共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 138 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
分析了地下水脆弱性、地下水污染风险和地下水污染预警三者之间层层递进的关系;在归纳总结国内外地下水脆弱性和地下水污染风险评价理论和方法的基础上,综述国内外相关地下水污染预警的大量研究成果,基于地下水污染预警等级划分方法,整体上将地下水污染预警方法概括为基于设定临界值的地下水污染预警和基于既定标准的地下水污染预警两大类。最后阐述地下水污染预警研究在地下水资源可持续发展中的重要意义,并指出地下水污染预警的评价方法和理论研究应进一步考虑多学科的交叉、与先进技术的耦合以及资料的精确度等问题。 相似文献
4.
地下水脆弱性评价是进行地下水污染防控的关键。经过近40年的研究,过程模拟法被认为是最具实际意义和最精确的评价方法。目前学者对地下水水流和溶质运移模型与地下水脆弱性评价的耦合进行了探索研究,充分发挥了过程模拟法物理意义明确、评价结果可靠度高、主观性低、实用性强等优势。但该法仍受限于水流和水质长观资料、存在不确定性、不易获取表征特征污染物在地下水系统中的转化过程的定量参数等缺点,因此,未来包气带中溶质迁移转化理论、包气带和饱和带的耦合模型、随机模型和各种智能方法与过程模拟法的结合、过程模拟法和评价结果的不确定性以及GIS技术与各种数学模型的结合都将是基于过程模拟研究地下水脆弱性的重要发展方向。 相似文献
5.
基于熵权与GIS耦合的DRASTIC地下水脆弱性模糊优选评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
地下水脆弱性评价与编图是保护地下水环境工作的基础,DRASTIC模型是目前国际上最普遍应用的地下水脆弱性评价方法。在利用GIS进行地下水脆弱性评价的基础上,引进基于熵权的模糊优选评价方法,构建了基于熵权与GIS耦合的DRASTIC地下水脆弱性模糊优选评价模型。将该模型应用于黄水河流域,计算出了各评价参数的熵权和各叠加分区基于熵权的隶属度,据此将地下水脆弱性划分为高、中、低3个等级。结果表明,评价过程中避免了人为因素的干扰,更能真实地反映客观情况,为地下水脆弱性的评价提供新的思路和方法。 相似文献
6.
地下水脆弱性和风险性评价研究进展综述 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
张丽君 《水文地质工程地质》2006,33(6):113-119
地下水脆弱性和风险性评价与区划是区域地下水资源保护的重要依据。本文回顾了各国地下水脆弱性评价与编图研究工作以及地下水污染风险评价研究的最新进展,提出地下水污染风险评价的框架及其指标体系,最后指出今后需要深入研究的问题。 相似文献
7.
8.
岩溶地下水是贵州省六盘水市的重要供水水源,但针对该地区的岩溶地下水脆弱性评价,尤其是城镇化区域的岩溶地下水脆弱性评价尚未见报道.运用改进的径流-覆盖层-降雨（COP）模型,利用RS及GIS技术对水城盆地的土壤类型、土地利用/覆盖类型、降水量数据进行处理,研究了岩溶地下水脆弱性评价的城镇化因子.结果显示,2004~2016年间,研究区地下水固有脆弱性整体呈现出由中脆弱性向低脆弱性转变的趋势,脆弱性降低的区域与城镇化过程中增加的不透水地面区域相一致;表明不透水地面有效地阻碍了地表污染物进入地下,降低了地下水固有脆弱性.本结果为水城盆地岩溶水资源管理提供了重要依据. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
This study developed a new paradigm for groundwater vulnerability assessment by modifying the standard DRASTIC index (DI) model based on catastrophe theory. The developed paradigm was called the catastrophe theory-based DI (CDI) model. The proposed model was applied to assess groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (GVPI) in Perak Province, Malaysia. The area vulnerability index was modeled by considering the DRASTIC multiple vulnerability causative factors (VCFs) obtained from different data sources. The weights and ranking of the VCFs were computed by using the inner fuzzy membership mechanism of the CDI model. The estimated vulnerability index values of the CDI model were processed in a geographic information system (GIS) environment to produce a catastrophe theory–DRASTIC groundwater vulnerability to pollution index (CDGVPI) map, which demarcated the area into five vulnerability zones. The produced CDGVPI map was validated by applying the water quality status–vulnerability zone relationship (WVR) approach and the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve method. The performance of the developed CDI model was compared with that of the standard DI model. The validation results of the WVR approach exhibits 89.29% prediction accuracy for the CDI model compared with 75% for the DI model. Meanwhile, the ROC validation results for the CDI and DI models are 88.8% and 78%, respectively. The GIS-based CDI model demonstrated better performance than the DI model. The GVPI maps produced in this study can be used for precise decision making process in environmental planning and groundwater management. 相似文献
12.
气候变化下的水资源脆弱性和适应性管理研究成为全球和国家应对气候变化和保障水资源安全重点关注的问题,也是中国可持续发展面对的重大战略问题。介绍了水资源脆弱性和适应性管理的国内外最新研究进展;针对国家重大需求和国际科学前沿问题,综述了气候变化下水资源脆弱性和适应性管理存在的问题与挑战。提出了气候变化下水资源脆弱性与适应性管理理论与方法研究以应对气候变化的无悔为准则,与社会经济可持续发展、成本效益分析、利益相关者的多信息源的分析与综合决策相结合为原则,对适应性管理与脆弱性组成的互联互动系统及其风险与不确定性进行分析的新认识。 相似文献
13.
地下水防污性能评价方法探讨 总被引：52，自引：0，他引：52
地下水防污性能评价是环境规划和决策的有用工具,国外已有许多研究,也提出了各种计算防污性能指数模型。文中着重介绍使用最广泛的DRASTIC模型,并指出其不足之处。根据中国情况,提出用DRTA模型评价潜水的防污性能,用DLCT模型评价承压含水层的防污性能。DRTA模型包含有地下水埋深、包气带评分介质、包气带评分介质的厚度和含水层厚度4 个因子;DLCT模型包含有承压含水层埋深、隔水层岩性、隔水层的连续性和隔水层厚度4个因子。 相似文献
14.
15.
地下水脆弱性研究进展 总被引：50，自引：0，他引：50
地下水脆弱性研究是合理开发利用和保护地下水的基础，近年来它已成为国际水文地质研究的热点问题。在详细阐述地下水脆弱性的概念及分类的基础上，对国内外有关脆弱性评价及编图的方法进行了分析评述。最后指出了目前地下水脆弱性研究中存在的一些问题，对有关方面的进一步研究提出了建议。 相似文献
16.
某金矿技术经济评价及品位指标优化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据某金矿床的地质特征,利用地质统计学方法对矿床的地质储量进行了评估,并给出了矿石量、金属量及品位的数学模型。在矿山现行生产能力的基础上,对矿山未来开发经济效益进行了２７５个方案的评价,并利用模糊数学理论对各方案进行了多目标优化决策 。 相似文献
17.
18.
H. S. B. Duzgun M. S. Yucemen H. S. Kalaycioglu K. Celik S. Kemec K. Ertugay A. Deniz 《Natural Hazards》2011,59(2):917-947
In this paper, an integrated urban earthquake vulnerability assessment framework, which considers vulnerability of urban environment
in a holistic manner and performs the vulnerability assessment for the neighborhood scale, is proposed. The main motivation
behind this approach is the inability to implement existing vulnerability assessment methodologies for countries like Turkey,
where the required data are usually missing or inadequate for the decision-makers in prioritization their limited resources
for risk reduction in the administrative units from which they are responsible for. The methodology integrates socio-economical,
structural, coastal, ground condition, vulnerabilities (fragilities), as well as accessibility to critical services. The proposed
methodology is implemented for Eskisehir, which is one of the metropolitans of Turkey. In the implementation of the proposed
framework, geographic information system (GIS) is used. While the overall vulnerabilities obtained for neighborhoods are mapped
in GIS, the overall vulnerabilities obtained for buildings are visualized in 3D city model. The main reason behind using different
mapping and visualization tools for vulnerabilities is to provide better ways for communicating with decision-makers. The
implementation of the proposed vulnerability assessment methodology indicates that an urban area may have different vulnerability
patterns in terms of structural, socio-economical, and accessibility to critical services. When such patterns are investigated,
effective vulnerability reduction policies can be designed by the decision-makers. The proposed methodology well serves for
this purpose. 相似文献
19.
Groundwater vulnerability assessment in shallow aquifer of Kathmandu Valley using GIS-based DRASTIC model 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dhundi Raj Pathak Akira Hiratsuka Isao Awata Luonan Chen 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1569-1578
In this paper, groundwater aquifer vulnerability map has been developed by incorporating the major geological and hydro-geological
factors that affect and control the groundwater contamination using GIS based DRASTIC model. This work demonstrates the potential
of GIS to derive a map by overlying various spatially referenced digital data layers that portrays cumulative aquifer sensitivity
ratings across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, providing a relative indication of groundwater vulnerability to contamination.
In fact, the groundwater is the major natural resources in Kathmandu for drinking purpose. The decline in groundwater levels
due to the over exploitation and thus extracted water from shallow aquifer has been contaminated by the infiltration of pollutants
from polluted river and land surface is continuous and serious. As the demand for water for human and industrial use has escalated
and at the same time, the engineering and environmental costs are much higher for new water supplies than maintaining the
existing sources already in use. Management of groundwater source and protecting its quality is therefore essential to increase
efficient use of existing water supplies. Aquifer vulnerability maps developed in this study are valuable tools for environmental
planning and predictive groundwater management. Further, a sensitivity analysis has been performed to evaluate the influence
of single parameters on aquifer vulnerability assessment such that some subjectivity can be reduced to some extent and then
new weights have been computed for each DRASTIC parameters. 相似文献