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1.
珲春盆地煤层气取得工业突破对我国低煤阶含煤盆地的煤层气勘探具有重要意义。通过对珲春盆地低煤阶煤层气成藏条件的深入剖析,探讨了低煤阶煤层气富集的主控因素及其成藏模式。结果表明,珲春盆地具有煤阶低、煤层多、煤层薄的特点,构造作用、沉积特征和岩浆岩侵入是其富集成藏的主控因素。盆地西部的褶皱和断层伴生带不仅为生物气创造有利环境,而且为煤层气二次成藏提供场所,形成"连续褶皱"富气模式;沼泽和天然堤微相的垂向叠置,使得作为煤层直接顶底板的泥岩和致密砂岩对煤层气起到更好的封闭作用;局部辉绿岩侵入体促使煤层再次生气,同时大大改善了煤岩的物性。因此,珲春盆地西部是煤层气高产富集区,具有巨大勘探开发潜力。 相似文献
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The Late Miocene Muaraenim Formation in southern Sumatra contains thick coal sequences, mostly of low rank ranging from lignite to sub-bituminous, and it is believed that these thick low rank coals are the most prospective for the production of coal seam gas (CSG), otherwise known as coalbed methane (CBM), in Indonesia.As part of a major CSG exploration project, gas exploration drilling operations are being undertaken in Rambutan Gasfields in the Muaraenim Formation to characterize the CSG potential of the coals. The first stage of the project, which is described here, was designed to examine the gas reservoir properties with a focus on coal gas storage capacity and compositional properties. Some five CSG exploration boreholes were drilled in the Rambutan Gasfield, south of Palembang. The exploration boreholes were drilled to depths of ~ 1000 m into the Muaraenim Formation. Five major coal seams were intersected by these holes between the depths of 450 and 1000 m. The petrography of coal samples collected from these seams showed that they are vitrinite rich, with vitrinite contents of more than 75% (on a mineral and moisture free basis). Gas contents of up to 5.8 m3/t were measured for the coal samples. The gas desorbed from coal samples contain mainly methane (CH4) ranging from 80 to 93% and carbon dioxide (CO2) ranging from 6 to 19%. The composition of the gas released into the production borehole/well is, however, much richer in CH4 with about 94 to 98% CH4 and less than 5% CO2.The initial results of drilling and reservoir characterization studies indicate suitable gas recovery parameters for three of the five coal seams with a total thickness of more than 30 m. 相似文献
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Thermally metamorphosed Tertiary age coals from Tanjung Enim in South Sumatra Basin have been investigated by means of petrographic, mineralogical and chemical analyses. These coals were influenced by heat from an andesitic igneous intrusion. The original coal outside the metamorphosed zone is characterized by high moisture content (4.13–11.25 wt.%) and volatile matter content (> 40 wt.%, daf), as well as less than 80 wt.% (daf) carbon and low vitrinite reflectance (VRmax = 0.52–0.76%). Those coals are of subbituminous and high volatile bituminous rank. In contrast the thermally metamorphosed coals are of medium-volatile bituminous to meta-anthracite rank and characterized by low moisture content (only < 3 wt.%) and volatile matter content (< 24 wt.%, daf), as well as high carbon content (> 80 wt.%, daf) and vitrinite reflectance (VRmax = 1.87–6.20%). All the studied coals have a low mineral matter content, except for those which are highly metamorphosed, due to the formation of new minerals.The coalification path of each maceral shows that vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite reflectance converge in a transition zone at VRmax of around 1.5%. Significant decrease of volatile matter occurs in the zone between 0.5% and 2.0% VRmax. A sharp bend occurs at VRmax between 2.0% and 2.5%. Above 2.5%, the volatile matter decreases only very slightly. Between VRr = 0.5% and 2.0%, the carbon content of the coals is ascending drastically. Above 2.5% VRr, the carbon content becomes relatively stable (around 95 wt.%, daf).Vitrinite is the most abundant maceral in low rank coal (69.6–86.2 vol.%). Liptinite and inertinite are minor constituents. In the high rank coal, the thermally altered vitrinite composes 82.4–93.8 vol.%. Mosaic structures can be recognized as groundmasss and crack fillings. The most common minerals found are carbonates, pyrite or marcasite and clay minerals. The latter consist of kaolinite in low rank coal and illite and rectorite in high rank coal. Change of functional groups with rank increase is reflected most of all by the increase of the ratio of aromatic C–H to aliphatic C–H absorbances based on FTIR analysis. The Oxygen Index values of all studied coals are low (OI < 5 mg CO2/g TOC) and the high rank coals have a lower Hydrogen Index (< 130 mg HC/g TOC) than the low rank coals (about 300 mg HC/g TOC). Tmax increases with maturity (420–440 °C for low rank coals and 475–551 °C for high rank coals).Based on the above data, it was calculated that the temperature of contact metamorphism reached 700–750 °C in the most metamorphosed coal. 相似文献
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Microfacies and depositional environment of Tertiary Tanjung Enim low rank coal, South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
The South Sumatra basin is among the most important coal producing basins in Indonesia. Results of an organic petrography study on coals from Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra Basin are reported. The studied low rank coals have a mean random huminite reflectance between 0.35% and 0.46% and are dominated by huminite (34.6–94.6 vol.%). Less abundant are liptinite (4.0–61.4 vol.%) and inertinite (0.2–43.9 vol.%). Minerals are found only in small amounts (0–2 vol.%); mostly as iron sulfide.Based on maceral assemblages, the coals can be grouped into five classes: (1) humotelinite-rich group, (2) humodetrinite-rich group, (3) humocollinite-rich group, (4) inertinite-rich group and (5) humodetrinite–liptinite-rich group. Comparing the distribution of maceral assemblages to the maceral or pre-maceral assemblages in modern tropical domed peat in Indonesia reveals many similarities. The basal section of the studied coal seams is represented typically by the humodetrinite–liptinite-rich group. This section might be derived from sapric or fine hemic peat often occurring at the base of modern peats. The middle section of the seams is characterized by humotelinite-rich and humocollinite-rich groups. The precursors of these groups were hemic and fine hemic peats. The top section of the coal seams is typically represented by the humodetrinite-rich or inertinite-rich group. These groups are the counterparts of fibric peat at the top of the modern peats. The sequence of maceral assemblages thus represents the change of topogenous to ombrogenous peat and the development of a raised peat bog.A comparison between the result of detailed maceral assemblage analysis and the paleodepositional environment as established from coal maceral ratio calculation indicates that the use of coal maceral ratio diagrams developed for other coal deposits fails to deduce paleo-peat development for these young tropical coals. In particular, mineral distribution and composition should not be neglected in coal facies interpretations. 相似文献
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Indonesia has abundant coal resources at depths suitable to contain substantial volumes of naturally occurring methane, which are currently being explored. Most Indonesian coals are thermally immature, but are composed of hydrogen-rich organic components that are presumed to make them excellent substrates for biogenic methane production. Gas isotope results from pilot wells in South Sumatra, reported in this study, are interpreted to indicate biogenic origins for the methane. Corresponding formation water samples were collected and incubated, and show the presence of indigenous microbial communities capable of producing methane from Indonesian and Australian coal. Although these results are only preliminary, they are promising and support the possibility of Indonesia developing bio renewable energy from coal seams. 相似文献
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This paper traces the history of mineral exploration in Indonesia between 1967 and 1992, and discusses various technical aspects, such as area selection, exploration and discovery methods, and significant geologic features of the more important new discoveries.Exploration activity over the past 25 years can be divided into four main phases. Phase 1 (1967–1976) mostly involved investigations of mineral prospects and districts previously identified by the Dutch. These investigations resulted in many discoveries, including: a major copper-gold district (skarn-porphyry copper) in Irian Jaya, where exploration is still in progress (resources identified to date: 28 Mt Cu and 2,700 t Au); large nickel resources in Eastern Indonesia (13 Mt Ni); significant onshore and offshore tin resources in the Sumateran tin belt (0.13 Mt Sn); and large but low grade bauxite deposits in West Kalimantan (300 Mt Al2O3). Of the eight Contracts of Work signed between 1967 and 1972, six reached the mining stage. Phase 2 (1970–1975) consisted of an extensive porphyry copper search in the Sunda arc, the western arc of Sulawesi and the central belt of Irian Jaya. Best results were obtained from northern Sulawesi, where follow-up between 1976 and 1982 identified three potentially economic copper-gold deposits (1.7 Mt Cu and 140 t Au) and one subeconomic molybdenum porphyry system (0.8 Mt Mo). During Phase 3 (1981–1988) extensive coal exploration in South and East Kalimantan delineated over 5,000 Mt of coal of varying rank and quality, including 1,500 Mt as measured reserves in 17 deposits, eight of which have been developed to date. Phase 4 (1984–1990) involved a major gold rush, focused primarily on the Cenozoic magmatic belts of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Moluccas and the Sunda arc. Over 80 primary and alluvial gold prospects were drill tested. Five of these were brought into production (two alluvial deposits, two new hard rock discoveries and one Dutch mine), containing approximately 135 tonnes of mineable gold, and several other projects are under development or undergoing feasibility studies. Total geological resources identified to date are estimated to contain about 700 tonnes of gold. Exploration during phase 4 also resulted in several gold-rich porphyry copper discoveries, including a major deposit in Sumbawa (2.7 Mt Cu and 250 t Au). Intermittent exploration for uranium, diamonds and lead/zinc since 1969 has been largely unsuccessful.Exploration is now passing to the next phase, which is likely to be multi-commodity in nature with a strong focus on gold, copper and coal. A number of deposits outlined during earlier phases will be developed.The unprecedented high level of mineral exploration activity over the past 25 years can be attributed to Indonesia's mineral prospectivity and favourable investment climate. Given a continued competitive commercial environment and sustained commodity prices, the next 25 years should see further strong development of the country's mineral resources. 相似文献
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低煤阶煤层气作为一种非常规天然气资源,具有良好的勘探开发前景。我国低煤阶煤层气资源丰富,进行低煤阶煤层气系统演化分析,对其富集成藏及开发具有重要的理论意义。鄂尔多斯盆地煤层甲烷的碳同位素δ13C1为–33.1‰~–80.0‰,氢同位素δCH4为–235‰~–268‰。该盆地侏罗系煤层气藏主要有次生生物气与热成因气构成的混合型煤层气藏和热成因气藏两种类型。据构造热事件、煤层气组分及成因,结合不同阶段的煤层埋深、变质程度和生气特征等,将鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化划分为4个阶段:煤系浅埋–原生生物气阶段﹑煤系深埋–热成因气阶段﹑煤系抬升–吸附气逃逸散失阶段﹑煤系局部沉降–次生生物气补充阶段。其中,煤系深埋–热成因气阶段和局部沉降–次生生物气阶段是低煤阶煤层气资源的主要形成阶段。次生生物气的补充是鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气成功开发的重要气源。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气藏应属于单斜式富气成藏模式。 相似文献
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为了评价鹤岗盆地煤层气的资源潜力,从煤层气的成藏条件出发,将鹤岗盆地相关的地质、地化参数与阜新盆地进行类比,采用模糊数学方法对两个盆地资源潜力进行评分,并计算出鹤岗盆地煤层气资源总量。结果表明,鹤岗盆地绝大部分地质、地化指标相似于甚至优于阜新盆地;鹤岗盆地煤炭资源丰富,煤阶以气煤-焦煤为主,煤层累计厚度平均64 m,为煤层气的大量生成提供了良好的物质基础。但是,由于岩浆和构造活动以及有效盖层的差异,使不同矿区含气量差别较大,整体表现为东北高、西南低的特征。尽管鹤岗盆地部分煤层含气量和渗透率偏低,但其煤层分布规模大,煤阶中等,其煤层气资源总量可达445.6×108 m3,通过合理开采,可具有较大的工业产能。 相似文献
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低变质煤的煤层气开发潜力——以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系为例 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系为例,分析了低变质煤的煤层气地质特征、保存条件、主要储层参数的分布特征以及煤层气资源状况。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤的变质程度低,煤层发育层数多、厚度大,水文地质条件有利,煤层气资源条件优越。与美国粉河盆地对比,鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气具有一定的开发潜力。中国低变质煤分布广泛,煤炭及煤层气资源量巨大,煤层气地质条件优越。但其勘探程度较低,应进一步加大勘探力度。 相似文献
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回顾了我国煤炭企业组织实施和合作开展的煤矿区煤层气勘探开发进程。经过三十多年攻坚克难、不懈努力,我国煤矿区煤层气地面开发技术研究、工程试验和产业发展均取得了可喜的成绩,不仅在山西晋城矿区首次取得国内外无烟煤的煤层气开发成功,实现了煤层气规模化商业化生产,而且在安徽淮北矿区取得了碎软低渗煤层顶板水平井开发煤层气技术的重大突破,实现了碎软低渗煤层的煤层气水平井单井的高产稳产;煤矿区采动区煤层气井开发在安徽淮北、淮南,山西晋城等矿区实现了规模化工程应用。同时,梳理总结了依托“十一五”—“十三五”国家科技重大专项项目,在煤矿区煤层气地面开发理论及技术研究方面取得的主要成果及其应用效果,包括:煤层气井密闭取心技术与设备、碎软低渗煤层地面煤层气垂直井强化增产技术、碎软低渗煤层顶板和煤层水平井分段压裂开发技术、多煤层分层控压合层排采技术、低煤阶低气含量煤层地面煤层气开发技术、煤层气井极小半径多孔旋转射流侧钻水平井技术,以及煤矿采动区煤层气产量预测技术等。在此基础上,根据全国煤矿区煤炭开采发展趋势和需求,提出今后煤矿区煤层气研究应重点关注3个方向:穿浅部采空区/采动区的深部煤层气与煤炭资源协调开发、低... 相似文献
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The Lamandau region of Kalimantan Island, Indonesia is located in Sandaland, in the southern part of the Kuching tectonic belt. A series of Cenozoic epithermal gold deposits and Fe–Cu–Au deposits are located in the Kuching belt. The Lamandau Fe–Cu–Au deposit is hosted by diorite porphyry. In-situ zircon U–Pb dating of the diorite porphyry shows that it formed between 82.1 ± 1.7 Ma and 78.7 ± 2.3 Ma. Geochemical data indicate a depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE) in the diorite porphyry and related basalt is similar to that of arc-related igneous rocks. The diorite porphyry and basalt were probably derived from typical arc magmas related to continental margin subduction and thus are characterized by light rare earth element (REE) enrichment and HFSE depletion. The sub-chondritic Nb/Ta ratios for the basalt in the Lamandau region indicate that the subducted Pacific slab began partial melting at depths where amphibole was the major residual phase, with some residual rutile. The basalt was derived from a depleted mantle source. The composition of apatite and zircon in the diorite porphyry indicates that the dioritic magma was produced from the subcontinental mantle after it was metasomatized by slab-derived fluids. The magma had a high oxygen fugacity, thus and therefore it was particularly conducive to the precipitation of Cu, Au and other ore-forming elements. The composition of magnetite indicates that it was of volcanic origin. The magnetite has a low REE content, and a high Cu–Au content. The deposit may be classified as an IOCG mineral system. In summary, the ore-related diorite porphyry in the Lamandau region might have formed in an extensional environment during rollback of the subducting western Pacific plate. The convergent velocity between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates was at a minimum during the rollback, so that the margin of East Asian began to undergo rifting with associated magmatism. 相似文献
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中外低煤阶盆地煤层气成藏及资源开发潜力对比分析——以中国吐哈盆地和保德河盆地为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从吐哈盆地和保德河盆地的沉积、地层、成煤、构造等背景出发,结合两盆地煤层气勘探所取得的煤储层资料,对比分析了低煤阶盆地煤层气成藏及资源开发潜力。分析表明,吐哈盆地和保德河盆地虽然分属于不同的大地构造单元,盆地演化不同,但其含煤性相似,特别是同属低变质的褐煤—亚烟煤类,含煤性较好,沉积、水文地质条件近似,因而盆地煤层气成藏具有一定的可比性。美国保德河等低变质煤盆地煤层气商业性开发成功的事实说明,对于低变质煤盆地,即使气含量较低,但只要成藏条件合适,其仍然具有煤层气资源开发潜力 相似文献
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为了建立巨厚低阶煤煤层气资源评价方法，以二连盆地巴彦花凹陷为研究对象，通过研究煤层气成因、煤层埋深、煤层厚度、煤储层物性、含气性、水文地质和盖层等，总结了巨厚低阶煤煤储层的关键成藏地质要素，并进一步建立了新的低阶煤煤层气资源潜力评价方法，圈定了巴彦花凹陷煤层气勘探开发有利区和目标区。结果表明:巴彦花凹陷主要含煤地层为下白垩统腾格尔组（K1t），以褐煤和长焰煤为主，显微组分以镜质组为主，煤层气的形成是生物成因为主、混合成因为辅的成烃模式，生物成因气占主导地位；研究区共发育3个煤组，煤储层厚度大，发育面积广，埋深适中，保存条件好，含气量较高，空气干燥基含气量最高可达4.45 m3/t，1、2煤组有利于形成煤层气藏，3煤组有利于形成煤系砂岩气藏。根据建立的资源潜力评价方法，煤层气勘探开发的最优目标区位于巴彦花凹陷北部。 相似文献
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煤层气保存条件是评价低煤阶煤层气成藏条件的重要方面之一。硫磺沟矿区及周边地区侏罗系西山窑组发育多层煤层,且煤层厚度大,煤变质程度低,受喜马拉雅运动等影响,地质条件复杂。从区域构造、煤层盖层两个方面对低煤阶煤层气的保存进行研究,认为构造对煤层气含量及分布影响较大,构造控气样式中在逆冲断层与向斜缓翼组合,越靠近向斜轴部其含气量越大,且越靠近断层附近,含气量随深度增大的增速越大;叠瓦式逆冲断层与其间的褶皱组合中,越靠近逆冲的前端,其含气量越大。通过统计分析煤层顶板岩性及厚度两个因素,得出14-15号煤层盖层封盖性能最好,其次为9-10号煤。 相似文献
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Taking insight into genetic mechanisms of coalbed methane (CBM) can provide an effective approach for evaluating the value of CBM resources. In this study, the geo-temperature and the thermal subsidence history were used to investigate the effect of the present geothermal field characteristic on the genetic mechanisms of CBM at the Huaibei Coalfield. The results showed that the Permian coal strata in the study areas had a relatively low geo-temperature (< 50°C), high vitrinite reflectance (Ro,max; 0.75%-1.2%) and a coal rank typical of intermediate-high metamorphic bituminous. Comprehensive analyses of the characteristics of the present geothermal field indicate that the CBM at the Huaibei Coalfield are dominated by secondary biogenic gases. Furthermore, the genetic mechanism towards CBM was further proposed based on the tectonic evolution history: (1) Tectonic thrusting contributed to Ro,max values ranging from 0.5% to 3.0%, with maximum geo-temperatures of 140–180°C, which resulted in the generation of thermogenic CBM. (2) An extensional regime contributed to gradual uplift of the Permian coal-bearing strata, with the gradual escape of CBM at burial depths greater than 700m. (3) A large number of faults and hydrodynamic environments greatly promoted the microbial degradation of the early thermogenic gases, resulting in generation of secondary biogenic gases. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,65(1-2):93-113
Alberta has vast coal resources that may be a potential source of coalbed methane (CBM). Exploration and research are currently underway in the province to quantify gas potential, identify key geological factors that maximize CBM potential, and identify the ‘most favourable’ areas for CBM production potential.There are four main coal zones within the Plains and Foothills of Alberta. The Ardley Coal Zone of the Plains is undergoing CBM exploration and production piloting. Much of this effort is within the west-central Pembina area. Horseshoe Canyon Formation coals of south-central Alberta were initially thought to have gas concentrations too low to be economic CBM producers. It is these coals, however, that host Alberta's first commercial CBM production project. Although similar in both geographic distribution and coal quality to Horseshoe Canyon coals, not much is known regarding the gas potential of underlying coals of the Belly River Group. The deeper Mannville coals have some of the highest gas concentrations of Alberta coals; however, they are also relatively deep and have lower permeability than the overlying Belly River, Horseshoe Canyon and Ardley coals.Maximum gas-in-place for the Plains and Foothills has been estimated to be greater than 500 trillion cubic feet (1.42 * 1013 m3). Although this number is very large, little is known as to how much of this huge resource is actually producible. A key challenge to producibility in Alberta has been the generally low permeability of coals with the highest gas concentrations (Mannville coals), and the moderate to low gas concentrations of higher permeability coals (Horseshoe Canyon and Ardley coals).Regionally, coal distribution and average gas-in-place concentrations are calculated for the Alberta Plains. Identifying and explaining local areas with favourable CBM production characteristics within the regional setting is necessary to establish economic CBM plays within Alberta. There are currently several pilots and numerous exploration efforts underway in the province to demonstrate production potential.This study integrates existing data with new data collected from key areas that show favourable CBM potential. There is great opportunity for CBM development in Alberta. Local areas have enhanced characteristics favourable to production. Ongoing geological investigations are needed to identify characteristics that will serve as an exploration tool for future CBM discoveries. 相似文献
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目前低阶煤煤层气勘探面临资源探明率低,单井产量低的问题,中、低阶煤煤层气勘探还处于摸索阶段。为提高低阶煤煤层气富集区预测精度,探索性应用“弹性模量参数反演技术”。应用韩城、晋城、保德、吉尔嘎朗图、沁水盆地、淮南、淮北等地56口井652个煤样实验室测试数据,进行高、中、低阶煤含气量与弹性参量关系对比分析,结果表明:不同煤阶的煤层含气量与弹性参量之间相关关系具有一致性,且密度对低阶煤含气量的变化较中、高阶煤更为敏感,认为低阶煤煤层气储层具有利用地球物理方法进行识别的基础。在此基础上,选取吉尔嘎朗图凹陷三维地震数据,应用叠前弹性模量参数反演方法,预测其白垩系下统赛罕塔拉组Ⅳ煤组煤层气富集区面积总计101 km2,为下一步开发提供了优质建产区;经验证,预测结果与含气量测试结果吻合率为83.3%。叠前弹性模量参数反演可应用于低阶煤煤层气富集区预测,研究结果对低阶煤煤层气勘探开发具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献