石英/方解石颗粒、甲苯、Cr~(3+)在低温高湿条件下的界面成键耦合作用规律发现,对理解四川盆地雾霾形成机制有积极的启发意义。 相似文献
5.
Cu2+和Cd2+在蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体上的吸附及其竞争 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤和水体中的腐殖酸常常与粘土矿物紧密结合成为特殊的复合体.这种粘土矿物-腐殖酸复合体对重金属的吸附作用既有别于粘土矿物,更有别于腐殖酸.以蒙脱石和胡敏酸分别作为粘土矿物和腐殖酸的代表,通过一系列实验研究了Cu2+、Cd2+在单一体系和共存体系条件下在蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体上的吸附作用,同时探讨了二者的竞争特点.实验结果表明,在单一体系条件下,蒙脱石-胡敏酸复合体对Cu2+的吸附量始终明显大于Cd2+,且二者的吸附量均随其初始浓度的增大而呈线性增大;而在Cu2+和Cd2+共存体系条件下,Cu2+的吸附量始终略大于Cd2+的吸附量,即复合体对Cu2+的吸附有较好的选择性.在吸附过程中,复合体中的蒙脱石与Cd2+和Cu2+的阳离子交换作用处于主导地位.无论是在单一体系还是在共存体系中,Cd2+优先替换电价相同而半径略大的Ca2+,而Cu2+则优先替换半径相近、电价低的Na+.因此,Cd2+的存在使Cu2+在复合体上的吸附量明显地减小,而Cu2+的存在对Cd2+的吸附几乎没有影响.这些实验结果将有助于深入探讨重金属离子在土壤、水体等环境中的迁移-固定行为. 相似文献
6.
土壤微生物与矿物的吸附作用在矿物风化过程中具有重要的意义。为了优化细菌在矿物表面吸附量的测定方法,本文以胶质芽孢杆菌和蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石为实验材料,对吸附在矿物表面的细菌数量的测定方法进行了研究。结果表明,利用茚三酮作为显色剂测定细菌蛋白质含量的方法可以获得可靠的细菌数量;以2000rpm转数离心10min可以有效地将矿物-细菌复合体与游离态细菌、矿物分开;3种矿物对胶质芽孢杆菌的吸附能力大小顺序为:蒙脱石伊利石高岭石;矿物的比表面积、沉淀速率和表面所带电荷数量以及细菌细胞活性是影响吸附量的主要因素;黏土矿物与细菌之间的吸附作用力主要来自阳离子桥。 相似文献
7.
为探讨不同碳氮源对培养基中铀酰离子的络合形态及荧光假单胞菌对铀吸附和还原作用的影响,本文以查氏培养基为基础,将蔗糖替换为葡萄糖或将硝酸钠替代为氯化铵,采用Visual MINTEQ分析研究铀酰离子络合形态。研究结果表明,碳氮源的种类对微生物生长无影响。U(Ⅵ)浓度为10 mg/L时,3种培养基中铀酰离子的主要络合形态均为UO2PO-4。U(Ⅵ)浓度为50~200 mg/L,查氏和葡萄糖碳源培养基中铀酰离子主要络合形态均为UO2(SO4)2-2。氯化铵氮源培养基中,U(Ⅵ)浓度为50 mg/L时铀酰离子的主要络合形态为UO2HPO4(aq),浓度为100~200 mg/L时主要是UO2Cl2(aq)。荧光假单胞菌对U(Ⅵ)耐受浓度高达100 mg/L,当U(Ⅵ)浓度达到200 mg/L时,菌体失活。荧光假单胞菌为活体时,对U(Ⅵ)的吸附率为84.02%~92.59%,还原率为3.32%~10.94%,不同碳氮源对铀吸附和还原的影响较小。荧光假单胞菌为死体时,对铀的吸附率为24.33%~39.05%;非葡萄糖碳源培养基中,对铀的还原率为37.50%~44.58%,含还原性葡萄糖的培养基条件下U(Ⅵ)的还原率为53.12%。还原性葡萄糖与荧光假单胞菌对铀的还原为协同作用。荧光假单胞菌为活体时,培养基成分被微生物充分利用,两者协同作用不明显。 相似文献
8.
系统考查了Fe(Ⅱ)分别与高岭石、蒙脱石结合的界面结合系统对邻硝基苯酚(简称2-NP)的还原转化作用。研究表明,矿物表面结合态Fe(Ⅱ)能够有效提高2-NP的还原转化速率,2-NP的还原反应符合伪一级反应动力学方程,而且速率常数(k)随溶液p H值、亚铁离子初始浓度以及反应温度的升高而显著增大。当温度25℃,p H值6. 7,Fe(Ⅱ)和2-NP初始浓度分别为3. 0 mmol/L、0. 022 mmol/L,以及黏土的投加量为4. 0 g/L时,Fe(Ⅱ)/高岭石系统对2-NP的还原转化率在4. 0 h内可达到100%。同样,p H值从6. 0升高至7. 3时,Fe(Ⅱ)/蒙脱石系统对2-NP的还原转化也显著增强;但在较低p H值和较低初始Fe(Ⅱ)浓度时,蒙脱石对Fe(Ⅱ)的还原催化性能不如高岭石,可归因于蒙脱石具有较高的离子交换性能。因此,Fe(Ⅱ)在上述两种矿物上吸附形态的差异是导致该系统对2-NP还原转化出现不同效应的根本原因。 相似文献
9.
以齐齐哈尔碾子山麦饭石为研究对象,通过比表面积及孔隙分析、阳离子交换容量(CEC)测试以及p H值缓冲能力测试等,对碾子山区麦饭石的结构和性能进行表征,并进一步研究麦饭石对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)的吸附行为。结果显示:碾子山区麦饭石具有海绵体大孔结构,阳离子交换容量(CEC)13~20 mmol/100 g。碾子山麦饭石对酸碱溶液都具有较好的调节能力,尤其对酸液的调节更高效。重金属吸附性能方面,对Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)这3种离子吸附关系为:Pb~(2+)Cr~(3+)Cd~(2+)。 相似文献
10.
高岭石和蒙脱石分别是暖湿和冷干气候带内典型土壤的代表性矿物,对二者吸附胡敏酸特点的对比研究可以为探索不同地带土壤中重金属的环境行为提供重要的依据。笔者通过一系列实验研究了pH值、离子强度和胡敏酸初始浓度对胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上吸附量的影响,重点剖析了引起高岭石和蒙脱石在吸附胡敏酸方面表现出的共性和差异的原因。研究结果表明:1)在pH=5条件下,胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着胡敏酸初始浓度和离子强度的升高而逐渐增加;2)胡敏酸在高岭石和蒙脱石上的吸附量均随着pH值的升高而降低;3)pH<6时,高岭石吸附的胡敏酸量多于蒙脱石,pH>6时则相反。这是由高岭石和蒙脱石在不同pH条件下吸附胡敏酸的机制不同造成的。在pH<6时,高岭石与胡敏酸之间的静电引力起主导作用,其次是配位交换作用和氢键作用。此时,蒙脱石以氢键作用为主要吸附机制。在pH>6时,高岭石和蒙脱石的主要吸附机制分别是疏水性作用和阳离子键桥。 相似文献
11.
Removal of Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from aqueous solutions by sorption on a natural phosphate rock （FAP） was investigated. The effects of the contact time and initial metal concentration were examined in the batch method. The percentage sorption of heavy metals from solution ranges generally between 50% and 99%. The amount of sorbed metal ions follows the order Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Zn. Heavy metal immobilization was attributed to both surface complexation of metal ions on the surface of FAP grains and partial dissolution and precipitation of a heavy metal-containing phosphate. The very low desorption ratio of heavy metals further supports the effectiveness of FAP as an alternative and low-cost material to remove toxic Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from polluted waters. 相似文献
12.
Ali Gürel 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):333-340
Various soil zones such as Bw, C1, and C3 are developed on spilite. Montmorillonite, vermiculite and chlorite is moderately occurred in the C1 and C3 soil zones, in contrast montmorillonite and vermiculite are absent in Bw soils whereas illite and sesquioxide are relatively increased. The high cation exchange capacity (CEC) of montmorillonite and vermiculte and moderate CEC of chlorite and illite resulted in the high adsorption of heavy metals. The adsorption of the heavy metals on spilite soil zones was studied at different concentrations and pH levels. Heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and copper were selected for adsorption studies considering their contribution as toxic metals in the environment. The initial solute concentrations ranged from 7.0 × 10−3 to 1.0 × 102 mg/L. The sorption behavior of Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ on soil zones of spilite was investigated using the batch equilibrium technique at 25°C. The characteristics of the adsorption process were investigated using Scatchard plot analysis (q/C vs. q) by the batch equilibrium technique at 25°C. In the adsorption of heavy metals, deviation from linearity in the plot of q/C versus q was observed, indicating the presence of multi-model interaction and non-Langmuirean behavior. When the Scatchard plot showed a deviation from linearity, greater emphasis was placed on the analysis of the adsorption data in terms of the Freundlich model, in order to construct the adsorption isotherms of the metal(s) at particular concentration(s) in solutions. The adsorption behavior of these metal ions on spilite soil zones is expressed by the Freundlich isotherms. Adsorption constants and correlation coefficients for the Cd, Pb, and Cu on spilite soil zones were calculated from Freundlich plots. 相似文献
13.
Woo-seok Shin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(22):782
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the absorption efficacy of H. fusiformis biochar (HFB) for the removal of phenol and heavy metals from single and mixed solute systems of these species under different experimental conditions. The effects of contact time, pH change, initial phenol concentration, and heavy metal concentration on the adsorption capacity of HFB were investigated. The kinetics and equilibrium models of sorption of the components of the single and mixed solute systems on HFB were also studied. The experimental data were fitted to kinetic and equilibrium models. The batch experiments revealed that 360 min of contact time was sufficient to achieve equilibrium for the adsorption of both phenol and heavy metals. The adsorption of phenol and nickel by HFB followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which was quite adequate for describing the adsorption mechanism. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of phenol and heavy metals fit well to the Langmuir model with regression coefficients of R 2 > 0.819. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities were 10.39, 12.13, 22.25, 2.24, 2.89, and 22.03 mg/g for phenol, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, respectively. Moreover, HFB exhibited optimal sorption under slightly acidic conditions at pH 6. The HFB used in the present study exhibited higher adsorption capacity for the removal of phenol and heavy metals from aqueous solutions compared to documented sorbents. These results demonstrate that HFB is potentially useful for alleviating the harmful effects of phenol and heavy metal in wastewater treatment systems. 相似文献
14.
Readily dispersible clay is the part of the clay fraction in soils that potentially disperses in water when a small amount of mechanical energy is applied to soil. Column and batch experiments were conducted to identify the effect of readily dispersible clay on the mobility of some metal ions in a disturbed soil sample. The clay fraction (<0.002 mm) was separated from an alkaline Vertisol from the Nile River Delta. X-ray diffraction technique was used to identify minerals present in the clay fraction. Clay suspensions and deionized H2O solutions of Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ were prepared and used as influents in soil columns. Adsorption capability of the studied soil among the three metal ions was investigated. The results showed high adsorption capacity of Cd2+, Cu2+, but not Zn2+ for the studied soil. Cu2+ was the highest adsorbed metal by soil and its sorption increased at small equilibrium concentrations compared with Cd2+ and Zn2+. For the three studied metal ions, Langmuir model represented the best fit to the adsorption data. The concentration of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in leachates increased as the leaching solution volume increased, while Cu2+ showed a homogeneous distribution throughout the soil column. According to DTPA extractable metals, Zn2+ was appeared at greater depths than Cd2+, while Cu2+ had homogeneous distribution through the soil column. 相似文献
15.
The interaction between minerals and heavy metals has been a hot object of study in environmental science,mineralogy and soil science,Through the selective adsorption experiment of Ca-montomorillonite,illite and kaolinite to Cu2 ,Pb^2 ,Zn^2 ,Cd^2 ,and Cr^3 ions at certain conditions,it could be concluded that Cr^3 is most effectively sorbed by all the three minerals.Also,it can be found that Pb^2 shows a strong affinity for illite and kaolinite while cu^2 for montmorillonite .Based on the adsorption experiment at varying pH of solution,it can be found that the amount of heavy etals sorbed by minerals increases with increasing pH of the solution. 相似文献
16.
Z. Chen Z. Li G. Chen J. Zhu Q. Liu T. Feng 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(8):1635-1642
Novel bionanocomposites, S. cerevisiae–AgNPs, were synthesized by in situ formation of AgNPs on S. cerevisiae surface using fulvic acids as reductants under simulated sunlight. S. cerevisiae–AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These analyses showed that AgNPs were distributed on the surface of S. cerevisiae. The application of S. cerevisiae–AgNPs in bacteria killing and heavy metal removal was studied. S. cerevisiae–AgNPs effectively inhibited the growth of E. coli with increasing concentrations of S. cerevisiae–AgNPs. E. coli was killed completely at high concentration S. cerevisiae–AgNPs (e.g., 100 or 200 µg mL?1). S. cerevisiae–AgNPs as excellent heavy metal absorbents also have been studied. Using Cd2+ as model heavy metal, batch experiments confirmed that the adsorption behavior fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherms and the Cd2+ adsorption capacity of S. cerevisiae–AgNPs was 15.01 mg g?1. According to adsorption data, the kinetics of Cd2+ uptake by S. cerevisiae–AgNPs followed pseudo second-order kinetic model. Moreover, S. cerevisiae–AgNPs possessed ability of different heavy metals’ removal (e.g., Cr5+, As5+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Ni2+). The simulated contaminated water containing E. coli, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was treated using S. cerevisiae–AgNPs. The results indicated that the bionanocomposites can be used to develop antibacterial agents and bioremediation agents for water treatment. 相似文献
17.
Heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+) were biosorbed by brown seaweed (Hizikia fusiformis), which was collected from Jeju Island of South Korea. The metal adsorption capacity of H. fusiformis improved significantly by washing with water or by base or acid treatments. The maximum sorption by NaOH-pretreated biomass was observed near a slightly acidic pH (pH 4?6) for Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. This result suggests that the treatment of H. fusiformis biomass with NaOH helped increase the functional forms of carboxylate ester units. Kinetic data showed that the biosorption occurred rapidly during the first 60 min, and most of the heavy metals were bound to the seaweed within 180 min. The maximum metal adsorption capacities assumed by a Langmuir model were on the order of Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Zn2+. Equilibrium adsorption data for the heavy metal ions could fit well in the Langmuir model with regression coefficients R 2 > 0.97. 相似文献
18.
E. I. Unuabonah B. I. Olu-Owolabi K. O. Adebowale 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2016,13(4):1043-1054
A binary mixture of humic acid and geothite was prepared and used to modify kaolinite to produce geothite–humic acid (GHA)-modified kaolinite adsorbent useful for the adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+ from Single and Quinary (5) metal ion systems. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area of GHA-modified kaolinite clay adsorbent were found to be 40 meq/100 g and 13 m2/g, respectively, with the CEC being five times that of raw kaolinite clay (7.81 meq/100 g). The Langmuir–Freundlich equilibrium isotherm model gave better fit to experimental data as compared with other isotherm models. In Quinary metal ion system, the presence of Zn2+ and Cu2+ appears to have an antagonistic effect on the adsorption of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+, while the presence of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ shows a synergistic effect on the adsorption of Zn2+ and Cu2+. The GHA-modified kaolinite showed strong preference for the adsorption of Pb2+ in both metal ion systems. Brouers–Weron–Sotolongo (BWS) kinetic model gave better fit to kinetic data compared with other kinetic models used. Data from BWS kinetic model indicate that adsorption of metal ions onto GHA-modified adsorbent in both metal ion systems followed strictly, diffusion-controlled mechanism with adsorption reaction proceeding to 50 % equilibrium in <2 min in the Single metal ion system and <1 min in the Quinary metal ion system. Adsorption of metal ions onto GHA-modified kaolinite is fairly spontaneous and endothermic in nature in both metal ion systems although the rate of metal ion uptake and spontaneity of reaction are reduced in the Quinary metal ion system. 相似文献
19.
Effects of heavy metals on the performance of anaerobic sulfidogenic reactor using rape straw as carbon source 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Jin Wang Shao-Jie Li Tian-Hu Chen Hong Zhang Nan Zhang Zheng-Bo Yue 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(7):2161-2167
Effects of Zn2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ in the synthetic acid mine drainage on the performance of the anaerobic sulfidogenic reactor using rape straw as carbon source were explored. Two different cases were respectively observed for the different metal dosages: stimulatory at lower concentrations and toxic/inhibitory at higher concentrations. Cellulose and hemicellulose were the major components hydrolyzed in the rape straw. Analysis of the heavy metals distribution in the anaerobic digested solid residue showed that adsorption and precipitation were the major mechanisms for the removal of heavy metals. This was also confirmed by the results of scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry analysis. 相似文献