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1.
阿尔泰造山带喀纳斯地区出露一套钾质富镁英安岩,锆石U Pb定年显示其形成于早泥盆世（411±4 Ma）。该套英安岩富SiO2（6471～6777 wt％）,MgO（328～353 wt％）和K2O（212～275 wt％）,贫Na2O（170～185 wt％）,K2O/Na2O比值介于（120～153）,具较高的Al2O3（1412～1533 wt％）和较低的CaO（112～128 wt％）,ASI指数>18,显示过铝质钙碱性岩浆系列特征,明显不同于初始的高镁安山质岩浆。样品具有中等的Cr（134×10-6～153×10-6）、Co（1747×10-6～1865×10-6）、Ni（71.64×10-6～80.76×10-6）含量,富集大离子亲石元素Rb、K和高场强元素U、Th、Pb及LREE,发育Sr、Ba及“TNT”（Ta、Nb、Ti）负异常,显示俯冲带岩浆岩地球化学特征。其高的Mg#（5171～5247）和低的εNd(t)值（-46～-42）说明该套火山岩可能来自遭受强烈交代作用的地幔楔部分熔融。样品具有较高的Ba/La、Pb/La比值和较低的Th/Yb、Nb/Y比值,显示地幔交代作用以俯冲沉积物熔体的交代作用为主。以上地球化学特征说明,喀纳斯钾质富镁英安岩可能主要是受俯冲沉积物熔体交代的上覆地幔橄榄岩部分熔融的产物,阿尔泰泥盆纪处于俯冲作用相关的活动大陆边缘构造环境。此外,该套火山岩的形成时代制约了其下覆的哈巴河群沉积上限,显示哈巴河群沉积于早泥盆世之前。 相似文献
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在东昆仑山脉西段祁漫塔格山中东部的尕林格南地区发育一套火山岩,调查显示火山活动爆发相→溢流相相间的韵律周期较明显,见由玄武质含火山角砾凝灰岩→玄武岩、玄武质凝灰岩→安山岩、安山质角砾凝灰岩→安山岩,以及安山质含火山角砾凝灰岩和安山岩质凝灰岩→玄武岩组成的4个韵律。根据研究区安山质火山角砾凝灰岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄222.2±2.1Ma,将该火山岩地层由前人划分的顶志留统—下泥盆统契盖苏组火山岩段重新厘定为上三叠统鄂拉山组。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,该套火山岩属于亚碱性钙碱性系列岩石,具有富钾、同源岩浆演化的特点,并具弧火山岩和碰撞火山岩的地球化学特征,为陆内造山作用下的产物,较好地记录了东昆仑祁漫塔格造山带在晚三叠世岩浆演化的地质信息。 相似文献
3.
安山岩与俯冲构造环境密切相关,对安山岩的研究可以获得俯冲作用发生时代及相关俯冲过程的重要信息.报道了大兴安岭北段、额尔古纳地块之上凤水山地区早-中三叠世安山岩的岩石学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄以及全岩地球化学数据,以揭示该地区蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板片南向俯冲作用的初始过程.凤水山地区安山岩的锆石多数呈自形-半自形短柱状、粒状,具有典型的震荡生长环带和高Th/U（0.23~1.34）比值,暗示其为岩浆成因锆石.锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年结果显示其分别形成于251±2 Ma和243±2 Ma,分属早三叠世和中三叠世,表明凤水山地区存在早中生代安山岩.这些早中生代安山岩的SiO2含量介于53.52%~60.38%,Al2O3含量介于16.17%~17.41%,Fe2O3T含量为5.55%~8.93%,MgO含量介于1.96%~5.97%,TiO2含量介于0.97%~1.67%,全碱（K2O+Na2O）含量为5.60%~8.05%,Na2O/K2O比值为1.23~2.51,铝饱和指数A/CNK介于0.86~0.97,具有较高的Mg#值（47~75）,为钙碱性系列岩石.岩石样品富集Rb、Ba、U、K、Pb等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素和重稀土元素,具有微弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0.74~0.99）,与俯冲带大陆边缘弧岩浆岩地球化学特征类似.凤水山地区早中生代安山岩岩浆可能起源于幔源玄武质岩浆与壳源硅质熔体的混合作用,而幔源玄武质岩浆起源于俯冲板片沉积物或沉积物熔体改造的富集地幔,可能与前人提出的MASH（melting,assimilation,storage and homogenization）过程一致.因此,研究区三叠纪安山岩形成于蒙古-鄂霍茨克大洋板片南向俯冲相关的安第斯型活动大陆边缘环境. 相似文献
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为探究延边地区闹枝铜金矿区是否发育多期火山作用,笔者对矿区发育的火山岩开展详细的地质学、岩相学和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明:矿区出露的安山岩与英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩之间存在明显的沉积间断,即安山岩的形成时间应早于英安质凝灰岩。其中,安山岩的岩浆结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为(125.8±2.5) Ma,含有(179.9±4.6) Ma的捕获锆石;英安质角砾凝灰岩的形成年龄为(107.6±2) Ma,英安质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩的形成年龄为(107.5±1.5) Ma。地球化学特征表明两类火山岩均形成于活动大陆边缘板块俯冲环境下,由壳幔混合而成,分别对应于早白垩世屯田营组与金沟岭组。屯田营期岩浆与地壳物质的混染作用、火山喷发与次火山热液活动可能是导致闹枝中硫化型铜金矿床成矿的主要因素,金沟岭组的火山喷发与浅成作用是导致富金斑岩铜矿-浅成热液金矿床成矿的前提。 相似文献
6.
黑龙江省西北部漠河市西部地区新厘定出非正式填图单元——富源沟中-基性火山岩,其岩石组合为灰色、灰绿色玄武安山岩、辉石玄武岩、英安质火山碎屑岩等.获得安山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年的加权平均年龄为245±3 Ma,其最小的岩浆锆石206Pb/238U谐和年龄为201±2 Ma,另外获得火山口附近英安质火山角砾岩加权平均年龄为201±1 Ma,其形成时代应为晚三叠世.岩石地球化学特征显示,富源沟中-基性火山岩为一套钙碱性系列岩石,富集大离子亲石元素Ba、K、Sr等和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti、P等和重稀土元素,具有弧岩浆岩地球化学特征.该火山岩的厘定说明,大兴安岭北部地区存在晚三叠世中-基性火山岩浆活动事件.综合本区火山岩的特征并结合区域上研究成果,认为其形成与蒙古-鄂霍次克大洋板片南向俯冲作用相关. 相似文献
7.
藏北羌塘冈玛错地区望果山组火山岩地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
羌塘中部冈玛错地区厘定出一套早石炭世火山岩,该火山岩为一套酸性—基性岩(流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩、玄武安山岩、玄武岩等)夹火山碎屑岩的岩石组合。2件定年样品(英安岩和安山岩)的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为358.2Ma±1.2Ma和350.5Ma±1.4Ma,时代为早石炭世,代表了该火山岩的形成年龄。岩石地球化学特征显示,该火山岩的铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.62~1.08,平均值为0.81;里特曼指数δ为1.04~2.67,平均值为1.84;大离子亲石元素(LILE)Th、U、Pb明显富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,反应了偏铝质钙碱性岛弧火山岩的特征。由此说明,在早石炭世龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋已经进入俯冲消减阶段。 相似文献
8.
江山—绍兴断裂带内发育的新元古代岩浆岩,对理解江南造山带新元古代构造演化以及Rodinia超大陆聚合与裂解有重要意义。本文首次报道了浙西里垄正长岩的SIMS锆石U Pb年龄、全岩地球化学研究结果。里垄正长岩具有较高的SiO2（平均值为5965%）,低的镁铁质含量（FeOT和MgO平均值分别为406%和141%）;Na2O/K2O值介于327~534,平均为446;铝饱和指数(A/CNK)介于085~094,具有钙碱性准铝质I型花岗岩特征。正长岩富集K、Ba等大离子亲石元素,Th、Ce等高场强元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损Ta、Nb、Zr、Ti等高场强元素和重稀土元素,与安第斯型钙碱性系列岩石基本一致;样品具有轻微Eu负异常,δEu平均值为082,指示有少量斜长石的结晶分异。正长岩锆石U Pb定年结果为8407±24 Ma,属于新元古代中期岩浆活动的产物。基于本次研究结果,里垄正长岩可能形成于古洋壳向西北俯冲后在扬子地块产生的大陆弧后环境,岩浆源区为下地壳。结合区域构造演化资料,本文提出840 Ma左右扬子与华夏仍未最终碰撞,新元古代中期浙皖赣相邻区一直处于古华南洋板块持续向扬子东南缘俯冲消减的构造环境,该体系可能与Rodinia超大陆汇聚事件有关。 相似文献
9.
大兴安岭西缘内蒙古罕布庙地区玛尼吐组火山岩主要由安山岩和英安岩组成。通过LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年代学方法对玛尼吐组火山岩进行精确定年,获得安山岩结晶年龄为153. 4±0. 8Ma（MSWD=0. 29),英安岩结晶年龄为155. 6±0. 6Ma（MSWD=0. 12),表明这套火山岩的形成时代为晚侏罗世。罕布庙地区玛尼吐组火山岩具有富碱、过铝质的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列岩石。样品稀土元素总量介于122. 72×10-6~416. 68×10-6,不同类型岩石微量元素和稀土元素组成总体相似,轻重稀土元素分馏明显\[(La/Yb)N=10. 85~60. 04\],具弱负Eu异常（δEu=0. 71~0. 87),富集Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti、Y等高场强元素,具有陆缘弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征。新的年代学和岩石地球化学证据指示罕布庙地区玛尼吐组火山岩形成于古太平洋板块向欧亚大陆下俯冲的陆缘弧环境。 相似文献
10.
塔里木地块西北缘的阔什布拉克钾长花岗岩富碱（Na2O+K2O平均836％>8％）,富钾（K2O/Na2O=127～147）,准铝质（A/CNK=082～088）,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩。岩石的稀土含量较高（ΣREE=26390×10-6～44575×10-6）,富集Th、U、Ta、Nb、Hf和Y等高场强元素和大离子亲石元素Rb,具有强的负Eu异常（δEu=0003～0019）,富集高不相容元素（Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y=368×10-6～531×10-6>350×10-6),高Ga（Ga/Al×10〖CS％0,0,0,0〗〖CS〗000=417～472>26）,显示出A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。岩石Th/U比值（平均为386）、Nb/Ta比值（平均为1275）和Rb Th富集、Ti亏损指示其壳源成因。对花岗岩进行的LA ICP MS微区原位锆石 U Pb 定年结果表明,花岗岩的结晶侵位年龄为2754±28 Ma。综合西南天山与塔里木盆地早二叠世花岗质岩浆活动的特点,认为早二叠世西南天山的后碰撞岩浆活动不仅在西南天山内部引起了强烈的花岗质岩浆活动,而且对塔里木地块西北边缘的花岗质岩浆活动也有显著的影响。阔什布拉克A型花岗岩也说明西南天山地区的碰撞造山作用在2754±28 Ma之前已经趋于结束,以南天山洋盆为代表的古亚洲洋已基本结束了其演化历史。 相似文献
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M. Ksiazkiewicz 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1956,45(2):369-411
A review of recent progress in the geology of the Polish Carpathians is given. The problem of the basement and its Jurassic cover is discussed. The Cretaceous-Paleogene sequence is continuous and at the end of the Cretaceous facially differentiated. It had been preceded by the Jurassic sediments beginning with the Aalenian. The problem of the source areas of the Flysch sediments is discussed in connection with the direction of transport. Mobile borders of the geosyncline and some intrageosynclinal Cordilleras furnished most of the material. Six main tectonic units are distinguished and the influence of thick sandy complexes on the development of nappes and thrusts is demonstrated. A volcanic stage at the end of the Cretaceous is described and its relation to the cordillera stage of the geosyncline is discussed as well as the problem of orogenic stages. 相似文献
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Mineralogical and isotope-chemical characteristics of carbonate travertines of the Greater Caucasus are investigated. It is shown that concentrations of many chemical elements, which predominantly precipitate together with iron hydroxides, decrease along the strike of the travertine dome. At the same time, δ13C and 18O values in carbonates systematically increase due to kinetic effects of isotope fractionation. This leads to the formation of isotopically heavy calcite (δ13C up to 16.3‰) near the travertine dome base. Concentrations of other elements (Mg, Sr, Ba, Na, S, and Li), which form a isomorphic part of calcite crystal lattice, almost do not change along the strike of the dome. Comparison of concentrations of these elements in travertines and initial water solutions makes it possible to get ideas on trends of their redistribution in the carbonate-water system. Correlations found in this work define not only TDS content and concentration of some ions, but also REE spectra and formation temperatures of ancient fluid systems. 相似文献
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丁海军 《沉积与特提斯地质》2008,28(4):36-43
笔者采用野外观察和室内分析相结合的研究方法,分析了贺兰拗拉谷北段桌子山剖面奥陶纪地层的沉积相特征及沉积环境的垂向变化和横向迁移规律。以桌子山剖面奥陶系沉积相研究为基础,采用Fischer图解法,求取了其可容空间的变化曲线。在此基础上,结合沉积相模式,识别出了典型的碳酸盐等深流沉积,建立了贺兰拗拉谷北段奥陶系层序地层学模式,为拗拉谷的存在提供了有力的证据。各层序的水进体系域,应列为该区油气勘探的重要目标层段。 相似文献
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B.C Papazachos 《Tectonophysics》1976,33(1-2)
Data concerning the focal mechanism and the spatial distribution of earthquakes have been used to investigate the active tectonics of the northern Aegean and the surrounding area.A thrust region, which includes the northernmost part of the Aegean and at least part of the Marmara Sea, has been defined. An amphitheatrical Benioff zone dipping towards the thrust region from south, east and probably from west, at a mean angle of about 30°, has been detected.The thrust region is surrounded by a region of normal faulting. An eastward progression of the seismic activity in this normal faulting region between 1954 and 1971 has been observed.A correspondence between the earthquake occurrence in the thrust and normal faulting regions has also been observed. Each large shock produced by tensional mechanism in the region of normal faulting is preceded or followed by one or more shocks of compressional mechanism in the thrust region.The focal mechanism, the distribution of the earthquake foci with intermediate focal depth, as well as some magnetic and gravimetric observations can be interpreted by assuming that dense oceanic crust sinks in the northern part of this area and that the adjacent lithosphere moves by segmentation to fill the void with the consequence of producing tensile stresses associated with normal faulting. Such a mechanism of lithospheric interaction suggests that accretion probably takes place in this area. 相似文献
15.
通过对比浅部钻孔和深部地球物理资料,进一步研究了小秦岭北矿带尤其是其北麓覆盖地区深部地质特征,分析成矿演化过程,研究小秦岭深部成矿理论。结合变质核杂岩成矿理论,对小秦岭北矿带的拆离断层、后期改造断层、酸性岩体分布进行控制或物探推断,统计分析基岩面及主矿脉埋深数据规律,对酸性岩体的分布进行推断并解释了高温钼矿体的形成原因,对主矿脉深部延伸情况进行了预测。结果表明小秦岭北麓矿脉延展性好但断陷至较深位置（约2000 m以深）,据此建立了该地区地质找矿模型。现阶段小秦岭北矿带北麓开发难度大、形势不容乐观,提出了“地下小秦岭”的战略资源定位,可为小秦岭北矿带深部地质认识提供参考。 相似文献
16.
John N. Louie Weston Thelen Shane B. Smith James B. Scott Matthew Clark Satish Pullammanappallil 《Tectonophysics》2004,388(1-4):253
In May 2002, we collected a new crustal refraction profile from Battle Mountain, Nevada across western Nevada, the Reno area, Lake Tahoe, and the northern Sierra Nevada Mountains to Auburn, CA. Mine blasts and earthquakes were recorded by 199 Texan instruments extending across this more than 450-km-long transect. The use of large mine blasts and the ultra-portable Texan recorders kept the field costs of this profile to less than US$10,000. The seismic sources at the eastern end were mining blasts at Barrick's GoldStrike mine. The GoldStrike mine produced several ripple-fired blasts using 8000–44,000 kg of ANFO each, a daily occurrence. First arrivals from the larger GoldStrike blasts are obvious to distances of 300 km in the raw records. First arrivals from a quarry blast west of the survey near Watsonville, CA, located by the Northern California Seismic Network with a magnitude of 2.2, can be picked across the recording array to distances of 600 km. The Watsonville blast provides a western source, nearly reversing the GoldStrike blasts. A small earthquake near Bridgeport, CA. also produced pickable P-wave arrivals across the transect, providing fan-shot data. Arrivals from M5 events in the Mariana and Kuril Islands also appear in the records. This refraction survey observes an unexpectedly deep crustal root under the northern Sierra Nevada range, over 50 km in thickness and possibly centered west of the topographic crest. Pn delays of 4–6 s support this interpretation. At Battle Mountain, Nevada, we observe anomalously thin crust over a limited region perhaps only 150 km wide, with a Moho depth of 19–23 km. Pn crossover distances of less than 80 km support this anomaly, which is surrounded by observations of more normal, 30-km-thick crust. A 10-km-thick and high-velocity lower-crustal “pillow” is an alternative hypothesis, but unlikely due to the lack of volcanics west of Battle Mountain. Large mine and quarry blasts prove very effective crustal refraction sources when recorded with a dense receiver array, even over distances exceeding 600 km. New elastic synthetic seismogram modeling suggests that Pn can be strong as a first arrival, easing the modeling and interpretation of crustal refraction data. Fast eikonal computations of first-arrival time can match pickable Pn arrival times. 相似文献
17.
A. E. Zharov L. I. Mitrofanova V. P. Tuzov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2013,21(5):531-552
The analysis of diatom, palynofloral, and benthic foraminiferal assemblages made it possible to substantiate the age of Cenozoic sections recovered by wells on the northern and northeastern Sakhalin shelf. Biostratigraphic materials, lithological properties of stratigraphic units, and standard logs served as the basis for developing the first stratigraphic correlation scale of Cenozoic sequences on the Sakhalin shelf. 相似文献
18.
ALISTER C. SKINNER DIANE M. GREGORY 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》1983,12(2):145-152
Core recovered from IGS Borehole 78/9 is described and suhsamples have been examined for geotechnical properties, palaeomagnelic events and microfauna content. It was hoped that this approach would provide a Quaternary stratigraphy for the area by assuming that significant geological events correlate with simultaneous changes in the lithology, gcotechnical properties, geomagnetic polarity and climatic regime. The magnetic reversals observed were linked to the existing palaeomagnelic time scale and stratigraphic ages assigned to the various units obtained on a 'best fit' to this time scale. The stratigraphic succession and geological history deduced for the borehole are compatible with other borehole and vibrocore data available from the area. 相似文献
19.
Holocene fires in the northern Amazon basin 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The ubiquitous occurrence of charcoal in the forest soils of the Upper Rio Negro region of Colombia and Venezuela indicates the presence of frequent and widespread fires in the Amazon Basin, possibly associated with extremely dry periods or human disturbances. Charcoal ranged from 3.12 to 24.76 mg/cm3 in the upper 50 cm of soil and was more abundant in Oxisols and Ultisols than in other soil types. Charcoal dates range from 6260 yr B.P. to the present. Several dates coincide with dry phases recorded during the Holocene. Ceramic shards were found at several sites, and thermoluminescence analysis indicates that their ages range from 3750 to 460 yr B.P. The age of charcoal and shards confirms that this region has been subjected to fire and human disturbances during the past 6000 yr. 相似文献
20.