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库车前陆盆地天然气成藏过程及聚集特征 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：5
天然气的组分和碳同位素主要受母质类型和成熟度双重因素的控制,这是我们研究天然气的基础。但是越来越多的证据显示成藏过程对天然气组分和碳同位素也具有明显的控制作用。尽管库车前陆盆地不同构造单元的天然气来源一致,即主要来源于侏罗系烃源岩、其次为三叠系烃源岩,但是库车前陆盆地冲断构造带、斜坡区和前缘隆起区在天然气组分、干湿程度和碳同位素组成上具有明显的差异。库车前陆盆地经历了早期油气的聚集、破坏和晚期天然气聚集、调整的过程,研究认为成藏过程对库车前陆盆地不同构造单元的天然气组分和碳同位素特征具有明显的控制作用。 相似文献
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中国中西部前陆盆地烃源岩特征与油气资源潜力分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
中国中西部前陆盆地(冲断带)以发育陆相烃源岩为特征。中西部周缘和弧后前陆盆地烃源岩形成于前陆盆地沉积期,包括准噶尔西北缘、准噶尔南缘、塔里木盆地西南缘、吐哈盆地二叠系烃源岩和川西、鄂尔多斯盆地西缘三叠系烃源岩;再生前陆盆地(冲断带)烃源岩主要形成于再生前陆盆地沉积之前的三叠—侏罗系和白垩系、古近系。根据沉积环境可以将烃源岩分为被动大陆边缘海相、残留海—(泻)湖相、湖沼相、内陆坳陷淡水湖相以及内陆坳陷断陷半咸水-咸水湖相烃源岩5种类型,其中湖沼相煤系烃源岩有机质类型为III型,以产气为主,其他烃源岩有机质类型主要为II型,其次为I型,以产油为特征。中国中西部前陆盆地石油潜在资源量为89.17×108t,天然气潜在资源量为101 464×108m3,与国外典型前陆盆地相比,中国前陆盆地具有富气特征。 相似文献
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中国前陆盆地油气富集规律 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
天然气的富集是中国前陆盆地的特点，煤系烃源岩发育是天然气富集的主要原因；中西部前陆盆地具有多期成藏的特征，构造多期叠合、古构造发育、多套烃源岩多期演化是油气多期成藏的主控因素；前陆盆地发育三套储盖组合和原源、它源两大套成藏体系，控制着油气纵向分布；前陆盆地不同构造带地质特征控制着油气区域分布规律，逆冲带、前缘隆起带油气藏主要分布于下部成藏体系，坳陷带油气藏主要分布于上部成藏体系；在逆冲山前带油藏被破坏形成油苗、沥青或残余油藏，在坳陷内的逆冲带和坳陷带主要聚集了成熟度相对较高的天然气，在斜坡带和前缘隆起带既聚集了早期形成的油（气）藏，又聚集了晚期成熟度相对较高的天然气。 相似文献
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中国中西部广泛发育中新生代类前陆盆地，其地质结构和石油地质条件等方面与典型前陆盆地既有类似之处也存在明显差异，主要表现在演化历史复杂；石炭纪以前均为构造性质各异的海相盆地，二叠纪为海相盆地向陆向盆地的转换过渡时期，三叠纪以后基本为陆相盆地（仅塔里木西南盆地晚白垩世-早第三纪有短暂海侵），侏罗纪-白垩纪为断陷-坳陷盆地西部），第三纪以后，逐渐转变为类前陆盆地（西部），在生烃条件方面不仅发育海相烃源岩，且普遍存在煤系烃源岩，进一步增加了其生烃潜力，同样，在储集条件方面，中国类前陆盆地除发育海相储集层外，还广泛分布陆相储集层，因此，中国类前陆盆地基本石油地质条件与国外富油气前陆盆地相比，除海相烃源岩的质量不及后者外，其它方面并无明显不足，且具有发育陆相烃源岩和储集岩的优势，因此，中国中西部类前陆盆地具有较好的勘探前景，特别是陆相层序具有更为现实的勘探价值。 相似文献
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我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性及其天然气勘探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对我国中西部前陆盆地构造特征、大地构造背景、地球物理特征的理论研究和典型前陆盆地的详细解析,系统分析了我国中西部前陆盆地的发育特征和特殊性。强调晚二叠世以来大小不一、形态各异的多块体小型克拉通的聚合碰撞作用是导致中西部前陆盆地群形成的基本动力学过程：这些小型克拉通的多块体聚合碰撞造就了中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性。同时,明确提出中西部盆地的基本特点是“两期三类前陆盆地”,即海西一印支期前陆盆地和喜山期前陆盆地,三类指海西一印支期的周缘前陆盆地和弧后前陆盆地、喜山期再生前陆盆地。根据前陆盆地的盆地结构和演化特征,又将中西部的前陆盆地划分为4种组合形式,即叠合型组合、改造型组合、早衰型组合和新生型组合。综合论述了不同时期不同类型前陆盆地构造对天然气聚集的五大控制作用。 相似文献
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川西前陆盆地须家河组作为上三叠统重要的含煤地层，含有多套烃源岩。采用沉积有机碳法对各套烃源岩的特征进行了研究。结果表明，烃源岩中含有丰富的有机质，其类型以Ⅲ型干酪根为主，部分为Ⅱ型干酪根。烃源岩总体上成熟度较高，天然气总生成量大，不同地区和各套烃源岩的分布特征和生烃潜力存在明显差异，有机碳值变化幅度大，天然气产出量不均衡。不同地区，烃源岩非均质性和盆地构造演化及沉积特征变化复杂，造成了川西地区中部勘探面临一些问题。这些问题需要紧密结合前陆盆地构造发育和含煤地层沉积的特点，研究烃源岩分布差异性特征，从煤系烃源岩、天然气成藏理论和勘探技术等方面加以解决。 相似文献
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中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集 总被引：35，自引：2，他引：35
中国中西部前陆盆地具有十分丰富的油气资源,近年来油气勘探也取得了很大的成果,但总体上来说其地质情况复杂、研究程度较低。世界上典型的前陆盆地一般位于造山带和稳定的克拉通之间的狭长槽地,而在中国中西部则主要为与古特提斯造山带在新特提斯阶段再活动有关的陆内会聚形成的“再生”前陆盆地,因此与世界典型前陆盆地相比中国中西部前陆盆地具有一定的“特殊性”。根据两期前陆的叠合程度差异造成的盆地几何形态、挠曲沉降、地层层序、沉积充填、构造变形特征的特点,将中国中西部前陆盆地归纳为改造型、新生型、叠加型和早衰型四种组合类型的前陆盆地。中西部不同组合类型前陆盆地具有不同的结构特征,决定了不同组合类型前陆盆地成藏特征和油气勘探潜力上的差异。 相似文献
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川西和川东北地区处于扬子地台西北缘,均具有褶皱冲断带-前陆盆地的二元结构,其构造特征具一定相似性。根据地震资料解释和典型气藏解剖,再结合前人研究成果,分析了川西和川东北地区构造演化差异性及其对各自成藏特征的影响,结果表明：川西地区主要受龙门山造山带影响,从印支期中晚期开始发育前陆盆地,之后主要受燕山中晚期和喜马拉雅期构造运动的影响;而川东北地区从燕山早期开始发育前陆盆地,之后在燕山中期和晚期受大巴山、米仓山和雪峰山联合作用影响,最后大巴山造山带在喜马拉雅期的强烈活动使其最终定型。上述差异构造演化对川西和川东北地区陆相层系的成藏特征的影响主要表现在4个方面：烃源岩的发育、输导体系的形成、气藏的保存和天然气成藏过程。川西地区主要发育须家河组烃源岩,形成了以NE向和SN向断裂及其伴生裂缝为主的输导体系,多期构造运动形成的大型通天断裂影响了山前断褶带气藏的保存,成藏经历了印支晚期、燕山中期、晚期和喜马拉雅期4个关键时刻。川东北地区发育须家河组和下侏罗统两套烃源岩,输导体系以NW向断裂为主,隆升剥蚀和大型断裂造成了山前断褶带较差的保存条件,成藏经历了燕山中期、燕山晚期和喜马拉雅期三个关键时刻。 相似文献
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四川盆地天然气成藏条件及其勘探方向 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
四川盆地系在刚性结晶基底上由克拉通海相原型盆地同造山前陆盆地和后造山前陆盆地先后演化而成的克拉通前陆盆地。整体封存构造保存条件是该盆地天然气成藏的主体地质背景和晚期成藏保存的主要条件。加里东和印支两期的古隆起对油气的早期聚集和破坏具有双重作用,但有利于晚期成藏。盆地的保存条件可划分为整体封存、残留封存和缺乏封存三类构造保存单元,并由此可划分出三个相应的构造保存单元组合区。盆地的天然气成藏条件总体良好,影响因素主要是水动力条件和断层。该盆地有T_3,P_2~1,P_1~(1+2),S_1,∈_1和 Z_2六套主力烃源岩和 Z_2—∈_1,∈_1—S,S—P_1,p—T_2,T_3—J 五套成油气体系。今后深化勘探的方向为:(1)川东石炭系向斜带的低缓构造、潜伏构造、高陡背斜带两翼的高陡潜伏构造,特别是构造复合圈闭;(2)川东北—川北开江—梁平、城口—鄂西等海槽为中心的以陆棚边缘滩、碳酸盐岩深缓坡台地;(3)川西—川中的须家沟组原生气藏和侏罗系次生气藏。评价该盆地可以从反向思维入手,即对油气藏破坏条件进行区域和目标评价。 相似文献
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<正>Foreland basin represents one of the most important hydrocarbon habitats in central and western China.To distinguish these foreland basins regionally,and according to the need of petroleum exploration and favorable exploration areas,the foreland basins in central and western China can be divided into three structural types:superimposed,retrogressive and reformative foreland basin(or thrust belt),each with distinctive petroleum system characteristics in their petroleum system components(such as the source rock,reservoir rock,caprock,time of oil and gas accumulation,the remolding of oil/gas reservoir after accumulation,and the favorable exploration area,etc.).The superimposed type foreland basins,as exemplified by the Kuqa Depression of the Tarim Basin, characterized by two stages of early and late foreland basin development,typically contain at least two hydrocarbon source beds,one deposited in the early foreland development and another in the later fault-trough lake stage.Hydrocarbon accumulations in this type of foreland basin often occur in multiple stages of the basin development,though most of the highly productive pools were formed during the late stage of hydrocarbon migration and entrapment(Himalayan period).This is in sharp contrast to the retrogressive foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Permian to Triassic) such as the western Sichuan Basin,where prolific hydrocarbon source rocks are associated with sediments deposited during the early stages of the foreland basin development.As a result, hydrocarbon accumulations in retrogressive foreland basins occur mainly in the early stage of basin evolution.The reformative foreland basins(only developing foreland basin during the Himalayan period) such as the northern Qaidam Basin,in contrast,contain organic-rich,lacustrine so urce rocks deposited only in fault-trough lake basins occurring prior to the reformative foreland development during the late Cenozoic,with hydrocarbon accumulations taking place relatively late(Himalayan period).Therefore,the ultimate hydrocarbon potentials in the three types of foreland basins are largely determined by the extent of spatial and temporal matching among the thrust belts,hydrocarbon source kitchens,and regional and local caprocks. 相似文献
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To reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the centralsouthern South China Sea,we used gravity-magnetic,seismic,drilling,and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these basins.During the subduction of the Cenozoic proto-South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea,the continental margin basins in the central-southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins:southern extensional-foreland basins,western extensional-strike slip basins,and central extensional-drift basins.Because these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories,they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon resources.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages:faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene,inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene,and subsidence since the late Miocene.Hydrocarbon source rocks with marine-continental transitional facies dominated byⅡ-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep-water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late stage.With well-developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs,this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation potential.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed previously.Hydrocarbon source rocks with lacustrine facies,marine-continental transitional facies,and terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅡ2-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late stage.As a reservoir comprised of self-generated and self-stored sandstone,this unit also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.Throughout those same three developmental stages,the basin groups in the central South China Sea generated hydrocarbon source rocks with terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅢkerogen that have developed in a stratum with medium thicknesses with the filling characteristics being mainly sandstone in the early stage and carbonate in the late stage.This reservoir,which is dominated by lower-generation and upper-storage carbonate rocks,also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential. 相似文献
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ZHAO Zongju 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(5):779-797
So far,more than 150 marine oil-gas fields have been found onshore and offshore about 350. The marine source rocks are mainly Paleozoic and Mesozoic onshore whereas Tertiary offshore.Three genetic categories of oil-gas reservoirs have been defined for the marine reservoirs in China:primary reservoirs,secondary reservoirs and hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs.And three exploration prospects have also been suggested:(1)Primary reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in many Tertiary basins of the South China Sea(SCS),the Tertiary shelf basins of the East China Sea (ECS)and the Paleozoic of Tarim basin,Sichuan basin and Ordos basin.To explore large-middle-scale even giant oil-gas fields should chiefly be considered in this category reservoirs.These basins are the most hopeful areas to explore marine oil-gas fields in China,among which especially many Tertiary basins of the SCS should be strengthened to explore.(2)Secondary reservoirs prospects,which are mainly distributed in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of the Tarim basin,Sichuan basin,Qiangtang basin and Chuxiong basin in western China,of which exploration potential is less than that of the primary reservoirs.(3)Hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in the Bohai Bay basin,North Jiangsu-South Yellow Sea basin,southern North China basin,Jianghan basin, South Poyang basin in eastern China and the Tarim basin in western China,of which source rocks are generally the Paleozoic.And the reservoirs formed by late-stage(always Cenozoic)secondary hydrocarbon generation of the Paleozoic source rocks should mainly be considered to explore,among which middle-small and small oil-gas fields are the chief exploration targets.As a result of higher thermal evolution of Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rocks,the marine reservoirs onshore are mainly gas fields,and so far marine oil fields have only been found in the Tarim basin.No other than establishing corresponding marine oil-gas exploration and development strategy and policy, sufficiently enhancing cognition to the particularity and complexity of China's marine petroleum geology,and applying new thoughts,new theories and new technologies,at the same time tackling some key technologies,it is possible to fast and effectually exploit and utilize the potential huge marine oil-gas resources of China. 相似文献
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Multiple source rock assemblages were deposited in the sedimentary provinces in South China in geologic history,and some of them were destructed by and some survived against multiple tectonic movements.Therefore,multiple sources,mixed sources,and uneven distribution of sources occurred in the marine sedimentary basins in South China during the late stage of hydrocarbon pooling.Epidiagenesis of the marine carbonate reservoirs and its modification to reservoir poroperm characteristics determined the formation and the scale of natural gas pools.The exploration practices show that the large to medium gas fields mainly occur in areas with high-quality reservoirs.Detailed study of the paleo-oil accumulations and typical oil and gas reservoirs reveals that the basins experienced multiphase superimposition and modification,leading to the distribution of the Paleozoic paleo-oil accumulations and bitumen in the peripheral areas.The phenomenon that oil and gas production concentrates in the Sichuan basin indicates that the overall sealing conditions of a basin determine the oil/gas potentials and the scale of oil and gas production.This is a critical factor controlling the accumulation and distribution of gas in the marine sequences in South China.The early oil and gas pools in the Yangtze platform left billions of bitumen in the peripheral areas due to the destruction of seals.Since the Himalayan,"late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools represented by the gas pools in the Sichuan (四川) basin were formed in the marine sedimentary sequences in South China as a result of the change of the sealing conditions.Current gas discoveries appear to be "paleo-generation and paleo-accumulation" gas pools but actually are "late-generation and late-accumulation" gas pools.These patterns of hydrocarbon pooling clearly depict themselves in western Sichuan basin and Weiyuan (威远)gas field.It is revealed that the gas pools in the Sichuan basin were mainly formed as a result of hydrocarbon phase change (thermal cracking of oil to gas),miscible migration,and dynamic equilibration since the Himalayan.A large number of gas pools were formed in the Himalayan and the gas pools in the marine sequences are characterized by late pooling; this kind of gas fields/pools are controlled by:(1) effectiveness of modification and superimposition of the marine basins,(2) effectiveness of the source rocks,(3) effectiveness of the overall preservation conditions,and (4) effectiveness of plays. 相似文献
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前陆盆地是世界上油气资源最丰富、大油气田最多的一类盆地。笔者通过分析发现中国中西部的前陆盆地有丰富的烃源岩,配套的生储盖组合,油气在纵横向上的发育都有其有序性：前陆盆地的沉积演化控制着盆地油气纵向上的有序性,构造单元控制着油气横向上的有序性。前陆冲断带构造活动强烈,主要形成背斜油气藏,中浅层都含气,适宜采用立体勘探思路。前渊凹陷带主要发育有岩性油气藏,前缘隆起由于地层向克拉通方向尖灭,常形成岩性油气藏。 相似文献
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新生代挤压盆地是我国中-西部的重要油气勘探领域。根据挤压盆地的发育部位、盆地基底、充填层序、构造叠加和盆山耦合形式等条件,本文在我国中-西部识别出准(噶尔)西北缘型、四川盆地西缘型、柴(达木)北缘型和准(噶尔)南缘型等4种新生代挤压盆地,前两者发育海西晚期—印支期前陆盆地,后两者具有喜马拉雅造山期的再生前陆盆地特征。对准西北缘、四川盆地西缘、柴北缘和准南缘新生代挤压盆地的对比研究表明,它们在烃源岩、储盖组合等成藏条件上存在明显的差异,而晚期前陆发育对柴北缘型和准南缘型挤压盆地烃源岩演化具有明显的控制作用。在不同新生代挤压盆地典型油气藏解剖研究的基础上,认为燕山期及之前是准西北缘型和四川盆地西缘型挤压盆地主要的成藏期,喜马拉雅造山期则主要表现为准西北缘型挤压盆地的油气藏保存和四川盆地西缘型挤压盆地油气藏的调整和定型;喜马拉雅晚期是柴北缘型挤压盆地最主要的成藏期,而多期前陆盆地的准南缘型挤压盆地具有多期成藏的特征,但喜马拉雅晚期的油气成藏最为重要。 相似文献
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我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成的主控因素 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用天然气地质储量、含气面积和成藏时期, 定义和求取了气藏天然气聚集效率.通过我国60余个大中型气田天然气聚集效率的计算, 将其分为高效、中效和低效3种类型.通过天然气聚集效率与各种成藏条件叠合研究得到, 我国不同类型盆地高效大中型气田形成主要受源岩供气能力、输导层输导能力和天然气封盖保存能力的控制.要形成高效大中型气田, 源岩生气强度前陆盆地一般应大于80×108 m3/km2·Ma, 克拉通盆地一般应大于26×108 m3/km2·Ma, 裂谷盆地应大于60×108 m3/km2·Ma.输导层输导天然气能力前陆盆地和裂谷盆地应大于5×10-14 m/Pa·s, 克拉通盆地一般应大于6×10-12m/Pa·s.盖层封盖能力CSI前陆盆地一般应大于1×1010 m/s, 克拉通盆地一般应大于5×109 m/s, 裂谷盆地一般应大于3×1010 m/s.天然气成藏期前陆盆地一般应晚于古近纪中期, 而克拉通和裂谷盆地均应晚于古近纪早期. 相似文献