共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 524 毫秒
1.
滇东早寒武世梅树村期浅色粘土岩层的地球化学特征和地质意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
滇东早寒武世梅树村期含磷岩系中出现的十多层浅色粘土岩层为酸性火山灰蚀变而成的变斑脱岩，它们是火山喷发事件和事件地层对比的标志。这些浅色粘土岩层中稳定微量元素Ｈｆ、Ｎｂ、Ｙ、Ｔｈ、Ｚｒ含量高于非火山成因的粘土，而Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ含量低于筇竹寺组泥岩。ＴｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｚｒ／Ｈｆ、Ｔｉ／Ｔｈ比值属于酸性岩浆范围，球粒标准化稀土元素配分模式和具中至大的Ｅｕ负异常类似于花岗岩稀土配分模式。岩浆判别图指示了梅树村期变斑脱岩具板内花岗岩位置的亚碱性流纹岩和粗面岩岩浆亲缘性。变斑脱岩在地层序列上和区域上分布表明扬子地台西缘早寒武世初期火山活动频繁，火山喷发事件与古大陆解体和板内拉张构造运动有关 相似文献
2.
华南埃迪卡拉系底部钾质斑脱岩的岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
我国华南扬子地台不同地区（湖北宜昌、安徽休宁）埃迪卡拉系底部的盖帽碳酸盐岩中均保存有浅色粘土岩层。岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察,以及X射线衍射分析表明,这些粘土岩层以伊利石和伊/蒙混层矿物为主,同时含有港湾状熔蚀石英、高温透长石及岩浆锆石等斑晶矿物。X荧光光谱仪和ICP-MS等离子质谱仪等地球化学元素分析表明,这些粘土岩层具有相似的元素组成和配分模式,以高K2O、低TiO2,富含Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Th、Y等亲石元素为特征,Al2O3/TiO2、Zr/Hf 和Ti/Th 值均指示了酸性火山灰的性质,同时稀土元素配分模式与花岗岩较为相似。岩石学和地球化学特征表明,这些浅色粘土岩层是火山喷发事件形成的钾质斑脱岩。通过两处剖面的对比,可以将安徽休宁地区的钾质斑脱岩年龄限制在大约635Ma左右。岩浆判别图指示了这些钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆为高钾亚碱性流纹英安岩;依据微量元素特征和构造环境判别图,初步认为原始岩浆形成于大陆弧环境。这些钾质斑脱岩在区域上的分布,表明我国扬子地台埃迪卡拉纪早期发生了广泛的火山活动,“雪球地球”事件的结束可能是导致这期以钾质斑脱岩为代表的火山喷发事件的诱因。 相似文献
3.
鄂东北大别杂岩中深熔混合岩存在的地质地球化学证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于地质地球化学研究结果提出识别大别杂岩中深熔混合岩的证据：①浅色体粗大可横切面理，伴有复杂褶皱，帮助发育；②浅色体和古成体中斜长石牌号有明显差异；③矿物成分和组合指示曾达到深熔条件；④浅色体中富含Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＯ２和不活动、不相容元素，如ＬＲＥＥ、Ｔｈ、Ｈｆ、Ｚｒ。最结合混合岩矿物空间分布和质量平衡研究结果得出结论：大别核心杂岩中混合岩的主导成因机制是深熔。 相似文献
4.
滇东下寒武统含磷岩系底部火山喷发事件沉积及其意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
云南曲靖德泽剖面下寒武统梅树村组待补段底和晋宁梅树村剖面小歪头山段底粘土岩层的岩石、矿物和元素地球化学特征表明，这些粘土岩层是由酸性火山灰蚀变而成的变斑脱岩。它们是同期火山喷发事件沉积的标志，也是滇东地区下寒武统梅树村组底界等时对比的标志层。根据这个标志层以及小歪头山段和待补段沉积序列的对比，梅树村剖面小歪头山段仅相当于小江断裂以东地区的待补段下部白云岩层，缺失上部硅质岩层，因而它不能代表滇东地区下寒武统梅树村组下段的沉积序列。 相似文献
5.
火—沉粘土岩微量元素地球化学和物源岩浆类型及化学分异机制探讨 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
火－沉粘土岩是由火山喷发的细碎屑物经大气搬运降沉在各种介质中，强烈粘土化而形成，是当前沉积学研究中的薄弱环节。重点研究了火－沉粘土岩中微量元素的地球化学特征及其与花岗岩中相应元素特征的区别，并利用板块构造消减带两侧上地幔软圈中熔浆化学分理论，对火－沉粘土岩的物源岩浆类型和化学分异机制进行了探讨。 相似文献
6.
冯宝华 《华北地质矿产杂志》1994,9(3):298-305
酸性火山事件所形成的粘土岩称之为火－残粘土岩。目前已发现有伊利石－蒙脱石粘土、富钾伊利石“绿豆岩”、“大同黑砂石”（微晶高岭岩）、膨润土矿或蒙脱石粘土岩等４种类型，此外，还有火－沉硅质岩。虽然火－残粘土岩的外貌难以辨认，但因其中含继承性很强的Ｔｈ，Ｕ，＾４０Ｋ，Ｔｉ等元素，因此可利用地球化学研究方法、方射性测量和γ测井将其查明。上述各类型的火－残粘土岩及火－沉硅质岩的γ测井曲线各具特征，不仅可以识 相似文献
7.
秦岭—大别勉略缝合带湖北随州周家湾变质玄武岩地球化学及其大地构造意义 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
周家湾变质玄武岩岩片位于秦岭－大别微板块与扬子板块的分界断裂构造混杂带内,形成于印支期。岩石为一套亚碱性拉斑系列火山岩,具扁平型稀土配分型式;Ｔｈ／Ｙｂ,Ｔａ／Ｙｂ,Ｔｉ／Ｚｒ,Ｔｉ／Ｙ,Ｚｒ／Ｙ比和Ｎｂ,Ｔｈ丰度表明其形成于初始型小洋盆的大地构造环境。该岩片可能是秦岭勉略缝合带在大别南缘出露的岩石学证据。 相似文献
8.
华南下寒武统一直引起地质学家们的关注。最近,于贵州织金戈仲伍及金沙岩孔2条剖面的下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部发现数层粘土岩,采用x射线衍射分析方法（XRD）、X荧光光谱法（XRF）及电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）对其进行了矿物学和地球化学研究。矿物学分析显示所研究的粘土岩的矿物组合包括：伊利石、伊利石一蒙脱石混层矿物、蒙脱石、高岭石、石英、云母、角闪石、长石、锆石等。主量元素含量分析显示粘土岩ω（K20）介于4．05％～5．75％之间,平均值为4．76％,明显高于典型的以蒙脱石为主要矿物的斑脱岩。粘土岩的微量元素含量特征表现为：相对于地壳页岩,其亲石元素,Ih、Y、Nb、Zr、Hf、Ga、U等含量较高,亲铁元素Ni、co含量较低,火山活动产物中的标志元素As含量亦较高。球粒陨石标准化多元素蜘蛛图解显示所有粘土岩样品相对亏损Rb、Nb、Pb、Sr,相对富集Ba、U;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图显示它们具有右倾的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损且具负Eu异常的稀土元素配分模式。矿物学及地球化学特征表明它们成因上属于由火山凝灰物质经水解、成岩及蚀变作用形成的钾质斑脱岩,代表了早寒武世时期于贵州地区发生的3期火山活动。通过Nb／Y—Zr／TiO2：图解判别,认为研究区钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆性质为中酸性岩浆;进一步通过（Y＋Nb）-Rb构造判别图解投影,获得了钾质斑脱岩的源火山喷发于板内拉张环境的地球动力学信息。由于新发现的钾质斑脱岩与华南下寒武统Ni—Mo—PGE矿床存在密切的时空联系,因此,我们认为钾质斑脱岩的发现为解释由火山作用贡献了成矿物质的矿床成因观点提供了新的研究线索。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原冈底斯带中段花岗岩类及其中铁镁质微粒包体地球化学特征 总被引：37，自引：12，他引：25
青藏高原冈底斯带花岗岩及其中铁镁质微粒包体地球化学研究表明,冈底斯花岗岩带岩石类型是钙碱性、中铝质的。１０对花岗岩及包体的地球化学分析结果表明,ＳｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、ＦｅＯＴ都是呈线性降低的趋势、二元素散点图及共分母图（如Ｌａ－Ｃｅ,Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ,Ｔｈ－Ｌａ,Ｌａ－Ｂａ,Ｔｈ／Ｙｂ－Ｔａ／Ｙｂ,Ｚｒ／Ｙ－Ｚｒ,Ｃｓ－Ｒｂ,ＳｉＯ２－Ｚｒ／ＴｉＯ２）具有不同程度的直线变异关系,而花岗岩及包体的同位素地球化学表明花岗岩中含有大量幔源组分,说明与岩浆混合作用及（或）成分分异有关。花岗岩及包体的常量元素、微量及稀土元素、同位素地球化学特征显示两者具有同源性。 相似文献
10.
鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘奥陶纪火山活动记录:来自陕甘地区平凉组钾质斑脱岩地球化学和锆石年代学的信息 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘多个奥陶系剖面中出露多层粘土岩。研究表明,这些粘土岩层多为钾质斑脱岩,是火山喷发的凝灰质物质在海相环境下沉积、蚀变的产物,其研究对鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系年代地层格架的重新厘定和周缘火山-岩浆活动事件的确定具有重要意义。本文报道了鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘陕西泾阳西陵沟剖面和甘肃平凉银洞官庄剖面奥陶系平凉组钾质斑脱岩的地球化学特征和锆石U-Pb年龄。主量元素表明其源岩为中酸性岩浆,且所有样品K2O含量大于Na2O含量,显示了富钾质特征;Nb-Zr图解中样品大多落在高钾、亚碱性岩浆范围内。利用在风化过程中不活动元素对钾质斑脱岩的原岩进行了恢复,结果表明其原始岩浆为高钾亚碱性流纹英安岩和粗面安山岩。微量元素特征显示多数样品具有典型的岛弧火山岩的特征。分别对上述二个剖面的4个和2个钾质斑脱岩样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得了变化于449±3Ma~457±3Ma范围的6组谐和年龄,据此将平凉组的沉积时代厘定为晚奥陶世桑比期-凯迪期(Sandbian-Katian)。根据钾质斑脱岩区域分布判断其源于南部北秦岭地区或/和西南部北祁连地区的火山喷发。 相似文献
11.
陆相渐新统划分中的问题及新进展 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
近年来国际上关于始新世－渐新世界线的研究取得了重大进展，其同位素年龄被确认为３４Ｍａ，北美哺乳动物年代表已据此重新厘定。通过对哺乳动物群的分析和对比，论证了我国原认为是早渐新世的乌兰戈楚期和呼尔井期的时代应改归晚始新世，原认为是中渐新世的三达河期的时代应为早渐新世。在亚洲始新世－渐新世的界线不是在乌兰戈楚期之末，而是在呼尔井期与三达河期之间。 相似文献
12.
Contrasting origin of two A-type rhyolite series from the Early Permian Nomgon bimodal volcanic association (Southern Mongolia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. M. Kozlovsky V. V. Yarmolyuk V. M. Savatenkov E. A. Kudryashova 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2017,475(2):914-918
A-type rhyolites of contrasting compositions and eruption characters were revealed among two volcanic series of the Early Permian bimodal association in the Nomgon graben. Rhyolites of the lower volcanic series formed extrusions, lava domes, and tuff horizons. They had low FeOt, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Y, and REE concentrations and also a moderately depleted Nd isotope composition (εNd(Т) = 6.7–7.1). Their formation was related to anatexis of the juvenile continental crust, triggered by the thermal effect of mafic magmas. Rhyolites of the upper volcanic series formed extensive lava flows and dikes. Their composition was characterized by high FeOt, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Y, and REE concentrations, and also depleted Nd isotope characteristics (εNd(Т) = 7.7–9.0). These rhyolite melts formed under long-term crystallizational differentiation of basaltoids in the intracrustal magmatic chambers, with limited participation of crustal contamination. The source of magmas for the upper volcanic series was the sublithospheric mantle. 相似文献
13.
辽西北票蓝旗组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
辽西北票常河营子地区有中生代蓝旗组火山岩分布,其中上部安山质角砾熔岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄分析结果表明,其结晶年龄为159.4±3.4Ma,属晚侏罗世.锆石~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf比值介于0.282098～0.282789之间,ε_(Hf)(t)值为-20.4～+4.1,主体分布在华北克拉通地壳演化线之上,位于古元古代地壳演化范围内,所给出的亏损地幔年龄(t_(DM))和平均地壳模式年龄(t_(crust))分别为0.7～1.6Ga和0.9～2.5Ga.结合已发表蓝旗组中酸性火山岩的岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,我们认为安山质火山岩源于古老(如晚太古代)下地壳玄武质岩石的部分熔融,其形成过程可能与中生代幔源岩浆底侵作用有关. 相似文献
14.
大型硅质火山作用(喷发体积约102～104km~3)的岩浆系统是地壳尺度的,经历了复杂的起源、运移、存储、补给和喷发等过程。揭示岩浆从起源到喷发过程中的结晶分异、堆晶、晶体-熔体分离、地壳混染、岩浆补给、晶粥活化等岩浆作用的细节是认识硅质火山岩浆系统演化的关键。锆石中Th、U、Ti、Hf和REE等微量元素的含量和系统变化反映了锆石结晶熔体的成分、温度、氧逸度和水含量等以及共生的矿物相特征,对示踪火山岩浆系统的演化过程具有重要研究意义。随着岩浆温度降低过程中结晶分异作用的进行,锆石微量元素呈现出Hf含量升高、Ti含量降低以及Th/U、Eu/Eu~*和Zr/Hf等比值降低的趋势,这些元素含量和比值可以作为岩浆分异演化程度的指标。成矿斑岩中的锆石一般具有高的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)和Eu/Eu~*值,反映了岩浆具有高的氧逸度和水含量。火山岩锆石可能经历多阶段结晶过程,因而形成复杂的核-边结构特征,核部具有熔蚀现象,边部CL较亮并具有低的Hf、U和高的Ti含量以及Eu/Eu~*值等,反映了岩浆补给作用和晶粥活化过程。由于锆石颗粒比较微小,在晶体-熔体分离过程可能随提取的熔体进入喷发岩浆房,从而可以连续记录岩浆成分的变化,或者残留在晶粥中记录晶体-熔体的分离。锆石微量元素结合高精度年代学分析,可以精细制约火山岩浆系统的多阶段演化过程及其时间尺度。在锆石微量元素数据的解释和筛选过程中,需注意扇形分区、锆石褪晶化和其他矿物包裹体对分析结果的影响,并同时开展岩相学研究,结合锆石产状和共生矿物组合特征,为制约火山岩浆系统的演化过程提供可靠信息。 相似文献
15.
Anne Salaün Benoît Villemant Martine Gérard Jean-Christophe Komorowski Agnès Michel 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2011,111(3):59-83
The mineralogy and the trace element compositions of hydrothermally-altered volcanic materials collected from ash fall deposits and in four debris-avalanche deposits (DADs) at La Soufrière volcano in Guadeloupe have been determined. Phreatic explosions of the 1976 eruption and flank collapse events have sampled various parts of the active and ancient hydrothermal systems of the volcano. Hydrothermal mineral assemblages (smectite + silica polymorphs ± pyrite/jarosite ± gypsum) are typical of rock alteration by low-temperature acid-sulphate fluids. High-temperature mineral assemblages are rare, indicating that phreatic explosions and flank collapse events have sampled mainly the upper parts of the volcanic edifice.Andesitic eruptive products affected by shallow hydrothermal alteration are complex assemblages of volcanic materials (glass, phenocrysts and xenocrysts with complex magmatic histories) of different ages and compositions. The use of incompatible element ratios and REE compositions normalised to an unaltered reference material overcomes the interpretation difficulties related to mass balance effects of alteration processes and the petrologic heterogeneity of the initial material.REE and other incompatible elements (Th, U, Hf, Zr) are mainly concentrated in the glassy matrix of unaltered andesitic rocks. Secondary S-bearing mineral phases (e.g., gypsum, jarosite) that have precipitated from acid-sulphate fluids do not contain substantial incompatible elements (REE, U, Th, Hf, Zr). Compositional variations of incompatible elements in hydrothermally-altered andesitic materials reflect mainly volcanic glass–smectite transformation, which is characterised by (i) strong depletion of alkalis and alkaline earths (Ba, Sr) and first transition series elements (Zn, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni), (ii) immobility of highly incompatible elements (Th, Zr, Hf, LREE) and (iii) strong depletion of MREE and HREE. The sigmoid shape of normalised REE pattern is characteristic of glass–smectite transformation by low-temperature acid-sulphate fluids. This transformation also produces significant variations in U/Th values, which offer the opportunity to date the cessation of hydrothermal alteration and to reconstruct the evolution in space and time of hydrothermal activity in a volcanic edifice. 相似文献
16.
F, Cl, S and P were determined, using electron microprobe, in magmatic inclusions trapped within minerals and glass mesostasis
from Wudalianchi volcanic rocks. The initial volcanic magma from Wudalianchi corresponds to the basanitic magma crystallized
near the surface ( pressure < 91 Mpa ). The potential H2O content of this magma is in the range 2 — 4 wt. %. The initial composition of volcanic magmas varies regularly from early
to late volcanic events. From the Middle Pleistocene to the recent eruptions (1719 – 1721 yr.), the basicity of volcanic magma
tends to increase, as reflected by an increase in MgO and CaO contents and by a progressive decrease in SiO2 and K2O contents. Meanwhile. from early (Q2 ) to late (Q3) episodic eruptions of the Middle Pleistocene, the initial concentrations of chlorine in volcanic magmas range from 1430
– 1930 ppm to 1700 ppm and decrease to 700 — 970 ppm for the first episodic eruption during the Holocene (Q
4
1
). The chlorine concentrations of volcanic magmas of recent eruption (Q
4
2
) are increased again to 2600 – 2870 ppm. A parallel evolution trend for phosphorus and chlorine concentrations in magmas
has been certified: 1500 – 5970 ppm (Q2)→ 3500 – 4210 ppm (Q3)→ 1100– 3500 ppm (Q
4
1
)→ 6800– 7900 ppm (Q
4
2
). The fluorine contents of volcanic magmas, from early to late volcanic events, show the same trend: 770 – 2470 ppm → 200–700
ppm → 700 – 800 ppm.
During the crystallization-evolution of volcanic magmas, fluorine and phosphorus tend to be enriched in residual magmas as
a result of crystal-melt differentiation. for example. the fluorine contents reach 5000– 6800 ppm and the phosphorus contents,
2.93wt.% in residual magmas. An appreciable amount of chlorine may be lost from water rich volcanic magmas prior to eruption
as a result of degassing. Apparently, water serves as a gas carrier for the chlorine. The chlorine contents of residual magmas
may decrease to 100 – 300 ppm.
The volcanic magmas from Wudalianchi are poor in sulfur, normally ranging from 200 to 400ppm. On account of the behavior of
sulfur in magmas and the strontium and oxygen isotopic analyses ((87Sr /86Sr)i=0.70503– 0.70589; δ18O = + 5.50 – + 6.89 ‰ ), it can be considered that the basanitic magmas in the Wudalianchi volcanic area came from the upper
mantle and have not yet been contaminated probably by continental crust materials. 相似文献
17.
Silicic volcanic rocks generally constitute a minor, but key product to track the magmatic evolution in mafic rock dominated large igneous provinces (LIPs). However, for their generally late-stage nature of the silicic volcanic rocks they have a poor preservation potential due to extensive post-eruption erosion. We track the eroded volcanic rocks from the ∼260 Ma Emeishan LIP by analyzing the provenance of the LIP-derived sedimentary rocks. Sandstones from a cored succession of the Late Permian Longtan Formation in the northern Youjiang Basin are rich in volcanic rock fragments, and associated mudstones have low Al2O3/TiO2 ratios. Detrital zircon grains from the Longtan Formation display typical unimodal U–Pb age spectra with a prominent peak at ca. 260 Ma. These detrital zircons show an overall geochemical affinity akin to those crystallized from within-plate/anorogenic magmas. Such petrological and geochemical characteristics are consistent with a dominant source from the Emeishan volcanic rocks. Through the sampled succession, zircon grains of ∼260 Ma from the lower Longtan Formation generally display lower U/Yb (most < 0.5) and Th/Nb (most < 10) ratios and higher εHf(t) values (mostly in the range of +3 to +8) than those from the upper part. A similar sequential variation has also been observed in the Shaiwa Formation, which is an offshore time-equivalent unit to the Longtan Formation. These consistent temporal variations through the sedimentary successions in the Youjiang Basin are interpreted to reflect erosional unroofing of the Emeishan LIP during the Late Permian. These results, integrated with previous studies on the rhyolites and trachytes in Emeishan LIP, reveal a fractional crystallization dominated petrogenetic process with diminishing crustal assimilation for the late-stage silicic volcanism. 相似文献
18.
湖北兴山大峡口浅海相二叠系-三叠系界线附近粘土岩研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、能谱等鉴定分析方法,对湖北兴山大峡口剖面二叠系—三叠系界线附近的8层粘土岩研究发现,各层粘土岩中的主要粘土矿物均为伊/蒙混层矿物,并且各层中均含有数量不等的六方双锥石英和黄铁矿,非粘土矿物为石膏,个别层位中还含有粘土微球粒。该8层粘土岩均为火山物源成因,联系相应的火山事件记录表明该地区在二叠系—三叠系之交经历了多次火山活动。这些火山事件与同时段牙形石的绝灭和延缓复苏呈现一致性。频繁的火山活动是造成二叠纪—三叠纪之交生物及生态系重大转折的主导事件之一。 相似文献
19.
REE, Th, U, Pb and Hf have been determined in nine selected samples from the Marda Archaean calc-alkaline suite. Data are consistent with field relationships and major and other trace element abundances, which suggest a crustal origin for the Marda magmas. REE patterns are analogous to continental margin (Andean) calc-alkaline volcanic suites and are not similar to those from other Archaean areas. 相似文献