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帕米尔弧形构造带新生代构造演化研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
帕米尔弧形构造带有巨大的地壳缩短量、近双倍的地壳增厚、巨大的海拔高程、同造山伸展作用,对塔西南新生代构造变形、沉积和古气候影响重大。但是,对于帕米尔的构造过程尚存在争议。基于前人研究成果,可将帕米尔新生代构造演化过程归结如下:印度—欧亚板块的碰撞导致帕米尔在新生代早期开始构造抬升,并在新生代晚期持续抬升。帕米尔北缘的主帕米尔逆冲断裂(MPT)和帕米尔前缘逆冲推覆系(PFT)可能在早—中中新世开始活动;东缘喀喇昆仑断裂(KKF)北段的起始活动时间在早—中中新世,喀什—叶城走滑系统(KYTS)则于晚始新世—早中新世开始活动,表明帕米尔可能在约20 Ma BP开始呈弧形向北挤入欧亚板块。10~7 Ma BP帕米尔内部的公格尔伸展系统开始发育。至上新世,KKF北段停止活动;KYTS在晚中新世或上新世的走滑速率大幅减小,表明帕米尔与塔里木板块间的相对运动量在不断减少。对于帕米尔弧形构造带形成及其演化动力学机制的更清晰界定还有赖于构造过程时空分布、造山带与盆地以及地壳浅表与地球深部过程的系统研究。 相似文献
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帕米尔弧形构造带是印度-欧亚板块碰撞变形最强烈的地区之一,是研究构造过程、地貌演化以及气候变化及其相互作用的理想场所。本文基于前人的研究成果,对帕米尔弧形构造带新生代构造单元、地貌特征和动力学演化模型进行了总结归纳,包括:主要构造单元的活动起止时间、活动量及活动速率;帕米尔弧形构造带现今的地貌特征(水系和冰川的分布);帕米尔弧形构造带6种主要的地球动力学演化模型的主要样式、优点及限制。论文提出了帕米尔弧形构造带晚新生代构造研究的三个重要的科学问题:精细厘定构造带内部的不同断裂带运动学特征和相互关系;深部地质过程与浅部响应相结合,探讨构造带形成的深部地质过程控制;将构造过程、气候特征与地貌演化作为一个耦合系统开展研究。 相似文献
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帕米尔弧形构造带作为印度-欧亚板块碰撞带变形最为强烈的地区之一,该构造带前缘发育了一系列呈弧形形态展布的活动断裂系;其向北突出的弧形形态的形成是数十年来国内外的研究热点。但关于该弧形形态的形成时间、形成机制以及帕米尔弧形构造带的演化过程仍存在很大的争议。沿弧形构造带发育的活动断裂系运动学的时空变化是揭示帕米尔弧形构造带新生代以来形成演化过程的重要窗口,但是鲜有对这些构造的多时空尺度的系统性研究。文章根据这些沿弧形构造不同的构造样式,重点总结了主要活动构造在不同时间尺度下的变形速率,并分析这些构造沿帕米尔弧形前缘的时空变化。结果表明,晚第四纪以来,帕米尔弧形构造带前缘的构造变形速率基本保持稳定,且前缘主要的逆冲和走滑运动呈现强烈的不对称特征。我们认为帕米尔弧形构造带晚第四纪以来的变形模式基本保持一致,主要表现为不对称径向逆冲的运动学模式,这一运动学模式的形成可能受控于帕米尔边界条件的差异。 相似文献
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西南天山山前褶皱冲断带的变形与其东侧的柯坪冲断带的大规模薄皮滑脱明显不同,它以发育"堆垛"构造和基底卷入逆冲构造为特征,是什么因素控制了该冲断带的变形。本文基于地震解释剖面,采用离散元数值模拟研究手段,单因素变量控制方法,设计了先存断裂模型,滑脱层模型和先存断裂与不同内聚力的滑脱层组合模型共5组数值模拟实验,分析西南天山山前褶皱冲断带的构造变形的控制因素。实验结果表明:滑脱层岩石强度控制了其下先存断裂向上突破的难易程度,滑脱层内聚力较强时,沿先存薄弱带易突破滑脱层形成逆冲推覆构造;滑脱层内聚力较弱时,滑脱层将发育成逆冲体系的顶板断裂,阻碍滑脱层之下单元中先存断裂后期活动向上传播,易形成相互叠覆的逆冲片。弱内聚力滑脱层发育的地区,变形前锋向前陆方向传播得更快、更远,变形主要发生在滑脱层之上单元,易形成冲起构造和三角带,滑脱层之下单元构造变形相对较弱。通过对比分析,认为西南天山山前冲断带发育堆垛构造和基底卷入逆冲构造变形,主要受控于发育上白垩统-古近系的膏盐层和前新生代的先存断裂。 相似文献
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博格达山北缘褶皱冲断带以横向分段、纵向分层、多期构造变形叠加、先存构造发育为主要特征,发育有中侏罗统西山窑组和下侏罗统八道湾组两套滑脱层,为探究这两套滑脱层内聚力强度差异及先存构造对冲断带新生代构造变形的影响,研究采用离散元数值模拟方法,在布设先存构造的基础上设计了无滑脱层模型和不同内聚力强度组合的双滑脱层模型共5组数值模拟实验.实验结果表明：双滑脱层内聚力强度相同时,上滑脱层在应力传播中占据优势;双滑脱层内聚力强度不同时,应力会优先沿弱内聚力滑脱层传递,且当下滑脱层内聚力较弱时,上滑脱层可能不发挥作用.通过对比实验结果与实际地质剖面,认为先存构造控制了冲断带构造变形的总体样式,而两套滑脱层共同控制了冲断带纵向上的变形解耦,上部滑脱层内聚力弱于下部滑脱层是影响研究区新生代构造变形的关键性因素. 相似文献
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南天山褶皱冲断带西段变形空间差异性及控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新生代早期印度板块与欧亚板块持续碰撞汇聚导致欧亚板块内部发生大规模的陆内变形,天山造山带再次隆升,并向塔里木盆地大规模逆掩推覆,形成了现今南天山褶皱冲断带,其变形表现出明显的空间差异性。本文以南天山褶皱冲断带西段为研究对象,通过对不同构造带的地震剖面解释、运用平衡剖面技术恢复出各演化阶段发育过程并计算出相应的变形量,分析本区构造带的空间差异性及其控制因素。通过分析认为南天山褶皱冲断带西段可以进一步划分为巴什布拉克构造段,乌恰-阿图什-喀什构造段和柯坪西缘构造段。其中,巴什布拉克构造段变形特征主要呈一系列对冲构造和背驮盆地样式。乌恰-阿图什-喀什构造段变形特征表现为深、浅两个层次:深部发育堆垛构造和构造楔,浅部发育断层传播褶皱和逆冲断层改造的褶皱带。柯坪西缘构造段变形更加强烈,也表现为深、浅两个层次:深部发育堆垛构造,堆垛程度更大,浅部也发育断层传播褶皱和逆冲断层改造的褶皱带以及反冲断层系。结合该研究区的地质概况进一步分析,本文认为南天山褶皱冲断带西段构造变形的差异性可能与新生代以来帕米尔块体向北推进、塔拉斯-费尔干纳右行走滑断裂的活动、先存断裂的活化与韧性滑脱层的影响有关。 相似文献
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库车坳陷东、西段盐下构造在北部构造带以南出现明显的差异构造变形特征,在西段的克拉苏构造带盐下发育由一系列逆冲断裂组成的叠瓦构造,而在东段的东秋构造带盐下发育一个大型的断背斜构造。本文基于地震资料构造解析,采用离散元数值模拟方法,设计了5组数值模拟实验来探究先存断层、同构造沉积和滑脱层强度对褶皱冲断带构造形态及演化的影响,进而分析库车坳陷东、西段构造特征差异的成因机制。模拟结果表明含盐褶皱冲断带往往发育垂向分层构造变形。先存断裂会影响褶皱冲断带构造传播的方式,导致盐下楔体形态、断裂数量和盐上构造样式的差异。同构造沉积会增强盐上和盐下的分层差异变形,滑脱层强度增强会减弱盐上和盐下的分层变形。通过将模拟结果与库车坳陷东、西段构造特征进行对比分析,我们认为先存断层可能是影响库车坳陷东、西段盐下构造差异演化的重要因素。库车坳陷东段的东秋构造带受先存断裂影响,在先存断裂的位置优先变形,形成东秋断裂和上覆东秋背斜,同时先存断裂既有助于应力释放,又阻拦应力向前传递,形成乱序式变形传播。库车坳陷西段的克拉苏构造带,没有先存断裂的影响,盐下主要发育前展式构造变形,形成由一系列逆冲断层组成的叠瓦构造楔体。 相似文献
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帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘晚新生代沉积特征的研究对于理解帕米尔构造带弧形扩展机制具有重要意义。本文通过对帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘的晚新生代沉积地层的沉积特征对比研究和重矿物采样与组份分析,建立了帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘地区的晚新生代沉积联合柱状对比图和重矿物组份变化曲线。研究结果表明,晚新生代沉积与重矿物变化主要记录了帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘的两期构造活动。第一期构造活动发生在安居安组沉积时期,帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘的和什拉甫剖面、英科1井表现为粗碎屑沉积和对应的不稳定重矿物爆发,而南部的甫沙2井中则并未观察到,这一事件可能反映了喀什-叶城走滑系统在和什拉甫剖面附近的中新世构造启动。第二期构造活动发生在阿图什组沉积期间,帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘全区域出现了一套粗碎屑沉积和对应的不稳定重矿物爆发,反映了帕米尔弧形构造带东北缘在上新世以来大规模向北楔入塔里木盆地内部的构造过程。 相似文献
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三江构造带新生代变形构造的时-空变化:研究综述及新数据 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在印度-欧亚陆陆碰撞造山过程中,位于青藏高原东南部、喜玛拉雅东构造结东侧的西南三江地区在新生代经历了强烈变形,形成了复杂的构造样式。构造样式的时空变化可以有效限定印度-欧亚陆陆碰撞过程,而近年发表的大量数据为揭示三江构造带新生代构造样式时空变化提供了可能。通过综合前人研究数据,结合本文的新观察,提出三江构造带不同构造部位的变形特点显示规律性变化:处于碰撞前缘位置的腾冲、保山地块在印度地块向北迁移过程中最早(50~45Ma)与印度大陆发生碰撞,在挤压作用下形成褶皱+逆断层组合,以及块体边界压扭性剪切变形;随着印度地块持续向北运动,该变形样式逐渐向东、北部扩展,并使兰坪-思茅地块、扬子地块西缘剑川盆地沉积环境发生改变,地块两侧发生剪切变形;其中兰坪-思茅地块东侧(30Ma)剪切带的启动时间晚于西侧(34Ma)。地块两侧剪切带均大致经历了纯剪(挤压)-简单剪切(走滑)-纯剪(伸展)变形历史;剪切带各阶段变形的启动时间均具有南早北晚之特点。发生塑性变形的下地壳物质的剥露过程同样表现出时空不均匀性,结合古地磁研究成果,这种现象可能与地块内部的不均匀旋转有关。各剪切带最北端不但变形启动时间最晚,而且基本没有记录走滑变形。这种变形样式的时空变化表明,印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞变形效应在三江构造带内主要表现为陆块内部的弥散状挤压变形与块体刚性旋转形成的剪切带,块体向南逃逸规模较小。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
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Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献
20.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献