共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
为了系统研究和比较我国产区的一些海水和淡水贝壳珍珠层的物相和元素成分,我们采集了2种淡水育珠三角帆蚌壳和8种海水贝壳,其中4种是海水育珠马氏珠母贝壳,另4种是其它海水贝壳,并进行预处理以制备其贝壳珍珠层。然后使用X射线衍射、氨基酸分析、原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱法对贝壳珍珠层进行分析。结果表明这10种贝壳珍珠层的矿物物相都十分简单,主要由文石组成,仅含少量的方解石,并且它们的物相成分无明显的差别,难以通过X射线衍射（XRD）分析技术加以鉴定。与其它4种海水贝壳珍珠层相比,马氏珠母贝和三角帆蚌壳珍珠层的氨基酸含量明显大些。各种贝壳珍珠层的微量元素Na、Pb、Hg、As、Cu、Se、Cr、Mn的含量,与其品种基本无关,但可能与其生长的水环境有关。 相似文献
2.
采用同步辐射微区X射线荧光光谱技术,探测古铜色日本马氏贝珍珠剖面(珠核与珍珠层)的元素分布。测试结果表明,样品中主要含有Ca、Sr、Ba等3种碱土金属元素,Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn等4种3d过渡金属元素以及稀土元素,各元素在珍珠中表现出一定的空间分布规律:珠核表面稀土元素浓度最高,珍珠层和珠核的稀土元素浓度大致相当;Mn和Fe元素浓度自珠核浅表层向珠核表面有降低趋势;珍珠层内Mn和Fe元素浓度都出现大幅降低现象,且是在相同的圈层降低,显示其具有一定正相关性,推测二者大幅降低的圈层是平行层和棱柱层的分界,且Mn元素主要赋存于棱柱层;Ca与Sr、Ba元素的分布具有负相关性。 相似文献
3.
中国海水珍珠Mg、Fe、Zn和Mn含量变化及其对珍珠微观结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP)对流沙湾优劣质珍珠中微量金属元素含量进行分析,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对两种珍珠的外表面与纵截面进行系统观察,采用785 nm激发波长对两珍珠的珍珠质层和棱柱层中无机相进行原位拉曼光谱测试。结果表明:劣质珍珠中Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn和P含量比优质珠高,珍珠层外表面文石晶体有序排列程度低;阶梯状珍珠层越致密、台阶厚度越薄,其珍珠质量越好。同一直径的珍珠,优质珍珠文石板片厚度较劣质珍珠薄,劣质珍珠棱柱层结构疏松,棱柱层比优质珠厚,劣质珠棱柱层中的方解石与杂质层影响了珍珠正常矿化过程。 相似文献
4.
海水及淡水养殖珍珠的物质组成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用偏光显微镜、X射线粉晶衍射仪、傅利叶红外光谱仪、电子顺磁共振谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、原子吸收光谱仪等测定了淡水珍珠、海水珍珠及部分贝壳的矿物及化学组成.研究表明: 珍珠矿物组成单一, 主要由文石构成, 仅含少量球文石或方解石; 淡水珍珠明显富含Mn, 而海水珍珠中明显富含Na、K、Mg、Sr; 这种富集特征与淡水、海水中元素的富集特征相似.此外, 各颜色品种之间化学成分也存在微小的差异, 白色珍珠比有色珍珠更纯净, 所含铁、锰、铬等致色元素更低.紫色珍珠略富含Mg、Mn, 橙色者明显富含Fe, 而黑色海水珍珠的颜色可能与有机组分有关. 相似文献
5.
贝壳珍珠层的研究与应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
珍珠不仅是宝石材料,更重要的是不可多得的有机与无机相结合的典型复合材料。有机物和矿物体系的结构、功能、发展和演化是新型复合材料发展和研究的新方向,对此人们已经做了许多工作。珍珠是由贝体外套膜中的珍珠囊分泌的珍珠质沉积而成,而贝壳是直接由外套膜分泌产生的,二者的成分和结构非常相似。鉴于此,近年来人们在对珍珠综合开发利用的同时,增加了对贝壳的研究,以期在利用方面以廉价的贝壳替代价值昂贵的珍珠,达到节约和开发并举的目的。１ 贝壳珍珠层的成分１－１ 元素组成孙家美等［１］曾用Ｘ射线荧光光谱仪法对２５种海… 相似文献
6.
本文以贵州董哥洞岩壁分离出沉积Fe3 的菌株,在室内模拟铁细菌引起的沉积过程,探讨了细菌在洞穴含铁沉积物形成过程中的机制。结果表明,铁细菌对数生长期结束后,实验体系中的铁、钙开始沉积,且在约4h之内Fe3 和Ca2 的浓度降低至接近零。通过比较铁细菌作用后的岩石样品与未经微生物作用的岩石样品的X射线衍射和X射线荧光探针图谱,发现不论经过细菌作用与否,岩石样品中的元素和矿物成分均相同,主要元素均为Ca、Fe、Mn、Mg、P、Si和Al,矿物成分都有方解石、纤铁矿和粘土矿物。结合洞穴环境条件分析,指出细菌能够富集洞穴渗水中的铁离子,其生物成矿作用形成铁矿物和非晶质铁壳覆盖于洞穴沉积物表面,改变了洞穴沉积物的色泽。 相似文献
7.
应用傅里叶变换红外光谱与紫外可见吸收光谱鉴别两类海水养殖灰色珍珠 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Akoya珍珠属生物矿化有机宝玉石,该类珍珠的矿物组成与微结构分析、定性与其颜色形成属性的鉴定方法尚为缺乏。本文通过光学显微镜、紫外可见吸收光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、能量色散X射线荧光光谱对具有白色或灰色珠核的两类Akoya灰色珍珠的珍珠层与珠核的结构特征及显色机制、紫外吸收光谱、微量金属元素赋存特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:①灰色珍珠的珠核有白色与灰色两类,两类珍珠的直径主要分布在5～9mm,珍珠层厚度约300～500μm;②两类珍珠的珍珠层和珠核的主体矿物组成均为生物文石,且两者的珍珠层中均富Sr贫Mn。③灰色的珠核具有明显的富Mn特征,且由于辐照使得Mn元素的价态升高并使得珠核致灰色,并导致整个珍珠呈现灰色;④紫外可见吸收光谱检测中,一般而言具有白色珠核的灰色珍珠在300～400nm波段可见明显的反射带,而具有灰色珠核的灰色珍珠在400～500nm波段可见明显的反射带。两类灰色珍珠皆为海水养殖珍珠,研究表明这两类珍珠的紫外吸收光谱的差异可作为初步评判灰色系珍珠是否经辐照改色的依据之一。 相似文献
8.
采用X荧光能谱技术研究珍珠中微量元素的种类及其质量分数,以达到无损鉴别淡水珍珠和海水珍珠的目的。利用X射线荧光能谱仪优选适合的激发工作条件,通过设定相同的工作条件,获得珍珠主量元素和微量元素的能量色散图谱,定性分析其主量元素和微量元素的组合关系。其中,Mn的特征峰与Sr/Ca计数比率对鉴别珍珠品种有重要的指示意义。研究表明,在电压为30～35kV、电流为0.50～0.80mA、滤光片PdThick的测试条件下,淡水珍珠一般具有Ca＋Sr＋Mn的组合关系,海水珍珠具有Ca＋Sr的组合关系;淡水珍珠中的Sr/Ca介于0.14～0.37,海水珍珠中的Sr/Ca介于0.46～0.71。综合利用元素的组合关系和Sr/Ca计数比率,可快捷、无损地鉴别珍珠品种。 相似文献
9.
对取自南海西北陆缘海域的大型多金属结核进行了电子探针、X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS) 和等离子光谱仪(ICP-AES) 等方面的分析.结核核心部位的主要矿物组成为石英、伊利石、钠长石和绿泥石, 壳层的主要矿物为δMnO2等.铁、锰组分呈现Fe含量高、Mn含量低和Mn/Fe低的特征.Si含量高, Cu、Co、Ni含量低; 稀土元素(REE) 含量高, 平均为1472.30×10-6, 轻稀土与重稀土的比值(LREE/HREE) 达19.54, 并且存在较强的Ce正异常.元素含量的变化显示: 从结核内壳层到外壳层, Fe、Mn、Cu、Co等元素含量呈不规律变化, 具有典型的边缘海特征, 该特征反映结核在形成过程中受到边缘海沉积环境波动变化的影响, 陆源物质供应量的增加对Fe、REE、Si等元素的富集起到了促进作用, 而对Mn、Ca等元素的富集则产生明显的稀释作用.多金属结核Mn/Fe比及Mn-Fe- (Cu+Ni) ×10三组分图解显示, 南海北部陆缘多金属结核为水成成因, 该成因与结核所赋存的边缘海环境密切相关, 反映了结核成长发育的过程中, 南海典型的边缘海沉积条件和多变的古海洋环境因素对其产生了重要影响. 相似文献
10.
11.
The chemistry of suspended matter in Esthwaite Water,a biologically productive lake with seasonally anoxic hypolimnion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ten detailed vertical water column profiles were taken between April and November, 1979, in Esthwaite Water (English Lake district), a lake with high biological productivity and a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion. Measurements of the major-element particle composition (organic C, P, S, Si, Al, Ti, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Ba) and hydrochemical constituents (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total suspended load, dissolved Fe, Mn, P, and Ba) were carried out. These have revealed new information about the mechanisms and kinetics of biogeochemical cycles in a lake.Pronounced seasonal cycles exist in which large excess concentrations (those unsupported by detrital components) of particulate organic C, Fe, Mn, P, S, Mg, K, Ba, and Ca are being generated and lost in situ in the water column (15m deep). In the epilimnion these elements (excepting Fe and Mn) are incorporated into the organic components of growing phytoplankton during the spring and summer. Simultaneously, in the hypolimnion there is a build-up and then a decrease in the excess concentrations of particulate C, P, S, Mg, K, Ba and Ca; this cycle is due to the indirect involvement of these elements with the iron redox cycle. As the hypolimnion becomes anoxic, dissolved ferrous Fe is released from the sediments and large concentrations of excess particulate iron (III) oxides accumulate; these oxides act as adsorbing substrates for the above mentioned elements. As conditions become more reducing, these same elements are solubilized as the iron (III) oxide particles are reduced to dissolved ferrous iron.Adsorption equations are derived from the field data which relate the concentration of excess particulate Fe to those of POC, P, S, Ca, Mg, Ba, and K. At the last stages of anoxia (before the lake overturns) large populations of bacteria and the formation of iron sulfide particles control the concentrations of excess particulate C, S, P, Mg, K, and Ca. 相似文献
12.
Frequent sampling during an annual cycle of dissolved(<0.45 m) and suspended (>0.45 m) elementshas been conducted in the Kafue River at Raglan'sFarm, upstream from the mining activities within theCopperbelt Province, Zambia. Additional sampling ofsediment and interstitial pore water was conductedduring low water discharge. The presence of carbonateswithin the drainage basin naturally gives rise to highelement concentrations in the dissolved phase(Ca = 626, Mg = 494, Na = 360 and K = 24 mmol l-1).During the rainy season the relative composition ofthe dissolved elements indicated a wash out ofaccumulated weathering products and mineralisedorganic material from the unsaturated zone of the soilprofile. High concentrations of dissolved Al, Fe andMn were measured during high water discharge. At lowwater discharge the sediment was a major source of Fe,Mn and associated Co and Cu to the water column.Enhanced concentrations of dissolved and suspended S,Co and Cu during the rainy season indicated thatatmospheric deposited particles from the mining areawere washed out into the river. Autochthonousformation of particles rich in Si indicated diatomproduction during low water discharge. 相似文献
13.
Since 1982, estimated amounts of 9,400 t, 15,000 kg, 720 kg and 105 kg of Si, Fe, As and Cs respectively have accumulated at the bottom of 18 evaporation ponds as part of the geothermal production cycle at Los Azufres. This accumulation is caused by precipitation of brine solutes during the evaporation of 10% of the total pond water volume before its re-injection into the reservoir. Extraction experiments with pond precipitates and geochemical simulations with the PHREEQC program indicate the high solubility of most precipitates under natural environmental conditions. The comparisons with the primary brine composition indicate that less than 1% of most dissolved brine solutes, except for Co, Cu, Mn, Pb, Ag, Fe and Si, are accumulated at the pond bottom. Arsenic has maximum values of 160 mg/kg in the pond sediments, and Mo, Hg and Tl also exceed international environmental standards for contaminated soils. Elevated concentrations and the mobility potential of several metals and non-metals require the application of remediation techniques for the final disposal of the sediments in the future. 相似文献
14.
Alan M. Shiller Joris M. Gieskes N. Brian Price 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(5):1239-1249
Particulate Fe and Mn may be important trace metal scavengers in the water column as well as being probable indicators of biologically mediated redox processes. A study has been made of suspended particulate composition in the Santa Barbara Basin, a shallow near-shore basin off southern California with sub-oxic conditions below sill depth. Observations have revealed several interesting phenomena relating to the geochemistry of Fe and Mn. Most striking is a profound enrichment of particulate Fe in samples from the bottom two hundred meters. These particulates have a constant Fe/P mole ratio of about three and may originate at the sediment-water interface or may be transported to the basin from local marshes. For particulate Mn, enrichments are observed both in the sub-sill waters and near the base of the euphotic zone. A consideration of particle removal rates suggests that the sub-photic zone enrichment has a biogenic origin. In the sub-sill waters, enrichment in Mn is apparently due to the precipitation of dissolved Mn diffusing from the anoxic basin sediments. A simple mass balance suggests that most of the Mn lost from the sediments is transported from the Santa Barbara Basin in dissolved form. 相似文献
15.
The accumulation of selenium in evaporation basins (or ponds) in the San Joaquin Valley, California is of a great concern due to its potential hazards to environments. In this study, the accumulation, speciation and concentrations of Se were examined in waters as well as sediments in a system of the evaporation ponds. A significant decrease in the total dissolved Se concentration in Cell 1 in which drainage water with higher Se concentration was pumped from Inlet Channels indicated that the immobilization of Se was active in the Cell 1 and resulted in the higher Se concentration in sediments compared to the terminal cell such as Cell 9. The percentage of reduced Se species such as selenite [Se(IV)] and org-Se of total Se in drainage waters was also found increased in Cell 1 compared to Inlet Channels. The total dissolved Se concentrations in water along flow paths from Cell 1 were relatively constant except for terminal cells such as Cells 9 and 10, which showed higher total dissolved Se concentrations due to evapoconcentration. The percentage of reduced Se forms of total Se was inversely proportional to the percentage of Se(VI) depending on the redox condition of evaporation ponds along the flow paths. Sequential extractions of Se species in sediments indicated that organic associated Se and elemental Se were prevalent forms in sediments in the ponds system. The higher concentrations of elemental Se and organic associated Se in sediments in Cell 1 indicated that the immobilization of Se was active in the sediments compared to Cell 9, while the percentage of both fractions of total Se in sediments in Cells 1 and 9 was relatively constant. The organic materials from algae might provide carbon sources for Se reduction and Se sink in sediments in its elemental and organic associated forms. 相似文献
16.
通过描述Fe、Mn在水库中的氧化还原变化、吸附、解吸、沉降及再悬浮,考虑水流运动对Fe、Mn迁移变化的影响,研制了水库三维水动力模式及三维Fe、Mn迁移变化模式,从而建立了完整的水库三维Fe、Mn迁移分布模拟模型。该模型在阿哈水库实际运用效果良好。模拟结果表明,水库水流运动整体流速较小,Fe、Mn在水库中平行迁移运动缓慢。进入水库的Fe、Mn负荷大量沉入库底,在水体缺氧条件下,底质中Fe、Mn重新释放,形成明显的Fe、Mn分布垂直梯度,造成水库下层Fe、Mn大大超过国家生活饮用水质量标准。 相似文献
17.
Water and bed sediment samples collected from the Damodar River and its tributaries were analysed to study elemental chemistry
and suspended load characteristics of the river basin. Na and Ca are the dominant cations and HCO3 is the dominant anion. The water chemistry of the Damodar River basin strongly reflects the dominance of continental weathering
aided by atmospheric and anthropogenic activities in the catchment area. High concentrations of SO4 and PO4 at some sites indicate the mining and anthropogenic impact on water quality. The high concentration of dissolved silica,
relatively high (Na+K)/TZ+ ratio (0.2–0.4) and low equivalent ratio of (Ca+Mg)/(Na+K) indicate that dissolved ions contribute significantly to the weathering
of aluminosilicate minerals of crystalline rocks. The seasonal data show a minimum ionic concentration in the monsoon season,
reflecting the influence of atmospheric precipitation on total dissolved solids contents. The suspended sediments show a positive
correlation with discharge and both discharge and suspended load reach their maximum value during the monsoon season. Kaolinite
is the mineral that is possibly in equilibrium with the water. This implies that the chemistry of the Damodar River water
favours kaolinite formation. The concentration of heavy metals in the finer size fraction (<37 μ m) is significantly higher
than the bulk composition. The geoaccumulation index values calculated for Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Cr are well below zero, suggesting
that there is no pollution from these metals in Damodar River sediments.
Received: 21 January 1998 · Accepted: 4 May 1998 相似文献
18.
19.
S. Huang 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(1):65-39
Elemental composition of the particle flux at the Oceanic Flux Program (OFP) time-series site off Bermuda was measured from January 2002 to March 2005. Eighteen elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, Ba and Pb) in sediment trap material from 500, 1500 and 3200 m depths were quantified using fusion-HR-ICPMS. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to elucidate sources, elemental associations and processes that affect geochemical behavior in the water column.Results provide evidence for intense elemental cycling between the sinking flux material and the dissolved and suspended pools within mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters. Biological processing and remineralization rapidly deplete the sinking flux material in organic matter and associated elements (N, P, Cd, Zn) between 500 and 1500 m depth. Suspended particle aggregation, authigenic mineral precipitation, and chemical scavenging enriches the flux material in lithogenic minerals, barite and redox sensitive elements (Mn, Co, V, Fe). A large increase in the flux of lithogenic elements is observed with depth and confirms that the northeast Sargasso is a significant sink for advected continental materials, likely supplied via Gulf Stream circulation.PMF resolved major sources that contribute to sinking flux at all depths (carbonate, high-Mg carbonate, opal, organic matter, lithogenic material, and barite) as well as additional depth-specific elemental associations that contribute about half of the compositional variability in the flux. PMF solutions indicate close geochemical associations of barite-opal, Cd-P, Zn-Co, Zn-Pb and redox sensitive elements in the sinking flux material at 500 m depth. Major reorganizations of element associations occur as labile carrier phases break down and elements redistribute among new carrier phases deeper in the water column.Factor scores show strong covariation and similar temporal phasing among the three trap depths and indicate a tight coupling in particle flux compositional variability throughout the water column. Seasonality in flux composition is primarily driven by dilution of the lithogenic component with freshly-produced biogenic material during the late winter primary production maximum. Temporal trends in scores reveal subtle non-seasonal changes in flux composition occurring on month long timescales. This non-seasonal variability may be driven by changes in the biogeochemical properties of intermediate water masses that pass through the region and which affect rates of chemical scavenging and/or aggregation within the water column. 相似文献
20.
A. L. Ramanathan P. Vaithiyanathan V. Subramanian B. K. Das 《Estuaries and Coasts》1993,16(3):459-474
Major ion chemistry of water and elemental geochemistry of suspended and surficial sediments collected from the Cauvery Estuary were studied to understand the geochemical processes in this tropical estuarine system. Specific conductance (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended matter (TSM) increased conservatively with increasing chlorinity. In general, SO4 2?, Na, K, Ca, and Mg showed an increasing trend while H4SiO4 and PO4 3? showed a decreasing trend toward the sea. Additional removal mechanisms operating for these ions in the Cauvery Estuary have been identified based on observed concentrations. Factor analysis pointed out the sources contributing to the observed trends in estuarine water chemistry. POC and PON decreased toward the high chlorinity zone. TSM in the Cauvery Estuary were mostly of inorganic nature. Stable carbon isotope values showed that the carbon was equally of marine and terrestrial origin and helped to delineate the contribution of river water and seawater. The ? mean size (a logarithmic grain size scale commonly used by sedimentologists) indicated that the surficial sediments were primarily comprised of coarse and silt, whereas suspended sediments were principally silt and clay. Suspended sediments were enriched in clays compared to surficial sediments. Quartz and feldspar were abundant among detritals while chlorite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite were dominant among clays. Silicon was the most abundant element in the sediments followed by Al, Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mn, and P. Heavy metals were enriched in the suspended sediments compared to the surficial bottom sediments as follows: Fe = 3.5, Mn = 7.4, Pb = 1.1, Zn = 15.2, Cu = 7.4, and Cr = 4.0. The levels of Cd, Cr, Zn, and Fe increased up the middle reaches and then decreased toward the sea due to urban effluent and fertilizer input. Size fractionation studies indicated that the metal concentration in the finer fraction was 50% higher by mass than the coarse silt and fine silt fractions. Chemical fractionation studies showed that the abundance of metals were in the order of residual > organic/sulfide > carbonate > Fe/Mn oxide > exchangeable fractions. 相似文献