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木哈塔依蛇绿混杂岩位于新疆西准噶尔达拉布特蛇绿岩带北东端,蛇绿岩组合包括蛇纹石化及石英菱镁岩化方辉橄榄岩、玄武岩和硅质岩,蛇绿岩中侵入有辉长岩脉。对蛇绿岩开展了详细的岩相学、岩石地球化学、锆石UPb年代学和Hf同位素研究。玄武岩和辉长岩均为低钾拉斑玄武岩系列,两者同时具有轻稀土富集和弱亏损的EMORB和N-MORB的配分曲线,微量元素具有Ba、U、K、La、Ce等LILE相对富集,Nb、Ta、Th等HFSE相对亏损的特征,结合玄武岩中相对稳定的微量元素和氧化物构造判别图解,认为蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地。玄武岩LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(392.5)±2.9 Ma(n=26,MSWD=1.3),代表蛇绿岩形成年龄。玄武岩锆石εHf(t)值为+12.2~+15.1,Hf同位素地幔模式年龄t(DM)(407~543 Ma)与锆石形成年龄相近,指示玄武岩直接来源于亏损地幔,且没有遭受地壳物质的明显混染。地幔岩铬尖晶石化学成分和玄武岩Dy/Yb-La/Yb图解表明,地幔橄榄岩可能为亏损的尖晶石二辉橄榄岩发生25%~30%部分熔融的残余,而熔出的基性熔体为玄武岩和辉长岩的母岩浆。综合研究认为,达拉布特蛇绿岩所代表的西准噶尔洋盆为准噶尔洋北西俯冲形成的弧后盆地,洋盆在中志留世就已经存在并开始扩张,直到早石炭世洋盆依然存在,晚石炭世洋盆进入俯冲消减和闭合阶段。 相似文献
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本文对赣东北樟树墩蛇绿混杂岩中基性—超基性岩的地球化学分析表明,其中辉长岩具有MORB的地球化学特征,蛇纹岩强烈亏损各微量元素。辉长岩的锆石SHRIMP O同位素分析结果给出了非常均一的O同位素组成(5.12‰±0.62‰,2σ),与地幔锆石的O同位素组成(5.3‰±0.3‰)接近。这些地球化学特征和其形成于大洋环境吻合。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年给出了辉长岩的形成年龄为1009±5 Ma(MSWD=1.15)。在作为赣东北蛇绿岩的围岩张村岩群中,选取凝灰岩样品进行的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年给出了833±10 Ma(MSWD=1.5)的形成年龄,表明蛇绿岩就位时代晚于833 Ma。结合前人的研究,本文指出赣东北蛇绿岩形成于中元古代末—新元古代初的大洋中脊环境,不同于皖南伏川蛇绿岩所代表的弧后小洋盆环境。这些新资料为华南区域大地构造演化研究提供了新的约束。 相似文献
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新疆东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年、氧同位素及其地质构造意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文为首次报道东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及氧同位素。北塔山蛇绿混杂岩出露于扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿混杂岩东南端,中蒙边境附近。岩石地球化学表明,其主要为岛弧玄武岩,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式表现为轻稀土相对富集,微量元素的N-MORB标准化蛛网图显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),存在Nb和Ta负异常,显示了受消减带影响的信息,其可能是准噶尔地区洋壳俯冲-消减的产物。东准噶尔北塔山蛇绿混杂岩中辉长岩的锆石获得了3组SHRIMP U-Pb年龄,第一组锆石的年龄为494±3Ma(n=14,χ2=1.16),对应δ18O加权平均值为5.2±0.3‰(1σ),与幔源锆石δ18O值(5.3±0.3‰)相一致,代表了辉长岩的形成年龄,亦代表了该蛇绿岩形成时代。辉长岩中第二组锆石的SHRIMP UPb年龄范围为412±13Ma和259~264Ma,对应锆石δ18O值为6.5±0.1‰~11.1±0.1‰,表明它们受到后期高δ18O壳源流体/熔体不同程度的改造。研究区与玄武岩呈侵入接触关系的花岗斑岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为407±2Ma,代表了该花岗斑岩的形成年龄,并约束了阿尔曼泰洋盆的闭合时限可能为晚志留纪-早泥盆纪。而其对应锆石δ18O值为6.1±0.2‰(1σ),反映了岩浆物质可能主要来源于下伏玄武质洋壳。本文的研究结果不仅表明北塔山蛇绿岩形成于晚寒武世,而且进一步证明它是扎河坝-阿尔曼泰蛇绿岩带的东南延伸。更为重要的是,本文的研究还证明锆石O同位素研究与锆石SHRIMP定年研究相结合是合理解释蛇绿岩中锆石年龄复杂性的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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滇西昌宁-孟连蛇绿混杂岩带保存了晚古生代古特提斯洋演化的记录,近年来在该带内还识别了一套早古生代的SSZ型蛇绿岩以及早古生代洋岛型高压变质岩原岩,证实了带内具有与青藏高原内部龙木措-双湖蛇绿混杂岩带相对应的原特提斯演化的记录.通过对昌宁-孟连蛇绿混杂岩带东南部布朗山地区澜沧岩群中变火山岩和变辉长岩岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及锆石原位Hf同位素研究,年代学结果显示,变辉长岩年龄为480.2±1.8 Ma,变火山岩年龄分别为465.5±1.2 Ma和472.5±2.9 Ma,代表了变辉长岩和变火山岩原岩形成时代.地球化学特征显示,变辉长岩具有典型的E-MORB微量、稀土元素特征,亏损锆石Hf同位素组成(εHf(t)=12.8～13.6),为洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)和洋岛玄武岩(OIB)混合的产物,代表了早古生代原特提斯洋演化的洋壳残片;变火山岩由高镁安山岩和高镁玄武岩组成,具有典型的岛弧岩浆岩亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)的特征,指示它们来源于俯冲交代富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融,代表的是早古代原特提斯洋俯冲消减过程的产物.因此,昌宁-孟连原特提斯洋在早古生代早期就具有现今太平洋多岛洋的格局,这一研究为深入理解昌宁-孟连蛇绿混杂岩带原-古特提斯发展和演化提供了新的、重要的信息. 相似文献
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赣东北蛇绿岩是华南最重要的前寒武纪蛇绿岩之一,本文对其中的樟树墩辉长岩进行了年代学、岩石地球化学及锆石Hf同位素研究。LA_ICP_MS锆石U_Pb测年结果显示樟树墩辉长岩结晶年龄为1 061±44 Ma,代表了洋盆扩张的年龄,也即赣东北蛇绿岩的形成年龄。单颗粒锆石原位Hf同位素分析得到樟树墩辉长岩εHf(t)=6.22~9.94,平均值为8.10,略低于结晶时亏损地幔值;单阶段亏损地幔Hf模式年龄tDM1为1.21~1.41 Ga,平均为1.28Ga,明显大于成岩年龄1 061 Ma。地球化学及锆石Hf同位素结果显示赣东北蛇绿岩地幔具有E-MORB的特点,表明这些辉长岩起源于未发生大规模熔融的初始地幔,推测赣东北蛇绿岩可能形成于古洋盆初始裂解阶段的洋脊环境,赣东北蛇绿岩为MOR型蛇绿岩。 相似文献
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《地质通报》2020,(9)
红石山-百合山蛇绿混杂岩带是北山造山带最北部的一条蛇绿混杂岩带,前人对百合山蛇绿岩的研究很少涉及。百合山蛇绿岩主要由变质橄榄岩、辉石橄榄岩、堆晶辉石岩、辉长岩、玄武岩等组成,对其中的辉长岩进行地球化学和锆石U-Pb年龄测试,以了解洋盆性质和形成时间。研究结果显示:辉长岩具有Al_2O_3、Mg O含量高,P_2O_5含量低,富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,岩石初始~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值为0.70418～0.70711,(~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd)_i为0.512392～0.512568,ε_(Nd)(t)值为+4.61～+7.28,反映岩浆物质来源于亏损地幔源区,形成过程受到俯冲消减流体的影响。辉长岩LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果为344.6±1.8 Ma,岩石地球化学分析显示其属SSZ型(俯冲带型)蛇绿岩,形成于俯冲板片之上的不成熟弧后盆地环境,应为北侧雀儿山-圆包山岛弧基础上发育的早石炭世有限洋盆,代表了古亚洲洋在北山北部的分支洋盆。结合区域上广泛分布于百合山蛇绿混杂岩带南侧的晚石炭世—早二叠世白山岩浆弧特征,指示古亚洲洋在北山北部的演化至少持续到晚古生代晚期。 相似文献
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对金沙江缝合带西段青海治多地区的多彩蛇绿混杂岩和当江荣中酸性岛弧火山岩进行了研究,野外地质剖面显示,蛇绿岩主要由辉长岩、堆晶辉长岩和玄武岩组成,缺少地幔橄榄岩单元。通过对蛇绿岩内部细粒辉长岩、基性熔岩的地球化学测试及堆晶辉长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年发现,基性熔岩可分为2种类型,即洋岛玄武岩OIB型和MORB-IAT型。前者并非蛇绿岩组分,为构造就位时带入;后者为过渡类型,具有典型洋中脊—岛弧蛇绿岩地球化学特征。辉长岩具有明显的TNT槽等岛弧信号,与类型二均属于蛇绿岩成分。测得的堆晶辉长岩中锆石U-Pb年龄为252.50Ma±0.58Ma(MSWD=0.95),是蛇绿岩的形成年龄。研究认为,多彩蛇绿岩与当江荣火山岩具有成对性关系,结合造山带沟—弧—盆体系构造格局,认为前者形成于岛弧偏海沟的弧前构造背景,是晚二叠世金沙江洋持续俯冲的产物。 相似文献
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《现代地质》2021,(3)
西昆仑东段苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩带南侧卡拉勒塔什群以大面积分布的酸性和中基性火山岩为特征,本次对卡拉勒塔什群弧火山岩代表性的岩石组合进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学及锆石Lu-Hf同位素研究。研究结果表明,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得酸性晶屑凝灰岩、蚀变玄武岩~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为(284.2±1.6) Ma和(262.6±2.0) Ma,表明研究区卡拉勒塔什群火山岩形成于早—中二叠世。卡拉勒塔什群火山岩具有富铝、钠、铁,富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba和亏损高场强元素Sr、Ta、Nb、Ti的地球化学特征。其中,基性火山岩属钙碱性-拉斑玄武岩系列,岩石稀土元素配分模式接近大洋拉斑玄武岩,Nd/Th和La/Nb比值为8.91～13.76和0.39～2.28,Lu-Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)值为-0.15～4.95,表现为地幔物质来源,但加入了地壳组分。酸性火山岩属于钙碱性系列,相对亏损P和Zr元素,Nd/Th和La/Nb比值为1.92～4.10和2.52～3.39,Lu-Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)值分别为0.94～3.78和8.26～12.45,二阶段模式年龄分别为1.07～1.25 Ga、0.51～0.78 Ga,表明酸性火山岩物质来源为古老地壳和新生地壳物质重熔后的混合物。卡拉勒塔什群总体地球化学特征表现为岛弧环境。卡拉勒塔什群岛弧火山岩与北侧苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩带在形成时代、空间分布以及基性岩地球化学特征均表现成对关系,与苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩带内发育的硫磺达坂砂岩组深水复理石建造共同构成造山带沟-弧-盆体系,表明苏巴什洋盆由南向北的俯冲极性,说明苏巴什蛇绿构造混杂岩形成于岛弧偏向于海沟的弧前盆地构造背景。 相似文献
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蛇绿岩是恢复大洋演化最直接的证据，是识别板块汇聚边界的一级地质学标志。相比于蛇绿岩，蛇绿混杂岩的基质记录了更多关于大洋板块演化的信息。为了深入理解蛇绿混杂岩基质组成的构造内涵，我们选择了位于越南北部—中国滇东南地区的古特提斯哀牢山- Song Ma(马江)- Song Chay(斋江)缝合带开展研究。本文综合了前人有关该带蛇绿混杂岩基质碎屑锆石U- Pb定年和Hf同位素分析的结果，认为哀牢山- Song Ma- Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质具有强烈的横向不均一性，可以划分为M1、M2、M3和Song Chay 单元。其中，M1位于哀牢山- Song Ma蛇绿混杂岩中部，构成了哀牢山蛇绿混杂岩的主体，具有440 Ma和960 Ma的特征碎屑锆石年龄峰值，结合其Hf同位素特征，我们认为M1的物源为印支板块。M2位于哀牢山- Song Ma蛇绿混杂岩的NW部，显示出单一的260 Ma左右的碎屑锆石年龄峰值，结合其Hf同位素特征，我们认为M2主要来自于华南板块上的峨眉山大火成岩省。M3位于哀牢山- Song Ma蛇绿混杂岩的SE部，碎屑锆石年龄结果显示出250 Ma的主要峰值以及370 Ma和780 Ma的次要峰值，结合其Hf同位素特征，我们认为M3的主要物源为印支板块的弧岩浆岩，少量来自华南板块。Song Chay蛇绿混杂岩基质中的碎屑锆石主要是来自作为被动陆缘的华南板块，只有很少一部分来自上覆的印支板块。上述蛇绿混杂岩组成的横向不均一性，指示了洋盆关闭过程中物源的变化。更重要的是，基质中鲜明的俯冲板块(华南)被动陆缘的信息，使我们推断古特提斯东部在某一阶段或某一部位表现为有限洋盆，其对我们理解东古特提斯板块拼合过程具有重要意义。 相似文献
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根据新提供的Pb同位素组成及岩石地球化学研究成果，本文进一步证实了位于北秦岭北界的明港地区发育的早中生代安山玄武质火山角砾岩岩筒所携带的下地壳捕虏体属于南秦岭。所恢复的南秦岭下地壳剖面自下而上为：底侵成因的变辉长岩-基性麻粒岩(其中含有榴辉岩及辉石岩的透镜体)-酸性麻粒岩。秦岭造山带总体的岩石因模型为：南秦岭(扬子块体)向北拆离俯冲，北秦岭地壳向华北仰冲，华北岩石因呈楔状插入秦岭造山带，拆离面约在中、下地壳之间。南秦岭俯冲岩片延伸的范围在平面上有可能达到400km。 相似文献
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青藏高原综合观测研究站的回顾与展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国科学院青藏高原综合观测研究站从１９８８年建站到１９９８年以来,在各个方面均取得了长足的发展,横向生产性项目的开展和完成不仅解决了部队和地方的实际问题,而且缓和了观测研究站在运行过程中所面临的经费严重不足的问题,同时也为我所冻土专业研究人员提供了在生产中实践的机会,在基础理论研究方面,承担了国家攀登计划项目,国家基金项目,中国科学院重点项目和中国科学院冰冻圈专项项目等的研究工作,在多年冻土变化, 相似文献
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E. M. Korobova 《Geochemistry International》2017,55(13):1205-1282
In his last lifetime essay, “A Few Words about the Noosphere”, Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1944) wrote that all living organisms on the planet, including man, are integral to the biosphere of the Earth, its material and energy structure and cannot be physically independent of it even for a minute. However, the substrate that generates all living beings and is no less tightly bound to the biosphere has always been characterized by a significant geochemical heterogeneity, traced both in the vertical and in the lateral structure of all geospheres.
The present work is devoted to three most important aspects of modern geochemistry and biogeochemistry:
On the basis of theoretical concepts of biogeochemistry and geochemical ecology, formulated in the works of V.I. Vernadsky, A.P. Vinogradov, A.E. Fersman, B.B. Polynov, A.I. Perel’man, M.A. Glazovskaya, V.V. Kovalsky, E. Odum, B. Commoner, E.I. Kolchinskii and others, the author puts forward a hypothesis that there exist two qualitatively different stages in the evolution of the biosphere.The first stage is recognized as the period of natural evolution of the biosphere during which it evolves successively into a more complex and more biogeochemically specialized object. In the course of the geological time, this constantly results, on the one hand, in an increase in species diversity and the perfection of individual species, and, on the other hand, to directed improvement and a greater differentiation of the geochemical conditions of the environment. At this stage, the evolution of all systems of the biosphere that were controlled by the mechanisms of self-organization and self-regulation resulted in the establishment of a dynamic equilibrium, which was responsible for the cycling of all essential chemical elements and therefore providing ecologically optimal geochemical conditions in all ecological niches and for all species and biocenoses inhabiting the biosphere at any given moment.The beginning of the second stage is related to the appearance of reason and qualitative changes in the biosphere caused by the goal-directed activity of the human mind, as an entirely new geological force that appeared to be able not only to disrupt the functioning of natural mechanisms of self-regulation and selforganization, but also to transform the environment in the intersts of a single biological species, Homo sapiens. A direct consequence of this change was the uncontrolled transformation of the natural environment, during which the primary structure (geochemical background) created in the course of billions of years was eventually superimposed by a qualitatively new layer of anthropogenically-derived chemical elements and compounds, thus building an interference pattern of a new geochemical field with which practically all modern living organisms are now forced to interact.An outstanding feature of the new evolutionary stage of the natural environment, called by Vernadsky the noosphere, is that biogeochemical changes at this stage proceed at a rate which exceeds that required for the living matter to adapt to these changes. The result is the disruption of the existing parameters of the biological cycle, leading to the emergence of a significant number of endemic diseases of geochemical nature.The proposed approach was used to prove the anthropogenic genesis of existing geochemical endemic diseases and explain the mechanisms of their appearance. In addition, this approach allowed us to develop a new methodology for mapping zones of ecological and geochemical risk and noticeably simplify the procedure of monitoring distribution and prevention of all diseases of geochemical nature. 相似文献
- — evolution of the ecological and geochemical state of the environment under conditions of a virgin (anthropogenically untouched) biosphere;
- — structural features of the geochemical organization of the modern noosphere;
- — specificity of the interaction of living matter with the environment under increasing anthropogenic load.
17.
铀钍的地球化学及对地壳演化和生物进化的影响 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
本文论述了在含挥发份和贫挥发份条件下Ｕ、Ｔｈ的迁移行为及其对地球和行星演化的影响,并阐述了造成地球独特地质演化历史的原因。提出了Ｕ、Ｔｈ在地球中的迁移模式以及该模式对地壳形成、演化的控制作用和对生物发展演化的可能影响。 相似文献
18.
The experimental variogram computed in the usual way by the method of moments and the Haar wavelet transform are similar in that they filter data and yield informative summaries that may be interpreted. The variogram filters out constant values; wavelets can filter variation at several spatial scales and thereby provide a richer repertoire for analysis and demand no assumptions other than that of finite variance. This paper compares the two functions, identifying that part of the Haar wavelet transform that gives it its advantages. It goes on to show that the generalized variogram of order k=1, 2, and 3 filters linear, quadratic, and cubic polynomials from the data, respectively, which correspond with more complex wavelets in Daubechies's family. The additional filter coefficients of the latter can reveal features of the data that are not evident in its usual form. Three examples in which data recorded at regular intervals on transects are analyzed illustrate the extended form of the variogram. The apparent periodicity of gilgais in Australia seems to be accentuated as filter coefficients are added, but otherwise the analysis provides no new insight. Analysis of hyerpsectral data with a strong linear trend showed that the wavelet-based variograms filtered it out. Adding filter coefficients in the analysis of the topsoil across the Jurassic scarplands of England changed the upper bound of the variogram; it then resembled the within-class variogram computed by the method of moments. To elucidate these results, we simulated several series of data to represent a random process with values fluctuating about a mean, data with long-range linear trend, data with local trend, and data with stepped transitions. The results suggest that the wavelet variogram can filter out the effects of long-range trend, but not local trend, and of transitions from one class to another, as across boundaries. 相似文献
19.
B. K. Maloney 《GeoJournal》1993,31(4):355-362
While botanists, archaeologists, historians and linguists have contributed to the debate on the origin of the coconut pollen analysts have been silent. This article attempts to integrate the results of recent palaeoecological research with findings from the other disciplines. 相似文献
20.
利用卫星遥感影像,结合实地调查和测年结果,对共和盆地层状地貌系统进行了解译、分析。研究表明,共和盆地层状地貌系统由山麓剥蚀面、洪积扇面、盆地面以及黄河阶地面构成,其空间结构、物质组成对发生于早更新世早期的青藏运动C幕和中更新世末期的共和运动反映清晰。青藏运动C幕使青藏高原主夷平面在高原差异性隆升中彻底解体,垂直变形量高达1700m。共和运动使黄河在0.11Ma进入共和盆地,其后黄河平均以3.5mm/a的侵蚀速率下切盆地,同时在盆地边部的山前古冲洪积扇以大致相近的速率被抬升,最终导致高差在2000m左右的层状地貌系统的出现。 相似文献