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1.
张掖盆地水文地质特征与稳定同位素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了张掖盆地地下水赋存分布特征与地下水补给、径流、排泄条件,利用水化学、同位素调查的方法,重点对张掖甘州平原区地下水水化学类型及其演化过程进行了研究。结果表明：张掖盆地由源于南部祁连山和北部龙首山的水系沉积物组成,其冲洪积平原规模、含水层富水性、导水性与地下水水化学特征等方面存在差异;同时地下水稳定同住素特征分析印证了水文地质条件的差异。祁连山前沉积物与龙首山前沉积物中地下水有着不同的补给来源和径流路径。浅层地下水和龙首山前深层承压水主要补给源为大气降水和山区河流入渗补给,祁连山前深层承压地下水系统可能有冰雪融水补给。 相似文献
2.
柳江盆地地表水与地下水转化关系的氢氧稳定同位素和水化学证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地球科学进展》2017,(8)
地表水与地下水相互作用是水循环研究的重要组成部分,是研究区域水资源量的基础。通过实地水文地质调查和采样,在对水体氢氧稳定同位素和水化学组成测定的基础上,分析了盆地内枯水期河水和地下水的水化学和氢氧同位素组成特征及空间变化规律,旨在揭示河水与地下水的相互转化关系。研究表明:盆地内地下水主要为HCO3-Ca和HCO3-Ca·Mg类型低矿化度水,各区域地下水具有统一联系性,经历了相同或相似的水化学形成作用;河水水化学类型与地下水相同,且水化学成分来源一致。地下水和河水氢氧同位素组成相接近,最终来源主要为大气降水补给。其中河水在径流过程中受蒸发浓缩作用影响,重同位素略富集。受地形地貌、地质及水文地质条件影响,盆地内地下水与河水之间的补给—排泄相互作用关系具有明显的分段性,相互转化频繁。大石河上游区域和东宫河流域总体上表现为河水受两侧地下水补给;大石河下游区域,表现为河水补给两侧地下水。 相似文献
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为研究近几十年来佘太盆地地下水补给变化情况,通过现场调查分析,对佘太盆地浅层地下水开展同位素样品采集工作,并测定了其氢、氧稳定同位素的值。在分析同位素分布特征及变化规律的基础上,结合当地地质及水文地质条件识别了地下水补给来源和补给区并构建了浅层地下水的补给模式图,探讨了区域上浅层地下水的补给流动状况。通过分析研究区大气降水和地下水中的氢氧稳定同位素的变化特征发现:当地大气降水并不是地下水的主要补给来源,其补给源区为周边山区,补给来源主要是周边山区的大气降水,且地下水所经历的蒸发作用较明显;盆地的东、西部地下水的补给源区不尽相同,西部的补给区高程要高于东部的补给区高程,但两部分地下水所经历的蒸发强度基本相同。 相似文献
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《地下水》2021,(3)
河南省永城市日月湖生态景区治理工程在给永城市人民带来一个优美生态环境的同时,治理区地形、微地貌、水文及水文地质等条件也发生了变化,尤其是开挖后浅层地下水直接出露地表形成湖水,其水质相比之前埋藏于地下会发生改变。论文在阐述永城市日月湖景区水文地质条件的基础上,重点分析了治理区湖水、河水和浅层地下水的水化学和氘氧同位素特征。分析结果表明,湖水的水化学类型为HCO_3-SO_4-Na(Mg)型;河水水化学类型以SO_4-HCO_3-Na型为主;浅层地下水的水化学类型为HCO_3-Na-Mg型或HCO_3-Mg-Na型,个别水样中Cl-含量较高,水化学类型为HCO_3-Cl-Na(Mg,Ca)。湖水和地下水的水化学类型更接近,说明浅层地下水是湖水的重要补给来源。河水的TDS最高,浅层地下水TDS其次,湖水的TDS相对最低。研究区不同水体的氘氧同位素的分析结果说明,湖水受蒸发作用影响同位素富集;河水氘氧同位素与降水和地下水比较接近,其补给来源为大气降水和地下水;地下水除接受大气降水补给及雨季受河水补给外,还接受区域较高处的侧向径流补给,既有近源补给,也有远源补给。 相似文献
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黑河下游额济纳盆地深层地下水来源的探讨 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文作者在额济纳盆地进行了长达3年的研究,获得了大量盆地地下水资料和水化学、同位素分析数据,在此基础上,利用水化学和环境同位素示踪技术,结合盆地水文地质条件,对盆地深层地下水的补给来源和循环特征进行了探讨.水化学和同位素结果显示,黑河流域深层地下水补给来源具有多源性,主要为核爆前形成的“老水”,水循环缓慢.在进行流域水资源开发时,对深层地下水的利用一定要慎重. 相似文献
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主要根据仙人洞泉和龙滩泉的地质和水文地质调查资料,分析了研究区内岩溶发育特征,并应用水化学分析和同位素测试方法,研究分析了仙人洞泉和龙滩泉形成原因。认为研究区仙人洞泉和龙滩泉水化学及同位素特征相似,二者与金沙江水水化学组成差异较大,二者均以分水岭附近的石炭系地层为主要补给区,但仙人洞泉还接受更远地段地下水的补给,地下水沿岩溶裂隙和管道系统径流。 相似文献
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宁夏海原盆地地下水水化学特征及其演化规律 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
结合宁夏海原盆地已有的地质、水文地质资料,基于水化学、同位素数据分析了研究区的水文地球化学特征。总体上当地的地下水化学场从补给区到径流区到排泄区具有明显的分带性,符合干旱区盆地的水质演化规律;地球化学模拟表明当地水岩相互作用从补给区的以溶滤-混合作用为主逐渐演变成排泄区的以溶滤-蒸发为主。水中的溶解性总固体含量升高主要由岩盐和石膏的溶解引起,第三系岩性及径流条件对地下水水质有很大的影响。同位素特征表明西华山-南华山断裂控制着当地地下水的补给,地下水开采对深层地下水水质的影响尚不明显;在有些地区,由于地下水开采加速了地下水径流,水质有变好的趋势。
相似文献
9.
本文在分析荥巩矿区水文地质条件的基础上,重点对岩溶地下水系统的水化学特征进行分析。结果表明:岩溶水水化学类型自补给区到排泄区,从单一的HCO3型向复杂的HCO3.SO4型和SO4.HCO3型转变,TDS和Sr2+/Ca2+值均增加。地下水氢氧稳定同位素分析结果表明,本区岩溶地下水主要接受大气降水的入渗补给。根据同位素计算的补给高程推断岩溶水补给范围和划分的流动系统与地面调查结果及水化学研究成果一致:矿区处于区域流动系统排泄带,中寒武统张夏组—中奥陶统灰岩在矿区南部出露的范围接受降水补给,以侧向径流的方式进入矿区充水含水层。 相似文献
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利用环境同位素信息识别鲁北平原地下水的补给特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在野外采样的基础上,通过测试分析不同层位地下水中同位素2H 、18O、3H的特征和水化学组成,利用同位素2H、18Ｏ和3H及水化学方法识别鲁北平原地下水的补给来源,估算黄河水与地下水的转化数量,揭示黄河下游平原区的水文循环特征。研究结果表明,鲁北平原浅层地下水的主要补给源为当地的大气降水和黄河水（包括引黄灌溉和黄河水渗漏）,大气降水与黄河水所占的比例随距黄河的远近而变化。总补给量中,大气降水和黄河水的补给比例分别为86%和14%;深层地下水主要起源于古代大气降水,是在比现在寒冷的气候条件下大气降水入渗形成的。 相似文献
11.
Theis Raaschou Andersen Søren Erbs Poulsen Steen Christensen Flemming Jørgensen 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(2):491-503
Groundwater models simulating flow in buried valleys interacting with regional aquifers are often based on hydrogeological models interpreted from dense geophysical datasets and scarce borehole data. For three simple synthetic cases, it is demonstrated that alternative methods of inversion of transient electro-magnetic (TEM) data can lead to very different interpretations of the hydrogeology inside and surrounding a buried valley. The alternative interpreted hydrogeological models are used in numerical modelling of groundwater flow to a pumping well. It is demonstrated that the alternative models result in quite different groundwater-model predictions of capture zone, recharge area, and groundwater age for the pumping well. It is briefly demonstrated that model calibration against hydraulic head data is not likely to improve the predictions or to identify the structural error of the interpreted hydrogeological models. It is therefore concluded that when TEM-based resistivity models are interpreted to construct the hydrogeological framework of a groundwater model, it must be done cautiously with support from deep borehole information. Too much reliance on geophysical mapping can lead to seriously wrong hydrogeological models and correspondingly wrong groundwater-model predictions. 相似文献
12.
人工回灌条件下多组分溶质的反应迁移模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人工回灌技术在我国水资源管理中占据重要地位,但是其实施对地下水环境质量也造成了较大的影响。如何保障人工回灌条件下地下水环境质量的安全稳定性,已成为人工回灌技术发展的瓶颈。以上海市某人工回灌试验场为例,结合试验场的地质、水文地质勘探结果,以TOUGHREACT为数值模拟平台,模拟预测人工回灌条件下地下水中多组分溶质的迁移转化过程。模拟结果表明：地下水化学成分主要受混合作用、阳离子交换吸附作用及含水层矿物相溶解-沉淀作用等影响;含水介质中石英、白云石、钾长石、钠长石及蒙脱石发生溶解,方解石发生沉淀,伊利石与高岭石则先溶解后沉淀,但各矿物相反应量极其微弱;按不同压力方案回灌,水位恢复速率随压力增大而加快,但地下水中化学成分变化趋势几乎不受压力影响。 相似文献
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B. Miles T. Kalbacher O. Kolditz C. Chen J. Gronewold W. Wang A. Peter 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(7):1399-1412
Ongoing developments in geological and hydrogeological investigation techniques, especially direct-push methods, have led
to an increase in the quality, density and spatial resolution of data available from such investigations. This has created
new challenges in the development of numerical models in terms of accurately and efficiently translating detailed and complex
conceptual models into effective numerical models. Suitable geometrical and numerical modelling tools are essential in order
to meet these challenges. This paper describes the development of a three-dimensional hydrogeological flow model for a contaminated
site near Berlin, Germany, based on high-resolution geological data obtained principally using direct-push methods. The available
data were first interpreted to construct a detailed GIS-based geological model, which formed the basis of the conceptual site
model. The conceptual model was then translated into a geometrical model, which was used to create a finite element numerical
model. An innovative geometry object-based approach enabled the complex structural details of the conceptual model to be accurately
reproduced in the numerical model domain. The resulting three-dimensional steady-state unconfined flow model was successfully
calibrated using external automated calibration software, whereby parameter values for groundwater recharge and hydraulic
conductivity were determined. 相似文献
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地下水流系统理论和数值模拟技术分别是水文地质学的基本理论和技术方法,含水岩组的概化是地下水流系统分析和地下水数值模拟的重要基础,直接影响着数值模拟和水流系统分析的精度和可信度.为提高含水岩组概化的精度和可信度,提出一种含水岩组概化的新方法,即累积导水系数法.依据岩层厚度与渗透系数乘积累积值随深度的变化,以及水文地质剖面岩性分布的整体特征,概化含水介质结构.以玛纳斯河流域为例,应用该方法概化流域内的岩性剖面,结合GMS软件中TINS模块构建水文地质结构模型.结果表明,应用该方法概化后的含水层结构具有较好的合理性和仿真性,建立的三维模型很好地显示了研究区含水介质的空间展布特征,为建立地下水流模型奠定了良好的基础. 相似文献
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Groundwater flow and the associated surface water flow are potential negative factors on underground tunnels. Early detection of environmental impacts on water resources is of significant importance to planning, design and construction of tunnel projects, as early detection can minimize accidents and project delays during construction. The groundwater modeling software package Groundwater Modeling System (GMS), which supports the groundwater numerical codes MODFLOW and FEMWATER, was utilized to determine the impact of tunneling excavation on the hydrogeological environment in a regional area around the tunnel and a local hot springs area, at the “Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project”, in Taiwan. A hydrogeological conceptual model was first developed to simplify structures related to the site topography, geology and geological structure. The MODFLOW code was then applied to simulate groundwater flow pattern for the hydrogeological conceptual model in the tunnel area. The automated parameter estimation method was applied to calibrate groundwater level fluctuation and hydrogeological parameters in the region. Calibration of the model demonstrated that errors between simulated and monitored results are smaller than allowable errors. The study also observed that tunneling excavation caused groundwater to flow toward the tunnel. No obvious changes in the groundwater flow field due to tunnel construction were observed far away in the surrounding regions. Furthermore, the FEMWATER code for solving 3-D groundwater flow problems, in which hydrogeological characteristics are integrated into a geographic information system (GIS), is applied to evaluate the impact of tunnel construction on an adjacent hot spring. Simulation results indicated that the groundwater drawdown rate is less than the groundwater recharge rate, and the change to the groundwater table after tunnel construction was insignificant for the hot spring area. Finally, the groundwater flow obtained via the GMS indicated that the hydrogeological conceptual model can estimate the possible quantity of tunnel inflow and the impact of tunnel construction on the regional and local groundwater resources regime of the transbasin diversion project. 相似文献
17.
地下水流数值模拟是高放废物处置库选址中水文地质评价的重要内容.水文地质概念模型是地下水流数值模拟的基础和前提.在北山预选区水文地质分析基础上,利用DEM数据生成了研究区地表水系,据此确定了模拟范围;借助GMS软件,建立了研究区三维水文地质结构模型;再通过边界条件、流场特征、地下水均衡项和水文地质参数的分析和描述,建立了北山地区水文地质概念模型. 相似文献
18.
对两类降雨入渗计算模型进行了研究：①简单的水量平衡模型；②数值模拟模型。这两类模型的假定条件和非饱和的理论概念差别很大。两类模型在非饱和区中的应用表明，在非饱和区均质土壤条件下，水量平衡模型计算的降雨入渗补给量与应用数值模拟模型计算所得结果基本相吻合。灵敏度分析表明了地下水位变动对降雨入渗补给的影响。假定地下水位不变所造成的误差可作为水文地质参数的一个函数来处理。本文研究成果在一定水文地质条件下的非饱和水流模型、饱和水流模型或排水模型系统计算中具有十分重要的参考应用价值。 相似文献
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Sonja Burghof Geofrey Gabiri Christine Stumpp Romain Chesnaux Barbara Reichert 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(1):267-284
Understanding groundwater/surface-water interactions in wetlands is crucial because wetlands provide not only a high potential for agricultural production, but also sensitive and valuable ecosystems. This is especially true for the Kilombero floodplain wetland in Tanzania, which represents a data-scarce region in terms of hydrological and hydrogeological data. A comprehensive approach combining hydrogeological with tracer-based assessments was conducted, in order to develop a conceptual hydrogeological wetland model of the area around the city of Ifakara in the north-eastern region of Kilombero catchment. Within the study site, a heterogeneous porous aquifer, with a range of hydraulic conductivities, is underlain by a fractured-rock aquifer. Groundwater chemistry is mainly influenced by silicate weathering and depends on groundwater residence times related to the hydraulic conductivities of the porous aquifer. Groundwater flows from the hillside to the river during most of the year. While floodwater close to the river is mainly derived from overbank flow of the river, floodwater at a greater distance from the river mainly originates from precipitation and groundwater discharge. Evaporation effects in floodwater increase with increasing distance from the river. In general, the contribution of flood and stream water to groundwater recharge is negligible. In terms of an intensification of agricultural activities in the wetland, several conclusions can be drawn from the conceptual model. Results of this study are valuable as a base for further research related to groundwater/surface-water interactions and the conceptual model can be used in the future to set up numerical flow and transport models. 相似文献