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古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床找矿模型——以黔湘渝毗邻区南华纪“大塘坡式”锰矿为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
产于Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下、武陵次级裂谷盆地中的黔湘渝地区南华纪古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床已成为中国最重要的锰矿床类型。通过分析总结该类型矿床地质背景、南华纪早期构造古地理与矿床地质特征,基于古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床的成矿模式,总结建立了该类型锰矿床找矿模型:即以南华纪早期同沉积断层、Ⅳ级断陷盆地、两界河组及其中古天然气成因的白云岩透镜体存在与否、锰矿成矿地质体与大塘坡组厚度和裂谷盆地古天然气锰矿成矿系统中渗漏喷溢中心相、过渡相、边缘相等为主要地质标志建立地质找矿模型;以Ⅳ级、Ⅲ级断陷盆地中不同的Mn/Cr微量元素比值指标和δ~(34)S值在中心相、过渡相、边缘相判别指标建立地球化学找矿模型;以锰矿成矿地质体的低电阻率、高极化率与其上覆及下伏地层高电阻率、低极化率的物性差异特征,建立AMT地球物理间接找矿模型。项目团队运用建立的地质、地球化学和地球物理找矿模型,在黔东地区锰矿整装勘查实践检验中,已先后新发现了亚洲最大的松桃道坨和松桃普觉(西溪堡)两个隐伏超大型锰矿床,最近又新发现松桃桃子坪、高地两个超大型锰矿床,使黔东地区成为新的世界级锰矿资源富集区。古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床已成为继传统的海相沉积型、沉积变质型锰矿床之后,全球最重要的三大锰矿床类型之一。 相似文献
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在通过对大塘坡矿区所有钻孔原始资料以及野外地层剖面整理、分析研究的基础上,运用锰矿裂谷盆地古天然气渗漏沉积成矿系统理论关于中心相、过渡相和边缘相判别标志,在断陷盆地中心的渗漏喷溢口及附近,分布有大量的古天然气渗漏喷溢构造,如底劈构造、渗漏管构造、软沉积变形纹理等,特别是出现被沥青充填的气泡状构造的菱锰矿石是其关键标志。综合分析认为该矿区至少存在三个古天然气渗漏喷溢口,构成"一大两小"、十分罕见的古天然气渗漏喷溢口群。每一个喷溢口,即构成一个相对独立的古天然气渗漏喷溢沉积成矿系统,各自的中心相、过渡相和边缘相独立完整。故大塘坡锰矿床是形成于由三个古天然气渗漏喷溢沉积成矿子系统构成的一个统一的、复杂的古天然气渗漏喷溢沉积成矿系统。该发现对于研究古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床成矿系统成矿模式与找矿模型具有重要意义。 相似文献
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松桃杨家湾大型锰矿床是典型的"大塘坡式"锰矿床。该矿床是在上世纪80年代103队松桃黑水溪锰矿床外围找矿预测的基础上,历经5年(2006—2011年)的勘查实践,提交锰矿资源储量逾2 000万吨,结束了黔东地区当时没有大型锰矿床的历史。在对该矿床的矿床特征和构造古地理等特征分析研究的基础上,认为杨家湾锰矿床位于南华纪大塘坡早期北东65°70°方向展布的黑水溪-杨家湾狭长带状的Ⅳ级地堑盆地中。结合该矿床矮河溪一带发现有被沥青充填的气泡状构造和渗漏管构造等古天然气渗漏沉积构造分布特征,该矿床的成因类型与松桃大塘坡锰矿床一样,属典型的古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床。 相似文献
4.
黔东及毗邻地区南华纪锰矿成矿期构造主要为同沉积断层,该类型断层在成矿期十分发育,控制和形成了南华纪早期不同序次的次级裂谷盆地,同沉积断层的垂向发育形成了锰矿成矿通道,同沉积断层可作为古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床关键地质找矿标志,本文阐述了其主要判别特征。南华纪锰矿形成后,历经加里东运动、印支运动及燕山运动等构造运动,总体来说,该区构造格局主要是受到燕山运动影响形成。本文也讨论了研究区成矿后广泛发育且比较典型,对锰矿层保存与破坏有着较大影响的犁式正断层及其判别特征。 相似文献
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黔湘渝毗邻区南华纪“大塘坡式”锰矿是我国最重要的锰资源基地,现已发现沉积型菱锰矿上亿吨,占全国已探明锰矿资源量的50%左右.通过对南华纪地层系统和地层分区的研究,提出在Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下,南华裂谷盆地 (I级) 西段分别由武陵、雪峰次级裂谷盆地和其间的天柱-怀化隆起 (地垒)3个Ⅱ级构造单元构成.武陵次级裂谷盆地控制形成了黔渝湘毗邻区锰矿成矿带,内部由3个Ⅲ级断陷 (地堑) 盆地、2个Ⅲ级隆起 (地垒) 和至少16个Ⅳ级断陷 (地堑) 盆地组成.3个Ⅲ级断陷 (地堑) 盆地分别控制形成了松桃-古丈、玉屏-芷江以及溪口-小茶园锰矿成矿亚带.其中,松桃-古丈锰矿成矿亚带是武陵次级裂谷盆地的裂陷中心,锰矿成矿作用强烈,形成的锰矿资源量巨大,已成为世界级锰矿资源富集区之一.Ⅳ断陷 (地堑) 盆地则控制形成研究区各锰矿床;提出南华纪早期同沉积断层是锰矿床形成的前提,并识别恢复出研究区15条同沉积断层及所控制形成的断陷 (地堑) 盆地和主要锰矿床.同沉积断层不但是深部锰质和古天然气上升的通道,更是连接古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿成矿系统中地内系统与表层系统的纽带. 相似文献
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贵州铜仁松桃锰矿国家整装勘查区位于扬子地块东南缘的武陵山成矿带。著名的南华纪大塘坡早期(660-667 Ma)"大塘坡式"锰矿,形成于Rodinia超大陆裂解背景下的南华裂谷盆地。近年来,项目团队在该国家整装勘查区及黔渝湘毗邻区,通过长期的产学研协同攻关,厘清了锰矿大规模成矿作用的独特地质背景和构造古地理格架,发现了新的锰矿床类型——古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床,建立锰矿裂谷盆地古天然气渗漏成矿理论和深部隐伏矿找矿预测模型,圈定了若干找矿靶区。通过该整装勘查区的实践检验,累计投入各类勘查资金6亿多元,先后新发现了松桃西溪堡(普觉)、松桃道坨、松桃高地和松桃桃子坪四个隐伏超大型锰矿床。该整装勘查区新发现的超大型锰矿床数,占全球已发现超大型锰矿床总数约三分之一。新发现的锰矿资源量,超过了2011年全国锰矿保有资源量的总和,实现了我国有史以来锰矿找矿的最大突破,且锰矿找矿潜力依然巨大。使黔东成为中国锰矿资源最丰富的地区和新的世界级锰矿资源富集区。古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿床成为中国最重要的锰矿床类型,是继传统的海相沉积型、沉积变质型锰矿床类型之后,全球最重要的三大锰矿床类型之一。 相似文献
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黔湘渝毗邻区"大塘坡式"锰矿床具有世界上独特的成矿环境和机制，借助三维地质建模及可视化方式，可以直观而形象地进行研判.在系统分析和处理贵州松桃县超大型锰矿田及区域相关资料的基础上，利用QuantyMine三维矿业软件，分别构建了黔渝湘毗邻区的南华纪早期武陵次级裂谷盆地原型、古天然气渗漏沉积型锰矿田、松桃县大塘坡典型锰矿床等3个不同尺度的三维地质模型，科学地表达了该超大型锰矿独特成矿环境，揭示了成矿机理和赋存状况，为该类型的矿床研究和成矿预测提供了新的手段. 相似文献
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松桃地区南华纪锰矿研究现状及进展综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黔东地区地处扬子板块东南缘与江南造山带的结合部位。受新元古代Rod inia超大陆裂解作用,在华南形成了新元古代被动陆缘裂谷盆地,呈北东—北北东向展布的断裂系控制了该区南华纪早期菱锰矿沉积盆地的分布。本文就该区锰矿床分布特征及成因研究进展方面进行简述,最后提出寻找"大塘坡式"锰矿的标志:冷泉碳酸盐岩。 相似文献
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Manganese was extracted from leaching low-grade manganese ore in sulfuric acid medium. The effects of granule diameter, leaching time, liquid/solid ratio (V/W) and the concentration of sulfuric acid were investigated through orthogonal and single factor experiments. The experimental results showed that the optimal leaching conditions are, size of 0.054mm, 120 minutes of reaction time, 3(V/W) of liquid/solid ratio and 30% of the concentration of sulfuric acid (g/g). Under those conditions, the leaching efficiency is 96.73%. The kinetics of the leaching process is in accordance with the characteristics of fractal reaction. 相似文献
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利用锰矿山现有初级产品MnSO4.H2O低成本制备锰钾矿型八面体分子筛。在液相环境中MnSO4和KOH反应生成Mn(OH)2沉淀后,在溶解氧和OH-的参与下,生成K型水钠锰矿,在高温下发生结构的调整转化为锰钾矿。通过实验获得的最佳条件为:在500mL反应体系中用0.2M的MnSO4.H2O与1M的KOH在室温环境中、通空气流量为30L/min、振荡搅拌转速为100r/min的条件下反应3h,离心洗涤至pH=12,样品干燥后在600℃下煅烧1h。为大规模开展锰矿山产品的深加工提供了重要的实验依据。 相似文献
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Manganese nodules and manganese carbonate concretions occur in the upper 10–15 cm of the Recent sediments of Loch Fyne, Argyllshire in water depths of 180–200 m. The nodules are spherical, a few mm to 3 cm in diameter, and consist of a black, Mn-rich core and a thin, red, Fe-rich rim. The carbonate occurs as irregular concretions, 0.5–8 cm in size, and as a cement in irregular nodule and shell fragment aggregates. It partially replaces some nodule material and clastic silicate inclusions, but does not affect aragonitic and calcitic shell fragments.The nodules are approximately 75% pure oxides and contain 30% Mn and 4% Fe. In the cores, the principal mineral phase is todorokite, with a Mn/Fe ratio of 17. The rim consists of X-ray amorphous Fe and Mn oxides with a Mn/Fe ratio of 0.66. The cores are enriched, relative to Al, in K, Ba, Co, Mo, Ni and Sr while the rims contain more P, Ti, As, Pb, Y and Zn.The manganese carbonate has the composition (Mn47.7 Ca45.1 Mg7.2) CO3. Apart from Cu, all minor elements are excluded from significant substitution in the carbonate lattice.Manganese nodules and carbonates form diagenetically within the Recent sediments of Loch Fyne. This accounts for the high Mn/Fe ratios in the oxide phases and the abundance of manganese carbonate concretions. Mn concentrations in the interstitial waters of sediment cores are high (ca. 10 ppm) as also, by inference, are the dissolved carbonate concentrations. 相似文献
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F. V. Chukhrov A. I. Gorshkov V. V. Beresovskaya A. V. Sivtsov 《Mineralium Deposita》1979,14(3):249-261
The formation of authigenic manganese minerals and ores in the pelagic regions of the ocean is related to oxidation of Mn2+ extracted from basalts and other rocks with heated seawater. For littoral parts of the ocean and lakes mobilization of Mn2+ and Fe2+ is admitted finding its way to the bottom sediments (along with the organic substances) from land in the form of Mn4+. The main manganese mineral of oceanic and continental basins is vernadite. Its deposition is considered a result of the activity of microorganisms. 相似文献
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与火山活动有关的热水沉积锰矿——以贵州二叠纪锰矿为例 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
贵州产于中二叠统茅口组第二段的锰矿、铁锰矿、含锰菱铁矿,均分布在茅口晚期黔中台沟内。东部遵义一带为碳酸盐锰矿床,西部宣威—水城一带主要为锰帽型次生氧化锰矿床。笔者目的在于探讨黔中台沟锰矿成矿条件,以期扩大找矿远景。研究表明,区内各类锰矿石和矿胚层岩石都是在热水中生成的,证据是：①有大量热水沉积的标志性矿物;②常量、微量元素及稀土元素均具有热水沉积的特征;③流体包裹体均一温度达90～275℃等。锰矿的形成可能与峨眉地幔柱演化的中晚期阶段密切相关。茅口期玄武岩的喷出活动,有利于黔中台沟内硅灰泥锰质组合的形成。东部遵义一带的锰矿,被严格限制在热水喷发形成的硅质角砾岩分布区内,结合其他特征等,说明该区锰矿形成可能与强烈的热水活动有关。 相似文献
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《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):559-569
The author attempts to break the traditional opinion about the origin of Chiatura deposit and suggests that this deposit was formed by hot springs during early Oligocene time following the decline of upper Eocene volcanic activity. He concludes that the manganese deposit of Chiatura is of exhalative-sedimentary type. — E. A. Alexandrov. 相似文献
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Manganese at equilibrium in seawater occurs dominantly as Mn2+ and inorganic complexes at a concentration ratio of about 1:0.72; solubility decreases exponentially with increasing pH or Eh. However, the nodule oxides birnessite and todorokite are at least four orders of magnitude undersaturated relative to the Mn concentrations of seawater, and are metastable relative to hausmannite and manganite. This apparent lack of equilibrium is explicable by the mechanism of precipitation.Surfaces assist Mn precipitation by catalyzing equilibration between dissolved and reactive O2 and simultaneously also by adsorbing ionic Mn species. The effective Eh at the surface becomes 200–400 mV above that of seawater; the oxidation rate of Mn increases about 108 ×, and the activation energies for Mn oxidation decrease ~ 11.5 kcal/mole. Consequently, marine Mn nodules and crusts form by adsorption and catalytic oxidation of Mn2+ and ferrous ions at nucleating surfaces such as sea-floor silicates, oxyhydroxides, carbonates, phosphates and biogenic debris. The resulting ferromanganese surfaces autocatalyze further growth. In addition, Mn-fixing bacteria may also significantly accelerate accretion rates on these surfaces.Mn which accumulates in submarine sediments may be diagenetically recycled in response to steep solubility gradients causing upward migration from more acidic and reducing horizons toward the sea floor. In contrast, the concentrations of the predominant ferric complexes, Fe(OH)30 and Fe(OH)4?, are relatively less sensitive to the Eh's and pH's found in this environment; Fe is therefore not as readily recycled within buried sediments. Consequently, Fe is not so effectively enriched on the sea floor, although it precipitates more readily than Mn because seawater is saturated in amorphous Fe(OH)3.The metastable, perhaps kinetically-related, Mn oxides of nodules have a characteristic distribution: birnessite predominates in oxidizing environments of low sedimentation rate and todorokite where sedimentation rates and diagenetic Mn mobility are higher. Surface adsorption and cation substitution within the disordered birnessite-todorokite structure account for the high trace element content of Mn nodules. 相似文献
18.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1172-1196
The article discusses characteristics of manganese accumulation in lacustrine deposits of the northern forest zone and in lakes of the Baltic shield, in marginal seas of the Arctic basin, and in pelagic regions of the Indian, Atlantic, and especially the Pacific Ocean. Chemical differentiation of elements is complicated by increasing integration of iron and manganese in sediments during the process of diagenesis.--E. A. Alexandrov. 相似文献
19.
Ammonia-ammonium leaching of samples of nodules from several different locations was carried out after reduction of the nodules under gas mixtures at 400, 600, and 800°C. In accordance with thermodynamic analysis, nickel, copper and cobalt oxides in the nodules are preferentially reduced with a gas mixture of . After an initial reduction step with at 600°C, leaching at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with aqueous ammonia-ammonium carbonate and ammonia-ammonium sulfate solutions yielded high extractions of copper and nickel (> 80%), and close to 50% for cobalt. The nature of the pores in nodules from different locations appears to affect the extraction process. A lower reduction temperature is required to obtain the same extraction of nickel, copper and cobalt in a sulfate system than is necessary in a carbonate system. However, a higher manganese content results in the sulfate leaching solutions as compared to the carbonate system, where essentially none of the manganese and iron are extracted. 相似文献
20.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(10):1084-1092