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1.
深层油气勘探是未来油气资源的重要接替领域。渤海湾盆地下伏石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩自油气勘探取得新突破以来,一直是深层油气领域研究的热点。黄骅坳陷新部署的QG8井奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层和YG1井二叠系砂岩储层获高产凝析油气流,其来源判别问题是深层油气勘探的关键。针对QG8、YG1井凝析油气开展的生物标志化合物、有机碳稳定同位素和原油物性研究表明：两口井的凝析油均为低黏度、低密度的典型轻质原油,具有姥鲛烷优势（Pr/Ph>2.8）,QG8井凝析油饱和烃δ13C为-29.1‰、芳烃δ13C为-26.8‰;天然气δ13C1偏重,介于-39.7‰~-36.4‰之间,干燥系数大于0.8,重烃可达16.2%,为偏干湿气。QG8与YG1井凝析油特征与黄骅坳陷石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩（饱和烃δ13C为-29.26‰~-26.87‰,芳烃δ13C为-26.62‰~-24.15‰）及KG4井原油物性（0.757 1~0.840 2 g/cm3）相近,天然气特征则相似于济阳坳陷GBG1井的煤成气（δ13C1为-43‰~-35‰）,表明高产的凝析油气来自石炭-二叠系煤系烃源岩。证实渤海湾盆地深层石炭-二叠系煤系具有生烃潜力和油气勘探前景。  相似文献   

2.
辽河坳陷滩海东部地区葵探1井获得天然气重大突破,其侏罗系、古近系天然气的甲烷碳同位素组成(δ13C1)差异大,确定天然气成因与气源岩对于评价天然气资源潜力及选择勘探目标具有重要意义。系统分析了滩海东部地区古近系东营组、沙河街组三段和侏罗系小东沟组3套含气层系的天然气组分、稳定碳同位素组成等地球化学特征,对天然气成因和来源进行探讨。滩海东部地区发育有机热成因气和无机成因气2种类型：(1)古近系东营组和沙三段天然气为煤型有机热成因气,成分以甲烷为主,干燥系数介于0.789～0.949,δ13C1值主要在-35‰左右。主要气源岩为盖州滩洼陷沙三中下亚段泥岩,Ro在0.77%～1.59%之间。中浅层东营组天然气成熟度显著高于同深度泥岩,表明天然气来源于深部地层;而深层沙河街组三段天然气成熟度与同深度泥岩差异不大,表明天然气以原地聚集为主。(2)侏罗系小东沟组天然气为无机成因气,干燥系数平均值为0.991,δ13C1值>-20‰;推测东营...  相似文献   

3.
塔里木盆地喀什凹陷克拉托天然气来源分析及聚气特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
塔里木西南喀什凹陷的克拉托天然气主要表现为原油的溶解气或者湿气,甲烷含量为74.59%~85.58%,克4井和克30井天然气则为较干的湿气。克拉托天然气的δ13C1值为-41.2‰~-40.6‰,δ13C2值为-30.0‰~-27.4‰。气源对比表明克拉托天然气主要源自具有混源母质特征的中侏罗统湖相烃源岩,不同于源自石炭系烃源岩的阿克莫木天然气。喀什凹陷的中-下侏罗统烃源岩主要是由于新近系的巨厚沉积才从未成熟—低成熟阶段进入成熟—高成熟阶段,生成的油气在克拉托背斜圈闭中聚集,虽也属晚期成藏,却具有连续聚气的特征。上新世末期,喀什凹陷的周缘开始抬升,早期油气藏受到破坏,形成了现今的地表油气苗或油砂。  相似文献   

4.
通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西北部奥陶系克里摩里组和马四储层溶孔中充填的方解石以及重结晶作用形成的白云石中烃类包裹体鉴定和组成分析认为该区奥陶系储层中气态烃包裹体比较丰富,占30%～40%,以甲烷含量占绝对优势,甲烷含量一般分布在49.2%mol～61.7%mol 之间,重烃含量很低,表明该区曾经发生过天然气的运移聚集。应用热爆裂法打开包裹体对气态烃碳同位素进行了分析,包裹体中甲烷碳同位素比值分布在-34.7‰～-40.0‰,平均为-37.1‰,乙烷碳同位素比值分布在-29.0‰～-31.0‰之间,平均为-30.1‰,包裹体气体碳同位素比较轻,可能主要为高演化阶段的油型气。另外,该区的古地温史模拟数据和测定的包裹体均一温度分布对比研究表明天然气充注期在早白垩世。  相似文献   

5.
鄂尔多斯盆地东南部宜参1井获得天然气重大突破,但对其各层系烃源岩生烃潜力并未开展研究。通过采集山西组和马家沟组烃源岩样品开展相关研究,结果表明: 山西组4个泥岩样品的残余总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)含量分布范围为0.54%~2.31%,均值为1.65%,总烃[(S1+S2)]含量分布范围为0.12~0.46 mg/g,均值为0.34 mg/g,泥岩烃源岩有机质丰度较高,生烃潜力较强; 马家沟组泥岩残余TOC含量分布范围为0.09%~0.33%,均值为0.17%,(S1+S2)含量分布范围为0.03~0.17 mg/g,均值为0.12 mg/g,评价为非—差烃源岩。对比宜参1井天然气中甲烷(CH4)和乙烷(C2H6)碳同位素含量,δ13C1>δ13C2倒转的天然气主要为煤成热解气,混入了少量δ13C2轻的油型气,其中煤成气主要来自于上古生界煤系地层,混入的少量油型气可能主要来自于上古生界太原组优质海相烃源岩。查明奥陶系马家沟组的生烃潜力及油气来源不仅可以认识奥陶系产层的油气生成和组成特征,同时对气田的形成模式、资源前景及勘探部署也具有重要意义。  相似文献   

6.
塔里木盆地西部阿克莫木气田形成初探   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
塔里木盆地西部阿克莫木气田天然气为非烃组份含量较高的干气,干燥系数高达99.7%;天然气δ13C1和δ13C2值明显偏重,δ13C1为- 25.2‰～-21.9,δ13C2为-21.2～-20.2‰,如果按传统的观点该天然气应为过成熟煤成气。但是综合气源对比研究表明阿克莫木气田天然气主要源自石炭系Ⅱ型烃源岩,成藏过程研究表明该气田主要聚集了石炭系烃源岩在Ro为1.5%～1.8%之后生成的天然气,具有晚期阶段聚气的特征,这是造成阿克1井天然气组份很“干”、碳同位素很重的主要原因。  相似文献   

7.
用激光 -荧光显微镜等有机岩石学方法 ,挑选样品中有明显生、排烃现象的碳酸盐岩 ,再以测定的这类碳酸盐岩的有机碳含量为依据 ,确定本区高成熟碳酸盐气源岩残余有机碳的下限指标用 0 .13%～ 0 .14 %比较合理。根据碳酸盐岩储层孔隙中充填沥青和皮膜状残余沥青的分布和含量 ,论证了陕参 1井等奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层在地质历史中 ,存在若干油气有效储层。采用连续升温 ,步进取样的热模拟实验方法 ,揭示了本区煤与碳酸盐岩干酪根随热演化作用增强 ,烃类气体产物的干燥系数增大 ,δ1 3C1 、δ1 3C2 明显变重的规律 ,并根据样品实验结果推算 ,本区石炭系—二叠系煤最大生气阶段的δ1 3C1 应为 - 2 7‰～ - 2 8‰ ,碳酸盐岩最大生气阶段的δ1 3C1 应为- 31.7‰～ - 33‰。在气源成因判识中 ,根据主生气期阶段对天然气成藏储聚的贡献最大、甲烷碳同位素较重以及长庆气田风化壳气藏天然气δ1 3C1 重值区并不与石炭系—二叠系煤的镜质组反射率高值区匹配的现象等进行气源判识 ,认为长庆奥陶系风化壳气藏 ,具有下古生界海相碳酸盐岩气与上古生界石炭系—二叠系煤成气的混源成因  相似文献   

8.
羌塘北缘开心岭—乌丽冻土区沿隐伏断层发育多处冷泉含水溶解烷烃,采用水溶烃组分和甲烷的稳定碳、氢同位素特征对其成因开展了分析研究。结果表明,开心岭—乌丽冻土区水溶烃组分中甲烷含量比例高达99.83%~99.96%,同时伴随有少量乙烷、丙烷,另含微量的乙烯和丙烯。开心岭一带水溶烃甲烷δ13CPDB值介于-46.5‰~-55.1‰,δDVSMOW值为-281.0‰~-342.0‰;乌丽一带水溶烃甲烷δ13CPDB值介于-47.8‰~-58.9‰,δDVSMOW值为-339.0‰~-346.0‰,指示水溶烃甲烷为有机成因,但气源较复杂,利用δ13CCH4-δDCH4、δ13C1-C1/(C2+C3)等成因图解判别,得出甲烷主要属微生物气,次之为热解成因气,混有少量原油伴生气。推断甲烷主要为有机质在微生物作用下分解的烃类气体或次生生物气,与晚二叠世那益雄组含煤烃源岩有关,气源条件暗示该地区冻土带200~500 m深度内有利于微生物成因气为主的甲烷天然气水合物形成。  相似文献   

9.
东海盆地台北坳陷有机包裹体化学成分及成因   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
利用LAM、热爆-气相色谱等方法对东海盆地台北坳陷第三系储层中有机包裹体成分进行了系统研究,结果表明:1矿物包裹体中以CO2为主,同时含有一定的N2和F2等,气态烃包裹体中CO2含量一般可达40%～78%,液态烃包裹体中CO2含量一般23%～41%;2烃类含量一般<30%,其中甲烷含量较低,C2～C7轻烃含量比甲烷含量高,甲苯含量较高(达18.8%);3对主要烃源岩加水热模拟实验也具有同样的特点。这些特点说明CO2的成因与烃源岩中碳酸盐矿物热解有关,有机包裹体的成因类型偏腐植型,气态烃以湿气为主,且含有一定的凝析油成分,和南海盆地第三系储层中有机包裹体具有相似的特征。  相似文献   

10.
长山铅锌多金属矿床位于长江中下游成矿带宣城矿集区东北部,文章在对该矿床开展详细的地质调查和岩相学研究基础上,对代表性矿化蚀变矿物(石英、方解石)开展了流体包裹体测温、激光拉曼光谱和氢、氧、碳稳定同位素分析。长山铅锌多金属矿床矿化蚀变组合从早到晚可以分为矽卡岩-氧化物阶段、早硫化物阶段和晚硫化物阶段。矿物流体包裹体温度和盐度测算显示,长山矿床的成矿流体温度和盐度从矽卡岩-氧化物阶段(315～382℃,w(NaCl)eq为14.04%～16.24%)→早硫化物阶段(220～347℃,w(NaCl)eq为4.49%～15.86%)→晚硫化物阶段(163～306℃,w(NaCl)eq为1.40%～11.10%)逐渐降低。石英和闪锌矿中包裹体的δD和δ18O值分别为-89.5‰～-67.8‰和-3.2‰～7.62‰,方解石中δ13C和δ18O值分别是-6.8‰～-1‰和10.6‰～17.1‰,同位素特征指示长山矿床的成矿流体为岩浆水与海相碳酸盐中富含有机质流体混合,...  相似文献   

11.
Based on the pyrolysis products for the Jurassic low-mature coal under programmed temperature,and chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of natural gas from the Kuqa Depression, the genetic origin of natural gas was determined,and then a gas filling model was established,in combination with the geological background of the Kuqa Depression.The active energy of CH_4,C_2H_6 and C_3H_8 was gotten after the data of pyrolysis gas products under different heating rates(2℃/h and 20℃/h)were fitted by the Gas O...  相似文献   

12.
Natural gas in the Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin is dominated by hydrocarbon (HC) gas, with 78–79% methane and 2–19% C2+ HC. Its dryness coefficient (C1/C1–5) is mostly < 0.95. The gas in fluid inclusions, which has low contents of CH4 and heavy hydrocarbons (C2+) and higher contents of non-hydrocarbons (e.g. CO2), is a typical wet gas produced by thermal degradation of kerogen. Gas produced from the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation (here denoted field gas) has light carbon isotope values for methane (δ13C1: −45‰ to −36‰) and heavier values for ethane (δ13C2: −30‰ to −25‰). The case is similar for gas in fluid inclusions, but δ13C1 = −36‰ to −45‰ and δ13C2 = −24.8‰ to −28.1‰, suggesting that the gas experienced weak isotopic fractionation due to migration and water washing. The field gas has δ13CCO2 values of −15.6‰ to −5.6‰, while the gas in fluid inclusions has δ13CCO2 values of −16.6‰ to −9‰, indicating its organic origin. Geochemical comparison shows that CO2 captured in fluid inclusions mainly originated from source rock organic matter, with little contribution from abiogenic CO2. Fluid inclusions originate in a relatively closed system without fluid exchange with the outside following the gas capture process, so that there is no isotopic fractionation. They thus present the original state of gas generated from the source rocks. These research results can provide a theoretical basis for gas generation, evolution, migration and accumulation in the basin.  相似文献   

13.
The natural gases in the Upper Paleozoic strata of the Ordos basin are characterized by relatively heavy C isotope of gaseous alkanes with δ 13C1 and δ13C2 values ranging mainly from ?35‰ to ?30‰ and ?27‰ to ?22‰, respectively, high δ13C excursions (round 10) between ethane and methane and predominant methane in hydrocarbon gases with most C1/(C1-C5) ratios in excess of 0.95, suggesting an origin of coal-derived gas. The gases exhibit different carbon isotopic profiles for C1-C4 alkanes with those of the natural gases found in the Lower Paleozoic of this basin, and believed to be originated from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures. The occurrence of regionally pervasive gas accumulation is distinct in the gently southward-dipping Shanbei slope of the central basin. It is noted that molecular and isotopic composition changes of the gases in various gas reservoirs are associated with the thermal maturities of gas source rocks. The abundances and δ13C values of methane generally decline northwards and from the basin center to its margins, and the effects of hydrocarbon migration on compositional modification seem insignificant. However, C isotopes of autogenetic calcites in the vertical and lateral section of reservoirs show a regular variation, and are as a whole depleted upwards and towards basin margins. Combination with gas maturity gradient, the analysis could be considered to be a useful tool for gas migration.  相似文献   

14.
Carbon stable-isotope compositions of coexisting carbon dioxide and methane from geothermal springs across the Central Andes of northern Chile and Bolivia are reported. A total of 60 samples were analyzed for δ13CCO2 and, of these, 10 were selected for δ13CCH4 analyses. The Central Andes are characterized by an active volcanic arc and an unusually thick (up to 75 km) continental crust behind the arc, beneath the high plateau region of the Altiplano. Furthermore, helium-isotope evidence suggests active mantle degassing in a 350-km-wide zone beneath the thick continental crust in the Central Andes (Hoke et al., 1994).

The present results show a wide range of δ13CCO2 (-14.9 to -0.6‰) and a surprisingly heavy δ13CCH4 (?20.9 to ?12.3‰). The difference between δ13CCO2 and δ13CCH4 (δ13CCO2-CH4 ) for individual samples varies between 1.5‰ and 13.5‰. The δ13CCO2 results show wide and overlapping ranges in the samples collected from the Precordillera, the Volcanic Arc (or Western Cordillera), the Altiplano, and the Eastern Cordillera. The widest ranges occur in the Eastern Cordillera (?15.0 to ?4.8‰) and the Altiplano (?20 to ?6‰). The δ13CCO2 results for geothermal samples from the Volcanic Arc range between ?8.0‰ (Surire) and ?0.6‰ (Abra de Nappa), whereas δ13CCO2 measured in gases collected from geothermal springs in the Precordillera range from ?10 to ?5‰.

The relationships between 3He/4He, δ13CCO2 , and δ13CCH4 are used to distinguish between crustal and mantle origins. The wide (21‰) range in the is interpreted to reflect contributions from different CO2 sources that include organic and inorganic crustal and mantle carbon. Assuming isotopic equilibrium between coexisting methane and carbon dioxide, Δ13CCO2-CH4 suggests very high equilibrium temperatures, in excess of 530°C, for some geothermal systems that also are characterized by a high (up to 63%) mantle-derived helium component.

δ13CCH4 results suggest that methane has not formed by bacteriogenic processes or by thermal decomposition of organic matter, but rather abiogenically through the high-temperature reaction between H2 and CO2. The δ13CCH4 results for the samples from the Volcanic Arc and from two CO2-rich geothermal springs in the Altiplano (Coipasa-2 and Belen de Andamarca) are similar to those reported from hydrothermal fluids emitted from the East Pacific Rise (Welhan, 1988) and White Island, New Zealand (Hulston and McCabe, 1962), suggesting a mantle-derived carbon component in the methane.  相似文献   

15.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(13):1443-1463
Fluid inclusions hosted by quartz veins in high-pressure to ultrahigh-pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic rocks from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) Project main drillhole have low, varied hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD?=??97‰ to??69‰). Quartz δ18O values range from??2.5‰ to 9.6‰; fluid inclusions hosted in quartz have correspondingly low δ18O values of??11.66‰ to 0.93‰ (T h?=?171.2～318.8°C). The low δD and δ18O isotopic data indicate that protoliths of some CCSD HP-UHP metamorphic rocks reacted with meteoric water at high latitude near the surface before being subducted to great depth. In addition, the δ18O of the quartz veins and fluid inclusions vary greatly with the drillhole depth. Lower δ18O values occur at depths of ～900–1000 m and ～2700 m, whereas higher values characterize rocks at depths of about 1770 m and 4000 m, correlating roughly with those of wall-rock minerals. Given that the peak metamorphic temperature of the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks was about 800°C or higher, much higher than the closure temperature of oxygen isotopes in quartz under wet conditions, such synchronous variations can be explained by re-equilibration. In contrast, δD values of fluid inclusions show a different relationship with depth. This is probably because oxygen is a major element of both fluids and silicates and is much more abundant in the quartz veins and silicate minerals than is hydrogen. The oxygen isotope composition of fluid inclusions is evidently more susceptible to late-stage re-equilibration with silicate minerals than is the hydrogen isotope composition. Therefore, different δD and δ18O patterns imply that dramatic fluid migration occurred, whereas the co-variation of oxygen isotopes in fluid inclusions, quartz veins, and wall-rock minerals can be better interpreted by re-equilibration during exhumation.

Quartz veins in the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic terrane are the product of high-Si fluids. Given that channelized fluid migration is much faster than pervasive flow, and that the veins formed through precipitation of quartz from high-Si fluids, the abundant veins indicate significant fluid mobilization and migration within this subducted continental slab. Many mineral reactions can produce high-Si fluids. For UHP metamorphic rocks, major dehydration during subduction occurred when pressure–temperature conditions exceeded the stability of lawsonite. In contrast, for low-temperature eclogites and other HP metamorphic rocks with peak metamorphic P–T conditions within the stability field of lawsonite, dehydration and associated high-Si fluid release may have occurred as hydrous minerals were destabilized at lower pressure during exhumation. Because subduction is a continuous process whereas only a minor fraction of the subducted slabs returns to the surface, dehydration during underflow is more prevalent than exhumation even in subducted continental crust, which is considerably drier than altered oceanic crust.  相似文献   

16.
The Tieluping silver deposit, which is sited along NE-trending faults within the high-grade metamorphic basement of the Xiong‘er terrane, is part of an important Mesozoic orogenic-type Ag-Pb and Au belt recently discovered. Ore formation includes three stages: Early (E), Middle (M) and Late (L), which include quartz-pyrite (E),polymetallic sulfides (M) and carbonates (L), respectively. The E-stage fluids are characterized by δD=-90%c,δ^13CCO2=2.0‰ and δ^18O=9‰ at 373℃, and are deeply sourced; the L-stage fluids, with δD=-70‰, δ^13C CO2=-1.3%c and δ^18O=-2‰, are shallow-sourced meteoric water; whereas the M-stage fluids, with δD=-109‰, δ^13C CO2=0.1%c and δ^18O2‰, are a mix of deep-sourced and shallow-sourced fluids. Comparisons of the D-O-C isotopic systematics of the Estage ore-forming fluids with the fluids derived from Mesozoic granites, Archean-Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Xiong‘er Group, show that these units cannot generate fluids with the measured isotopic composition (high δ^180 and δ^13C ratios and low δD ratios) characteristic of the ore-forming fluids. This suggests that the E-stage ore-forming fluids originated from metamorphic devolatilization of a carbonate-shale-chert lithological association, locally rich in organic matter, which could correspond to the Meso-Neoproterozoic Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups, rather than to geologic units in the Xiong‘er terrane, the lower crust and the mantle. This supports the view that the rocks of the Guandaokou and Luanchuan Groups south of the Machaoying fault might be the favorable sources. A tectonic model that combines collisional orogeny, metallogeny and hydrothermal fluid flow is proposed to explain the formation of the Tieluping silver deposit. During the Mesozoic collision between the South and North China paleocontinents, a crustal slab containing a lithological association consisting of carbonate-shale-chert, locally rich in organic matter (carbonaceous shale) was thrust northwards beneath the Xiong‘er terrane along the Machaoying fault.Metamorphic devolatilization of this underthrust slab provided the ore-forming fluids to develop the Au-Ag-(Pb-Zn) ore belt, which includes the Tieluping silver deposit.  相似文献   

17.
Up until now, it has been assumed that oil in the Palaeozoic reservoirs of the Tazhong Uplift was derived from Upper Ordovician source rocks. Oils recently produced from the Middle and Lower Cambrian in wells ZS1 and ZS5 provide clues concerning the source rocks of the oils in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, China. For this study, molecular composition, bulk and individual n-alkane δ13C and individual alkyl-dibenzothiophene δ34S values were determined for the potential source rocks and for oils from Cambrian and Ordovician reservoirs to determine the sources of the oils and to address whether δ13C and δ34S values can be used effectively for oil–source rock correlation purposes. The ZS1 and ZS5 Cambrian oils, and six other oils from Ordovician reservoirs, were not significantly altered by TSR. The ZS1 oils and most of the other oils, have a “V” shape in the distribution of C27–C29 steranes, bulk and individual n-alkane δ13C values predominantly between −31‰ to −35‰ VPDB, and bulk and individual alkyldibenzothiophene δ34S values between 15‰ to 23‰ VCDT. These characteristics are similar to those for some Cambrian source rocks with kerogen δ13C values between −34.1‰ and −35.3‰ and δ34S values between 10.4‰ and 21.6‰. The oil produced from the Lower Ordovician in well YM2 has similar features to the ZS1 Cambrian oils. These new lines of evidence indicate that most of the oils in the Tazhong Uplift, contrary to previous interpretations, were probably derived from the Cambrian source rocks, and not from the Upper Ordovician. Conversely, the δ13C and δ34S values of ZS1C Cambrian oils have been shown to shift to more positive values due to thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Thus, δ13C and δ34S values can be used as effective tools to demonstrate oil–source rock correlation, but only because there has been little or no TSR in this part of the section.  相似文献   

18.
Post-Variscan hydrothermal base-metal mineralization of the Taunus ore district, SE Rhenish Massif (Germany), has been studied through combination of stable (S, C, O) and radiogenic (Pb) isotope geochemistry. Based on field and textural observations, five hydrothermal mineralization types can be distinguished. These are (1) tetrahedrite–tennantite bearing quartz–ankerite veins, (2) quartz veins with Pb–Zn–Cu ores, (3) giant quartz veins, (4) metasomatic dolomite in Devonian reef complexes, and (5) calcite–(quartz) mineralization in Devonian reefs. The δ18OV-SMOW quartz values of base-metal veins are in the range of 18.0–21.5‰, whereas those of giant quartz veins have lower values of 15.9–18.6‰. This difference reflects the higher fluid fluxes and smaller extent of rock-buffering for the giant quartz veins. Hydrothermal carbonates from the tetrahedrite and Pb–Zn–Cu veins have variable but distinctly negative δ13CV-PDB values. They can be explained by contributions from fluids that had picked up low δ13CV-PDB carbon via oxidation of organic matter and from fluids that interacted with Devonian reef carbonate having positive δ13CV-PDB. Metasomatic dolomite has positive δ13CV-PDB values that closely reflect those of the precursor limestone. By contrast, carbonates of calcite–(quartz) mineralization have negative δ13CV-PDB values which are negatively correlated with the δ18O values. This pattern is explained by fluid mixing processes where contributions from descending cooler fluids with rather low salinity were dominant. The isotope data suggest that tetrahedrite veins, Pb–Zn–Cu veins, and giant quartz veins formed from fluid mixing involving two end-members with contrasting chemical features. This is supported by fluid inclusion data (Adeyemi, 1982) that show repeated alternation between two different types of fluid inclusions, which are hotter intermediate- to high-salinity NaCl–CaCl2 fluids and cooler low-salinity NaCl-dominated fluids. The metal-rich saline fluids were likely generated at the boundary between the pre-Devonian basement and the overlying Devonian–Carboniferous nappe pile. Fault activation resulted in strong fluid focusing and upward migration of large volumes of hot Na–Ca brines, which mixed with cooler and more dilute fluids at shallower crustal levels. Variable contributions from both fluid types, local fluid fluxes, temperature variations, and variations in pH and oxidation state have then controlled the vein mineralogy and metal inventory.  相似文献   

19.
The Jinwozi lode gold deposit in the eastern Tianshan Mountains of China includes auriferous quartz veins and network quartz veins that are exemplified by the Veins 3 and 210, respectively. This paper presents H‐, O‐isotope compositions and gas compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides and quartz, and S‐, Pb‐isotope compositions of sulfide separates collected from the principal Stage 2 ores in Veins 3 and 210. Fluid inclusions trapped in quartz and sphalerite are pseudo‐secondary and primary. They were trapped from the fluids during the successive or alternate precipitation of quartz with sulfides. H‐ and O‐isotope compositions of fluid inclusion of three pyrite and one quartz separates from Vein 210 plot within the field of degassed melt, which is evidence for the incorporation of magmatic fluid as well with some possibility of contribution of metamorphic water to the hydrothermal system since the two datasets show a higher oxygen isotopic ratio than those of degassed melt. However, δD and δ18O values of fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides and quartz from Vein 3 are distinctly lower than those from Vein 210. In addition, salinities of fluid inclusion from Vein 3, approximately 3 to 6 wt% NaCl equivalent, are considerably lower than those from Vein 210, which are approximately 8 to 14 wt% NaCl equivalent. Ore‐forming fluids of Veins 3 and 210 have migrated through the relatively high and low levels in the imbricate‐thrust column where rock deformation is characterized by dilatancy or ductile–brittle transition, respectively. Therefore, the ore‐forming fluid of Vein 3 is interpreted to have mixed with greater amounts of meteoric‐derived groundwater than that of Vein 210. Fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides contain considerably higher abundances of gaseous species of CO2, N2, H2S, and so on, than those hosted in quartz. Many of these gaseous species exhibit linear correlations with H2O. These linear trends are interpreted in terms of mixing between magmatic fluid and groundwater. The relative enrichment of gaseous species in fluid inclusions hosted in sulfides, coupled with the banded ore structure, suggests that the magmatic fluid was involved with the ore‐forming fluid in pulsation. Lead isotope compositions of 21 pyrite and galena separates form a linear trend, suggesting mixing of metallic materials from diverse reservoirs. The δ34S values of pyrite and galena range from +5.6‰ to +7.9‰ and from +3.1‰ to +6.3‰, respectively, indicating sulfur of the Jinwozi deposit has been leached mainly from the granodiorite and partly from the Jinwozi Formation by the circulating ore‐forming fluid.  相似文献   

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