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1.
实验研究了不同的pH值、初始离子浓度、矿物用量、温度以及时间等因素对针铁矿和软锰矿吸附镉的影响。结果表明:在pH值从酸性到近中性的范围内,两种氧化矿物对镉的吸附量增加较快,然后在碱性条件下吸附量保持着最大值;反应前后两种氧化矿物溶液的pH值均有不同程度的变化,其中针铁矿和软锰矿的临界pH值分别为8和6.5;两种矿物对镉的吸附在6 h左右达到了吸附平衡,吸附等温线都较好地符合Freundlich等温方程式;随着两种氧化物用量的增加,其吸附量也有增加;室温下,针铁矿和软锰矿对镉的吸附效果较好。 相似文献
2.
土壤中铅铜锌镉的吸附特性 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以徐州王庄矿（WZK）、奎河（KH）、背景-1（BG-1）和背景-2（BG-2）等4个土壤样品为供试对象，加入不同浓度梯度的铅、铜、锌、镉离子，通过静态实验研究了铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附特性。结果表明，土壤对4个重金属的吸附量与加入到土壤中的重金属离子浓度呈正相关性，它们之间大部分满足线性相关关系。在4个土壤样品中加入铅、铜、锌、镉离子的初始浓度比为10：10：10：1时，平衡浓度为Czn〉Ccu〉CPh〉Ccd，吸附量为Scd〉SPh〉Scu〉Szn，4个土壤样品对铅、铜、锌、镉离子的吸附能力依次为WZK〉KH〉BG-2〉BG-1。在所选实验条件下，土壤对铅、铜、锌、镉的吸附能力受土壤中铅、铜、锌、镉的含量、土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量、土壤饱和含水量和土壤的pH值影响较大。 相似文献
3.
酸雨条件下成都平原黄壤镉的等温吸附模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用人工模拟酸雨方法,配制含主要阴、阳离子及一定范围pH值的母液,选取成都市近郊典型农业土壤黄壤,研究黄壤在自然条件下镉的静态吸附;探究黄壤对镉的吸附特征,确定酸雨中影响黄壤镉吸附行为的关键因素及影响程度,建立黄壤对镉的等温吸附曲线,讨论酸雨条件下影响黄壤镉分配系数的关键因素;采用Henry模型拟合等温吸附曲线。结果表明,在实验设定的浓度范围内,该模型相关系数均达显著,能较好地描述镉在黄壤中的吸附过程。 相似文献
4.
利用粉煤灰处理含铜废水的实验研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
研究了粉煤灰去除废水中铜离子的速率、粉煤灰投加量对粉煤灰去除废水中铜离子的影响和粉煤灰对质量浓度不同的含铜离子废水的去除效果,进一步探讨了粉煤灰去除铜离子的机理,实验结果显示粉煤灰在去除废水中铜离子的过程中反应3 h后就达到了平衡,粉煤灰对Cu2 的去除率随粉煤灰投加量的增加而增加,但是就充分利用吸附剂粉煤灰的角度而言,并非其投加量越多去除量越大,粉煤灰吸附废水中的铜离子更符合Langmuir模型,而不是Freundlich模型;粉煤灰去除废水中的Cu2 主要是静电吸附、阳离子交换吸附和表面络合吸附作用,但是,当用碱性粉煤灰处理质量浓度较低的含Cu2 废水时,生成Cu(OH)2的沉淀作用可能占主要的地位. 相似文献
5.
凹凸棒石铁/铝氢氧化物纳米复合材料对磷的吸附动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用铁/铝盐水解法制备了凹凸棒石/铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅠ)、凹凸棒石/铁氢氧化物(PNCMⅡ)和凹凸棒石/铁铝氢氧化物(PNCMⅢ)3种凹凸棒石纳米复合材料。对比了这3种纳米复合材料对水中磷的吸附净化能力,并利用吸附动力学实验探讨了3种材料对磷的吸附机理。结果发现:负载了铝/铁氢氧化物后凹凸棒石的晶体结构没有改变;温度对于3种吸附剂吸附磷的动力学参数影响不显著;3种吸附剂对磷的实际吸附量、理论吸附量和初始吸附速率均随着磷的初始浓度增大而增大。PNCMⅠ对磷的理论吸附量为18.18 mg/g,较其他2种吸附剂大。当磷的初始浓度从5 mg/L增加到50 mg/L,PNCM I对磷的初始吸附速率从0.125 mg/(g·min)增加到1.425 mg/(g·min)。3种凹凸棒石黏土纳米复合材料对磷的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,表明其吸附均为化学吸附。 相似文献
6.
阳离子交换系数及其在地下水Pb污染研究中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文首先计算了地下水中常见阳离子与被吸附Pb^2＋的交换系数，在此基础上利用实际地下水水质资料计算了天津市浅层地下水含水介质吸附最离子的当量分数，并利用吸附Pb^2 的当量分数估算了含水介质吸附Pb^2＋的量及地下咸水中Pb^2 的浓度的增大量。 相似文献
7.
通过动力学和等温吸附实验,研究了不同初始氨氮浓度下水溶铵、交换铵和固定铵在中砂上的吸附规律。结果表明,吸附平衡时各种形态铵含量随初始氨氮浓度增加而增大。3种形态铵吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程。吸附速率常数K大小顺序为：固定铵〉交换铵〉水溶铵,初始速率：固定铵〈交换铵〈水溶铵。随着初始氨氮浓度的增加,水溶铵占总铵的比重由40%上升到65%,其吸附的主要限制步骤为颗粒间扩散。交换铵对总铵的贡献率维持在25%左右,吸附饱和后有所降低,初始氨氮浓度为交换铵吸附的主要限制步骤。固定铵达到饱和时,吸附量只有26.18 mg/kg,对总铵的贡献率由33%下降到9%。 相似文献
8.
基于当前发生的抗生素污染环境严峻问题,本文开展高活性粘土矿物蒙脱石吸附水中盐酸四环素(TC)的实验研究。采用批处理吸附实验方法,着重考查溶液初始TC浓度、初始pH值、电解质的阳离子类型及其浓度等对蒙脱石吸附性能的影响。结果显示,蒙脱石对TC的吸附行为可用Freundlich吸附等温线进行描述,并表现出显著的非线性特征;Langmuir方程确定其最大吸附量为625 mg/g;在较强酸性介质条件下(pH=2～4)蒙脱石对TC的吸附能力最强,其次为弱酸性-弱碱性环境(pH=5～9);不同阳离子类型也能显著影响蒙脱石对TC的吸附,表现为阳离子价态越高,对TC吸附的影响程度越明显。蒙脱石可被认为是一种TC的高效吸附剂,应用于盐酸四环素污染废水的处理过程。 相似文献
9.
斜发沸石对钾离子的吸附/解吸动力学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以KCl为钾源、新疆某地所产斜发沸石为吸附剂,研究斜发沸石对K+的动力吸附与解吸效果,并探讨吸附时间、K+初始浓度与吸附量的关系。用pH=5的HCl溶液和(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度/(mmol.L-1)为1.6,3.2,6.4,12.8,19.2,25.6的混合溶液对饱和吸附了K+的斜发沸石进行解吸,实验结果表明:沸石对K+的吸附在4min能达到最大吸附率的96%,30min内达到平衡。Langmuir吸附等温式能对吸附曲线进行很好的描述。单位质量沸石对K+的最大吸附量为44.53×10-3,以阳离子交换吸附为主。pH=5的HCl溶液对K+的解吸量最小,随解吸溶液中(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度增加,解吸滞后系数减小,解吸速率远小于吸附速率。解吸量的自然对数与解吸时间的自然对数呈现明显的线性关系,用指数方程对(Ca2++Mg2+)浓度为25.6mmol/L的解吸曲线进行拟合,R=0.998,拟合方程为qt=3.890t0.210。理论上将吸附的K+全部解吸出来需要74.4d。 相似文献
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11.
C. H. Hou C. Y. Huang C. Y. Hu 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(4):753-760
Capacitive deionization has been developed as a promising desalination alternative for removing ions from aqueous solutions. In this study, the evaluation of capacitive performance was carried out by galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry experiments. The good capacitive and electrosorption behaviors suggest carbon aerogel not only treated as an electrical double layer capacitor, but also as a potential electrode in capacitive deionization processes. Also, the capacitive deionization characteristics indicate that electrosorption/regeneration can be controlled by polarization and depolarization of each electrode. It implies that sodium and chloride ions are electrostatically held to form electrical double layer on the surface of charged electrodes. The electrosorption performance at different applied voltages and solution concentrations was investigated. It is found that the removal of sodium chloride increases with increasing applied voltage and solution concentration, resulting from stronger electrostatic interactions, higher concentration gradient, and less double layer overlapping effect. Based on Langmuir isotherm, the equilibrium electrosorption capacity at 1.2 V is determined as 270.59 μmol/g. Under this condition, due to the presence of micropores associated with the double layer overlapping, the effective surface area for electrosorption of ions at 1.2 V is estimated in the range of 12.18–14.25 % of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area. The results provide a fundamental understanding of electrosorption of ions and help promoting capacitive deionization technology for water purification and desalination. 相似文献
12.
A new kind of ammonia nitrogen (AN) sewage water treatment composite was prepared by melt blending, with synthetic rubber ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and polycarbonate (PC) as the matrix, the natural vermiculite (VMT) powder modified by hydrochloric acid solution (HVMT) as the filler. By Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurement and XRD measurement, it was confirmed that the HVMT was more suitable as filler than VMT. By considering the influence of pH, temperature, adsorption composite content and initial mass concentration on removal rate and adsorption capacity, it can be concluded that the removal rate increased first and then decreased with the increasing pH. “Room temperature” was the optimum temperature for the composite. The removal rate of AN increased with the increasing adsorption composite content. When the adsorption reached equilibrium, the removal rate remained unchanged; the adsorption capacity of AN increased with increasing initial concentration. The removal rate increased gradually with lower initial concentration of AN. When the initial concentration increased to a certain level, the removal rate started to decline. When the initial concentration and composite content showed adsorption equilibrium, the adsorption capacity remained unchanged. The composite can be recycled to be reused after regeneration for nine cycles; the AN adsorption capacity of composite was decreased by only 4.5 %. If the composite can be prepared in large-scale production lines, the costs of HVMT/PC/EPDM porous composite can be controlled at less than USD 16/kg. 相似文献
13.
The adsorption of cadmium from simulated mining wastewater by coal waste (CW) and calcination-modified coal waste (MCW) was investigated. Effects of pH, initial concentration, particle size of adsorbent, adsorbent dosage and temperature were studied in batch experiments. The adsorption efficiency for cadmium increased with increasing pH, and the optimum pH for cadmium adsorption onto MCW and CW was 6.0 and 6.5, respectively. Kinetic experiments showed that the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 120 min and followed pseudo-second-order model well. The adsorption isotherm data fit Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the adsorption capacity of cadmium on the two adsorbents increased with increasing temperature from 298 to 318 K. MCW had a higher adsorption capacity of cadmium than CW, because calcination treatment can make CW to have more loose structure and higher specific surface area. Thermodynamic parameters, the Gibbs free energy change (?G0), enthalpy change (?H0) and entropy change (?S0), were calculated and the results showed that the adsorption of cadmium on CW and MCW was spontaneous and endothermic. Fourier transform infrared studies indicated silanol and aluminol groups were responsible for cadmium binding. The desorption results indicated that the two adsorbents could be used repeatedly at least three times without significant decrease in the adsorption capacity for cadmium. The results suggested that modified CW could have high potential as low-cost adsorbent for cadmium removal. 相似文献
14.
C. M. Zvinowanda J. O. Okonkwo Ph.D. P. N. Shabalala B.Tech. N. M. Agyei Ph.D. 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(3):425-434
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using maize tassel as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, solution temperature, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) by tassel was investigated using batch methods. Adsorption for both chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) was found to be highly pH dependent compared to the other parameters investigated. Obtained results gave an adsorption capacity of 79.1 % for chromium (VI) at pH 2, exposure time of 1h at 25 °C. Maximum capacity of cadmium of 88 % was obtained in the pH range of 5-6 at 25 °C after exposure time of 1 h. The adsorption capacities of tassel for both chromium (VI) and cadmium (II) were found to be comparable to those of other commercial adsorbents currently in use for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous wastes. These results have demonstrated the immense potential of maize tassel as an alternative adsorbent for toxic metal ions remediation in polluted water and wastewater. 相似文献
15.
在原位氧化过程中,实际场地地下水和含水介质的物化特征是影响氧化效果的重要因素,而目前对此影响的研究较少。以某场地实际高盐强酸性复合苯系污染地下水为研究对象,以地下水中2-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(2-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,2-N)和3-硝基-4-甲氧基苯胺(3-nitro-4-methoxyaniline,3-N)为特征污染物,探究芬顿(Fenton)试剂原位氧化特征,并研究液相环境因素(初始H2O2浓度、初始Fe2+浓度、初始pH值、初始醋酸(Acetic acid,HAc)浓度、初始SO42-浓度)以及含水层介质对Fenton法去除2-N和3-N的影响。结果显示:(1)Fenton法去除2-N和3-N效果显著,且在初始液相条件为c(H2O2)=7 mmol/L、c(Fe2+)=4 mmol/L、pH=4、c(HAc)=0 mg/L和c(SO42-)=0 mmol/L时去除效果最佳;(2)各因素对Fenton法氧化2-N和3-N的影响不同,加入H2O2和Fe2+使2-N和3-N去除率上升,增大HAc浓度使2-N和3-N去除率下降;(3)含水层介质对2-N和3-N具有一定吸附性,且对3-N的吸附性强于2-N,二者在本实验中最大吸附态占比分别为29%和42%,而吸附态的存在会抑制Fenton法对2-N和3-N的去除;(4)矿物分析结果显示介质含有少量黄铁矿,在硫酸环境下,介质腐蚀溶解释放Fe2+,在达到一定浓度后,无需额外添加Fe2+即可完成Fenton反应进而去除2-N和3-N。 相似文献
16.
为探讨花岗岩母质红壤吸附水中砷(Ⅴ)的效果和机理, 采用静态吸附实验, 研究溶液砷初始浓度、反应时间、温度、pH值等因素对红壤吸附水中砷的影响.当溶液砷初始浓度小于5.0 mg/L时, 红壤对砷的去除率均大于97%;随着砷初始浓度增大, 去除率逐渐降低; 反应初期(0~120 min), 红壤对砷的去除率迅速增大至95.0%左右.此后, 去除率缓慢增大, 直到720 min后, 去除率达到97.0%左右, 并趋于稳定; 在砷初始浓度一定时, 红壤对砷的吸附量随着温度的升高逐渐增加, 但增加幅度较小; 红壤对砷的去除率随着体系pH值的增大呈减小趋势; 正交试验表明, 在砷初始浓度为5.0 mg·L-1、反应时间为120 min、pH为5.0及反应温度为40℃的组合下, 红壤对砷的去除率最大. 相似文献
17.
Application of dried plant biomass as novel low-cost adsorbent for removal of cadmium from aqueous solution 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. Dubey A. Mishra S. Singhal 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(4):1043-1050
Heavy metals are a threat to human health and ecosystem. These days, great deal of attention is being given to green technologies for purification of water contaminated with heavy metal ions. Biosorption is one among such emerging technologies, which utilizes naturally occurring waste materials to sequester heavy metals from wastewater. Cadmium has hazardous impact on living beings; therefore, its removal through green and economical process is an important task. The aim of the present study was to utilize the locally available Portulaca oleracea plant biomass as an adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution. The biomass was obtained after drying and grinding the portulaca leaves and stem. No chemical treatment was done on the adsorbent so that it remained green in a true sense. Batch experiments were performed at room temperature. The critical parameters studied were effects of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and adsorbent dose on the adsorption of cadmium. The maximum adsorption was found to be 72 %. The kinetic data were found to best fit the pseudo-second-order equation. High adsorption rates were obtained in the initial 45 min, and adsorption equilibrium was then gradually achieved in about 100 min. Adsorption increased with increase in pH for a range 2 and 6. The equilibrium adsorption results closely followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The values of constants were calculated from isotherms. Results indicated that portulaca plant biomass could be developed as a potential material to be used in green water treatment devices for removal of metal ions. 相似文献
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M. Taghdiri N. Zamani 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2013,10(1):19-26
The adsorption of hexamine onto powdered activated carbon from aqueous solutions was studied in a fixed bed system. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson and Toth isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data and isotherm parameters were determined. The results revealed that the adsorption isotherm models fitted the data in the order of Langmuir > Toth > Redlich–Peterson > Freundlich. Lagergren pseudo-first order kinetic model was found to correlate well with the experimental data. The effects of solution pH, temperature, initial hexamine concentration and added salts concentration on the adsorption capacity and the rate of adsorption were studied. The results indicate that the rate of adsorption increases and then decreases as temperature of the hexamine solution increases, however, the adsorption capacity decreases. The addition of low concentration of salt significantly increases the adsorption capacity of activated carbon. The results showed that the activated carbon has potential for the adsorption of hexamine from industrial hexamine wastewater. 相似文献
20.
Single and binary adsorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution using the clay mineral beidellite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Beidellite, a low-cost, locally available and natural mineral was used as an adsorbent for the removal of lead and cadmium
ions from aqueous solutions in batch experiments. The kinetics of adsorption process was tested for the pseudo first-order,
pseudo second-order reaction and intra-particle diffusion models. The rate constants of adsorption for all these kinetic models
were calculated. Comparison amongst the models showed that the sorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo second-order
model. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data for different temperatures.
The adsorption capacities (Q°) of beidellite for lead and cadmium ions were calculated from the Langmuir isotherm. It was found that adsorption capacity
was in the range of 83.3–86.9 for lead and 42–45.6 mg/g for cadmium at different temperatures. Thermodynamic studies showed
that the metal uptake reaction by beidellite was endothermic in nature. Binary metal adsorption studies were also conducted
to investigate the interactions and competitive effects in binary adsorption process. Based on the optimum parameters found,
beidellite can be used as adsorbent for metal removal processes. 相似文献