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1.
青海共和盆地周缘印支期花岗岩类的成因及其构造意义   总被引：8，自引：12，他引：8  
本文对青海共和盆地周缘印支期黑马河岩体、温泉岩体、大河坝岩体和同仁岩体花岗闪长岩进行了主量元素、微量元素和 Pb-Sr-Nd 同位素地球化学研究,并对黑马河岩体和温泉岩体进行皓石 U-Pb LA-ICP-MS 年代学研究。结果表明, 黑马河岩体的岩浆结晶年龄为235±2Ma,属印支早期,而温泉岩体的岩浆结晶年龄为218±2Ma,属印支晚期。这些印支期花岗闪长岩的 SiO_2=63.34～68.06%,K_2O/Na_2O=0.82～1.36,岩石均为准铝质(A/CNK=0.9～1.0),并属中钾到高钾钙碱性岩系。它们总体上具有相似的微量元素组成特征,并有着极为相似的稀土元素组成模式,(La/Yb)_N 值主要介于10～15之间,存在微弱到中等程度的负 Eu 异常(Eu/Eu~*=0.5～0.8)。岩石初始 Sr 同位素比值 I_(Sr)=0.70701-0.70952,ε_(Nd)(t)=-3.8到-8.4,指示它们的岩浆物质主要来自于地壳物质的部分熔融。这些岩石以高放射成因 Pb 同位素组成为特征,其全岩初始 Pb同位素比值为:(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb)_t=18.068～18.748、(~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb)_t=15.591～15.649、(~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb)_t=38.167～38.554。地球化学特征指示共和盆地周缘印支期花岗岩类的原岩为下地壳变玄武岩类,并且这类原岩可能派生于元古宙富集地幔,但在不同区段,下地壳变玄武岩类存在着一定程度化学组成的不均一性。根据花岗岩类对深部地壳物质的地球化学示踪及其区域对比,共和盆地周缘的西秦岭、柴达木(包括东昆仑)和欧龙布鲁克块体具有统一的地壳基底组成,并具有扬子型块体的构造属性。结合区域地质背景的分析,共和盆地周缘印支早期花岗岩类(以黑马河岩体为代表)可能形成于俯冲陆壳断离的地球动力学背景,而印支晚期花岗岩类(以温泉岩体为代表)形成于中央造山带在地壳加厚作用后岩石圈拆沉作用的地球动力学背景。  相似文献   

2.
岳永君 《地球学报》1993,14(3):67-78
大兴安岭南段原划海西期的新林镇-西耳子岩体和从原划燕山期的朝阳沟岩体中分解出来的水泉沟岩体分别为印支早期和印支晚期花岗岩。新林镇-西耳子岩体东西两侧岩性差异较大，东部为中粒黑云母花岗岩，西部为中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩，岩石地球化学方面该岩体以SiO2含量变化大、标准矿物刚玉含量低或出现Di分子、轻稀土强烈富集、Eu异常很弱为特征，为早印支期造山作用期间下地壳火成物质部分熔融形成的I型花岗岩。水泉沟岩体主要由粗粒黑云母花岗岩组成，与新林镇-西耳子岩体比较，该岩体在岩相学方面表现出石英、钾长石的增多，斜长石的减少，在岩石地球化学方面表现为SiO2含量、碱度升高，Al2O2、CaO含量降低，Eu丰度降低．其他稀土元素丰度升高，LREE富集程度降低，Sr及过渡金属元素丰度降低，Rb丰度升高，这些规律性变化表明：印支晚期水泉沟岩体为印支早期岩浆经斜长石分离结晶的产物。  相似文献   

3.
岳永君 《地球学报》1994,15(1):67-78
大兴安岭南段原划海西期的新林镇-西耳子岩体和从原划燕山期的朝阳沟岩体中分解出来的水泉沟岩体分别为印支早期和印支晚期花岗岩。新林镇-西耳子岩体东西两侧岩性差异较大，东部为中粒黑云母花岗岩，西部为中细粒黑云母花岗闪长岩，岩石地球化学方面该岩体以SiO2含量变化大、标准矿物刚玉含量低或出现Di分子、轻稀土强烈富集、Eu异常很弱为特征，为早印支期造山作用期间下地壳火成物质部分熔融形成的I型花岗岩。水泉沟岩体主要由粗粒黑云母花岗岩组成，与新林镇-西耳子岩体比较，该岩体在岩相学方面表现出石英、钾长石的增多，斜长石的减少，在岩石地球化学方面表现为SiO2含量、碱度升高，Al2O2、CaO含量降低，Eu丰度降低．其他稀土元素丰度升高，LREE富集程度降低，Sr及过渡金属元素丰度降低，Rb丰度升高，这些规律性变化表明：印支晚期水泉沟岩体为印支早期岩浆经斜长石分离结晶的产物。  相似文献   

4.
对湖南中生代邓阜仙岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石学、岩石地球化学分析。获得斑状黑云母花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为225.1±1.2Ma,表明其形成于晚三叠世,结合已发表的岩体年龄资料,邓阜仙岩体是侵位于印支期(222.9~225.7Ma)和燕山期(151.1~159Ma)的复式岩体。邓阜仙岩体印支期、燕山期花岗岩均具有高的SiO_2含量、高的A/CNK值,含过铝质白云母、堇青石等矿物。富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U,明显亏损Nb、Ba、Sr、Ti,稀土元素配分模式为右倾,轻稀土元素富集,Eu亏损相对明显。邓阜仙岩体具低的ε_(Nd)(t)值,~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf值小于球粒陨石的值。综上认为,邓阜仙岩体印支期、燕山期为S型花岗岩,源区分别为古元古代地壳贫粘土质岩石、富粘土质岩石部分熔融。研究区印支期、燕山期花岗岩均形成于伸展构造体制下,印支期花岗岩形成于印支运动碰撞后的伸展环境,燕山期花岗岩则在太平洋板块俯冲消减作用下形成。  相似文献   

5.
针对湖南歇马、沩山和粤西那蓬3个印支期花岗岩体系统的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明:湖南的歇马岩体(214.1±5.9Ma)、沩山岩体黑云母二长花岗岩(210.3±4.7Ma)和粤西那蓬岩体(206.0±1.8Ma),具有相似的印支期形成年龄。结合华南内部印支期花岗岩、及其他构造-热年代学资料认为:华南内陆形成于210Ma左右印支晚期花岗岩与形成于230～245Ma的印支早期的花岗岩具有形似的形成构造背景和成因,即华南内陆整个印支期花岗岩的形成可能与挤压构造背景下陆内地壳物质叠置加厚作用有关。这一研究为深入理解华南印支期花岗岩的时空分布及其动…  相似文献   

6.
王仙岭岩体位于湘东南,形成于晚三叠世,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩组成。岩石高硅、高钾、富碱,SiO2含量为70.99%～75.93%;K2O含量平均为4.32%;Na2O K2O为5.10%～8.67%;K2O/Na2O平均为2.09。A/CNK比值为1.07～2.44,KN/A比值为0.37～0.86,属高钾钙碱性系列强过铝质花岗岩类。REE含量低,平均为90.19μg/g;δEu值0.23～0.38;(La/Yb)N值为6.17～14.1;具Ba、Nb、Sr和Ti负异常。ISr值为0.72074,εSr(t)值为30,εNd(t)值为-12.0,t2DM为1.97Ga。源岩成分的A/MF-C/MF图解判别显示为碎屑岩。结合区域岩石圈结构,上述特征表明花岗岩源岩应为中地壳结晶片岩、片麻岩。根据多种氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解,结合地质特征、构造演化背景等,认为包括王仙岭岩体在内的湘东南印支期花岗岩形成于陆内同造山阶段的后碰撞构造环境。印支期花岗岩的具体形成机制为:在峰期变形之后挤压应力相对松弛,深部压力降低,因地壳增厚而升温的中地壳岩石因熔点降低而得以熔融,并在相对开放的环境下侵位成岩。  相似文献   

7.
邓阜仙花岗岩的构造环境、岩浆来源与演化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
宋新华  周Xun若 《现代地质》1992,6(4):459-469
本文利用An-Ab-Or-Q-H_2O体系相图等对邓阜仙复式岩体的分析研究表明。四期花岗岩为同一深部岩浆房岩浆结晶分异演化的产物,岩浆房深度约为12km,并且该岩体的主体第一期岩浆也经历了部分就地结晶分异作用。邓阜仙岩体不仅仅具有S型花岗岩特征,而且还显示出某些Ⅰ型花岗岩的特征,其源岩可能为前寒武纪的正、副变质岩混杂的岩石。该岩体总体上形成于同碰撞构造环境,且从第一期到第四期有着同碰撞向板内花岗岩变化的趋势,反映了本区从印支到燕山晚期陆壳成熟度不断增强的过程。  相似文献   

8.
海南岛海西-印支期花岗岩的地球化学特征及成因   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  
海南岛海西-印支期花岗岩具有一个较完整的演化系列。花岗质岩浆由混合岩进一步重熔而形成。岩浆演化过程中具有一定程度的分离结晶作用。花岗岩的原岩主要为上地壳的岩石,但混有来自下地壳的火成岩。  相似文献   

9.
张广才岭新华屯岩体的形成时代与成因研究   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  
全岩－矿物的锶同位素研究结果表明,出露在张广才岭花岗岩带上的新华屯岩体属中侏罗世晚期的产物,其同位素年龄为１６０～１６５Ｍａ,表明该晶洞花岗岩体不属于印支期。地球化学研究结果显示,该岩体属于长英质“Ｉ”分异型,并在岩体就位和岩浆结晶过程中存在少量地壳物质的混染,但控制岩体成分变化的主要因素仍是矿物的结晶分异作用。年轻的钕同位素模式年龄表明该区存在新元古—显生宙的地壳增生。  相似文献   

10.
青海祁漫塔格虎头崖多金属矿区岩体热年代学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
虎头崖铜铅锌多金属矿床是青海祁漫塔格地区典型的与印支期岩浆侵入活动有关的接触交代矿床,矿区内出露多个不同时代的含碳酸盐地层,金属成矿元素组合复杂,中酸性侵入岩产状多变、岩性多样,成矿岩体及其成矿能力的判别一直制约着该矿区及区域的找矿勘查工作。本文基于详细的野外地质调查,开展了岩体热年代学和岩石地球化学研究。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法,获得二长花岗岩体的年龄为230.3±3.7 Ma(n=13,MSWD=1.4);利用40 Ar-39 Ar法,获得二长花岗岩中黑云母和斜长石矿物的坪年龄分别为229.6±2.3 Ma和219.3±1.8Ma,厘定成岩时代为印支期。对二长花岗岩中不同矿物的岩体冷速率计算结果表明,虎头崖矿区二长花岗岩冷速率相对较快,其热效应较大,具有较大的成矿潜力。二长花岗岩为高钾钙碱性系列岩石,源于古老地壳物质的深熔或重熔,并可能有幔源物质的加入。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

15.
The mineral composition of the Talatui gold deposit has been studied with modern methods. Previously unknown minerals (ilmenite, siegenite, glaucodot, wittichenite, matildite, hessite, pilsenite, zircon, tremolite, cummingtonite, hercynite, and goethite) have been identified in the ore. A high Re content has been detected in molybdenite. The spatiotemporal separation of Au and Ag is caused by different mineral species of these elements and their diachronous precipitation during the ore-forming process. Gold crystallized along with early mineral assemblages, beginning from virtually pure gold (the fineness is 996). Silver precipitated largely at the end of the process as hessite (Ag2Te) and matildite (AgBiS2). The temperature of ore deposition varied from 610 to 145°C, the pressure was 3370–110 bar, and the salt concentration ranged from 56.3 to 0.4 wt % NaCl equiv. The heterogeneous state (boiling) of fluid at the early stages has been documented. The chemical and isotopic compositions of the fluid testify to its magmatic nature and the participation of meteoric water at late stages in the ore-forming process. Thermodynamic modeling reproduces the main specific features of ore formation, including separation of Au and Ag. A physicochemical model of the gold mineralization in the Darasun ore district has been proposed. On the basis of several attributes, the Talatui deposit has been referred to the prophyry gold-copper economic type.  相似文献   

16.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

17.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

18.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

19.
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20.
Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.  相似文献   

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